Technical evaluation and economic optimisation of coagulation-flocculation process for the pre-treatment of over-reused effluent of paper mills in cardboard recycling industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Javad Alavi ◽  
Sepideh Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Paper Mills ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Technical Evaluation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Flocculation Process

Pengembangan Mesin Pencacah Sampah/Limbah Plastik Dengan Sistem Crusher dan Silinder Pemotong Tipe Reel

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Junaidi - ◽  
Ichlas Nur ◽  
Nofriadi - ◽  
Rusmardi -
Keyword(s):  
Testing Machine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Technical Evaluation ◽  
Lower Frame

Waste plastic mounting, but can be recycled into other products in the form of granules before further processed into pellets and seed injection molding process produces products such as buckets, plates, bottles and other beverages. To be processed into the required form of granules of plastic thrasher. Though so small plastic recycling industry is still constrained in plastic enumeration process because the machine used was not optimal ability. The purpose of this research is the development of the system thrasher plastic crusher and cutter cylinder-type reel and technical evaluation. This study was conducted over two years, the first year the design and manufacture of machinery, the second year is a technical evaluation of the engine, engine performance improvements and economic analysis of granular plastic products.From the results obtained engine design capacity of the machine ± 350 kg / h, the engine size is 50 cm x 120 cm x 30 cm, power motor of 10 HP at 1450 RPM rotation with 3 phase. Some of the major components of the engine that is, counter crusher unit consists of two counter rotating cylinders opposite, counter shaft size Ø 4 cm x 58 cm, blade chopper Ø 17 cm x 2 cm with the number of teeth / blades 7 pieces and the number of blades along shaft 7 pieces, buses retaining Ø 10 cm x 2 cm. Counter-cylinder unit consists of a reel-type cutter counter shaft size Ø 4 cm x 90 cm, the middle shaft mounted cylinder with Ø 17 cm x 40 cm as the holder of the chopper blades. Chopper blade consists of 4 pieces with a size of 40 cm x 2 cm x 4 cm with ASSAB materials. Furthermore, as the blade retaining bedknife shear force of the blade chopper, upper frame, lower frame, strainer, funnel entry, exit funnel, and the drive unit consists of an electric motor, reducer, belts, pulleys and 2 pieces of gear transmission. The results of performance testing machine crusher round cylinder 75 RPM and 1450 RPM reel-type cutting machine capacity ± 300 kg / h on the filter hole Ø 1.5 cm, with a 80% grain uniformity.

scholarly journals Effects of Thickened Excess Sludge Pre-Treatment Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation for Anaerobic Digestion

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Garlicka ◽  
Monika Zubrowska-Sudol ◽  
Katarzyna Umiejewska ◽  
Otton Roubinek ◽  
Jacek Palige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Sludge Flocs ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Flocculation Process ◽  
Different Levels

The main purpose of this study was the assessment of the possibility of increasing the production of biogas through the pre-treatment of thickened excess sludge (TES) by means of the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) conducted at different levels of energy density (EL) i.e., 70, 140 and 210 kJ/L. The experiments were performed on a pilot scale, and a mixture of thickened primary sludge (TPS) and TES was used as digester feed. The results documented that an important parameter determining the possibility of obtaining an enhanced methane production is the value of energy input in the HC process. This parameter determines the changes occurring in sludge as a result of disintegration (i.e., sludge floc deagglomeration, lysis of cells, re-flocculation process and the related release of compounds susceptible to biodegradation from sludge flocs). The maximum increase in methane yield (MY) of 152% was obtained for EL = 140 kJ/L. In this case, HC mainly caused sludge floc deagglomeration. An increase in MY was also recorded when TES was subject to the disintegration process at EL = 210 kJ/L. However, it was 4.3 times lower than that observed for EL = 140 kJ/L. Pre-treatment of TES at EL = 70 kJ/L did not contribute to an increase in methane production.

Characteristics of coagulation-flocculation of humic acid with effective performance of polymeric flocculant and inorganic coagulant

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yu ◽  
D.D. Sun ◽  
J.H. Tay
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Flocculation Process

Ferric chloride and aluminium sulphate as coagulants and positive charged flocculants PDDMAC ((PDDMAC = poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) were used for pre-treatment of water and wastewater for removing humic substance prior to RO membrane filtration. It was found that a combination of flocculant and coagulant enhanced the coagulation-flocculation process and humic acid removal. The optimum conditions of coagulation-flocculation were established in reference to the ratio of humic acid and coagulant. Zeta potential and the ratio of E4/E6 were investigated to explore the possible micro-mechanisms of coagulation-flocculation. The ratios of E4/E6 show the molecular size variations using different coagulants and flocculants, which are expected to benefit membrane-fouling control.

Removing of Nano-Particles from Semiconductor Wastewater Using a Hybrid Treatment System

2012 ◽  
Vol 528 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
B. M. Yang ◽  
C. M. Kao ◽  
W. P. Sung ◽  
C. P. Yang ◽  
T. Y. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Wafer Fabrication ◽  
Particle Removal ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Ultra Filtration ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Flocculation Process

Packaging process is one of the main manufacturing steps in the wafer fabrication industries. However, nano-particles would be produced during the packaging process. The produced nano-particle-contained wastewater has characteristics of dark color and high turbidity. Because the nano-particles would usually result in the clogging of the membrane filtration system when it is used for water treatment and reclamation, the application of a pre-treatment system is required to extend the membrane life. The objective of this study was to develop a pre-treatment system for packaging wastewater treatment before membrane system was applied for further water quality improvement. In this laboratory-scale study, a hybrid treatment system containing a chemical coagulation/flocculation followed by ultra-filtration (UF) membrane technology was developed for the wafer fabrication wastewater treatment. The chemical coagulation/flocculation unit was used as the pre-treatment process to improve the efficiency of the following ultra-filtration (UF) membrane system. The packaging wastewater was collected from a wafer fabrication factory and used to evaluate the feasibility of the coagulation/flocculation process on nano-scale particle removal. Results show that approximately 98% of turbidity could be removed at pH 7 when 2.2 mg/L of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) (used as coagulant) and 0.5 mg/L of polyacrylamide (cPAM) (used as flocculant) were added during the coagulation/flocculation process. Results indicate that the coagulation/flocculation is a feasible pre-treatment process for nano-particle removal before UF membrane is applied for further water purification. Results from this study will be helpful in designing a scale-up system for practical applications.

scholarly journals Baling storage method: past, present and Swedish experience

2019 ◽  
pp. 203-210
Author(s):  
William Hogland ◽  
Marcia Marques ◽  
Velma Grover
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Moderate Pressure ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Swedish Experience ◽  
Rotary Drum

Baling is a process through which compaction (saving of space) is achieved for ease of handling, for better and optimum transportation (because of compaction, more stuff can be loaded). Baling has been practiced for a long time by the farmers - farmers used the baling process for managing hay and cotton. When used in case of lint, the bale meant 392 pounds of lint. Baling of yarn was of three types:• Soft bales - the yarn was packed in bags for transport to small distances.• Pressed bales - in this yarn is subject to moderate pressure for transport to considerable distances for domestic trade.• Bundling and baling - the yarn is made into bundles and pressed into bales for export reason Besides, the farmers - recycling industry has used baling since a long time. Some of the ways in which recycling industry have used are:• Iron (ferrous metal) - During the baling process ferrous metals are separated with the help of rotary drum magnet which separates out the metal from the other waste.• Paper - Some baling plants separate out the paper - the paper from the waste stream and other separated out waste is pressed into bales and sold to the paper mills for recycling. This has been carried out in India for a long time - when instead of mechanical balers, the papers were pressed into bales manually and sold to paper mills for recycling or was recycled at small scale plants at home.

scholarly journals Investigation of Coagulation and Flocculation Process in Chemical Pre-Treatment of Livestock Wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Elham Abdollahzadeh Sharghi ◽  
Faeze Yadegari ◽  
Leila Davarpanah ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Livestock Wastewater ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Flocculation Process

Anaerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents – status quo and new developments

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Habets ◽  
Willie Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents ◽  
Pre Treatment

Since the early 1980s, anaerobic treatment of industrial effluents has found widespread application in the pulp and paper industry. Over 200 installations are treating a large variety of different pulp and paper mill effluents. Amongst various anaerobic systems the UASB and IC are the most applied anaerobic reactor systems. Anaerobic treatment is well feasible for effluents originated from recycle paper mills, mechanical pulping (peroxide bleached), semi-chemical pulping and sulphite and kraft evaporator condensates. The advantages of anaerobic pre-treatment are (1) net production of renewable energy (biogas), (2) minimized bio-solids production, (3) minimal footprint and (4) reduced emission of greenhouse gases. Via in-line application of anaerobic treatment in closed circuits (paper kidney technology) further savings on cost of fresh water intake and effluent discharge levies are generated.

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