What is the relationship between computer technology and ethical issues?

Advances in computer technology have created opportunities for the development of a multimedia situational test in which responses are filmed with a webcam. This paper examined the relationship of a so-called webcam test with personality, cognitive ability, job experience, and academic performance. Data were collected among 153 psychology students. In line with our expectations, scores on the webcam test, intended to measure interpersonally oriented leadership, were related to extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and job experience. Furthermore, the webcam tests significantly predicted students’ learning activities during group meetings over and above a cognitive ability test and a personality questionnaire. Overall, this study demonstrates that webcam tests can be a valid complement to traditional predictors in selection contexts.

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Editor’s Pick: Regulatory and Ethical Issues in the New Era of Radiomics and Radiogenomics

EMJ Radiology ◽

10.33590/emjradiol/19-00165 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Filippo Pesapane

Keyword(s):

Ethical Issues ◽

Medical Images ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

New Era ◽

Naked Eye ◽

Disease Characteristics ◽

The Future ◽

Using Data ◽

The Relationship

Radiomics is a science that investigates a large number of features from medical images using data-characterisation algorithms, with the aim to analyse disease characteristics that are indistinguishable to the naked eye. Radiogenomics attempts to establish and examine the relationship between tumour genomic characteristics and their radiologic appearance. Although there is certainly a lot to learn from these relationships, one could ask the question: what is the practical significance of radiogenomic discoveries? This increasing interest in such applications inevitably raises numerous legal and ethical questions. In an environment such as the technology field, which changes quickly and unpredictably, regulations need to be timely in order to be relevant. In this paper, issues that must be solved to make the future applications of this innovative technology safe and useful are analysed.

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Ethical Issues in Consent for the Reuse of Data in Health Data Platforms

Science and Engineering Ethics ◽

10.1007/s11948-021-00282-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alex McKeown ◽

Miranda Mourby ◽

Paul Harrison ◽

Sophie Walker ◽

Mark Sheehan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Contract ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Personalised Medicine ◽

Data Reuse ◽

Remote Access ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

New Paradigm ◽

The Social ◽

New Thinking ◽

The Relationship

AbstractData platforms represent a new paradigm for carrying out health research. In the platform model, datasets are pooled for remote access and analysis, so novel insights for developing better stratified and/or personalised medicine approaches can be derived from their integration. If the integration of diverse datasets enables development of more accurate risk indicators, prognostic factors, or better treatments and interventions, this obviates the need for the sharing and reuse of data; and a platform-based approach is an appropriate model for facilitating this. Platform-based approaches thus require new thinking about consent. Here we defend an approach to meeting this challenge within the data platform model, grounded in: the notion of ‘reasonable expectations’ for the reuse of data; Waldron’s account of ‘integrity’ as a heuristic for managing disagreement about the ethical permissibility of the approach; and the element of the social contract that emphasises the importance of public engagement in embedding new norms of research consistent with changing technological realities. While a social contract approach may sound appealing, however, it is incoherent in the context at hand. We defend a way forward guided by that part of the social contract which requires public approval for the proposal and argue that we have moral reasons to endorse a wider presumption of data reuse. However, we show that the relationship in question is not recognisably contractual and that the social contract approach is therefore misleading in this context. We conclude stating four requirements on which the legitimacy of our proposal rests.

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Ethical dimension of circle Integrative Community Therapy on qualitative research

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/s0080-623420140000800022 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (spe2) ◽

pp. 148-154

Author(s):

Paula Renata Miranda dos Santos ◽

Elisangela Cerencovich ◽

Laura Filomena Santos de Araújo ◽

Roseney Bellato ◽

Sonia Ayako Tao Maruyama

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Social Research ◽

Ethical Dimension ◽

Human Beings ◽

Ethical Guidelines ◽

Social Differences ◽

Health Council ◽

Care Guidelines ◽

The Relationship

This study discusses ethical issues in research involving human beings and seeks to understand the relationship between qualitative research and the ethical care guidelines for Integrative Community Therapy (ICT) circles based on Resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. This is documentary research, which analyzed Resolution 466/12 and ICT circles seeking to make a connection between the ethical guidelines contained in both. The analysis of the corpus was directed toward the construction of the following results: the person's perception, cultural diversity and community. It also brings in consideration of the influence of the ethical dimension of the ICT circles on qualitative research. We conclude that ICT circles are innovative in the sense of the diversity of participants and respect for cultural and social differences. Thus, ICT circles promote acquisition of quality information for social research as well as compliance with the ethical guidelines outlined in Resolution No. 466/12.

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Computer knows best? The need for value-flexibility in medical AI

Journal of Medical Ethics ◽

10.1136/medethics-2018-105118 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 156-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Rosalind J McDougall

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Shared Decision Making ◽

Patient Autonomy ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Treatment Decision ◽

Shared Decision ◽

Treatment Decision Making ◽

Value Judgements ◽

The Relationship

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being developed for use in medicine, including for diagnosis and in treatment decision making. The use of AI in medical treatment raises many ethical issues that are yet to be explored in depth by bioethicists. In this paper, I focus specifically on the relationship between the ethical ideal of shared decision making and AI systems that generate treatment recommendations, using the example of IBM’s Watson for Oncology. I argue that use of this type of system creates both important risks and significant opportunities for promoting shared decision making. If value judgements are fixed and covert in AI systems, then we risk a shift back to more paternalistic medical care. However, if designed and used in an ethically informed way, AI could offer a potentially powerful way of supporting shared decision making. It could be used to incorporate explicit value reflection, promoting patient autonomy. In the context of medical treatment, we need value-flexible AI that can both respond to the values and treatment goals of individual patients and support clinicians to engage in shared decision making.

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Virtuous Business Intelligence

International Journal of Business Intelligence Research ◽

10.4018/ijbir.2015070101 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Neil McBride

Keyword(s):

Balanced Scorecard ◽

Business Intelligence ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Corporate Ethics ◽

The Relationship

This paper examines three approaches to ethics and focuses on the development of character and the practice of virtue in business intelligence (BI). The paper describes BI as a tool for mediating the relationships between pairs of stakeholders such as management and customer. Three aspects of the relationship which benefit ethically from the practice of virtues are discussed: the purpose of the BI, the prejudices behind the BI and the power of the stakeholders. The connection between the ethics of BI and the corporate ethics is discussed. Without the practice of virtues, BI may be recruited to support corporate vices of exploitation, exposure, exclusion, coercion, control and concealment. The paper seeks to highlight the importance of ethical issues in BI practice and suggests the development of an ethical balanced scorecard as a vehicle for developing ethical senstitivity.

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The Relationship Between Attitudes Toward Technology, Adaptability, And Customer Orientation Among Professional Salespeople

Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) ◽

10.19030/jabr.v17i4.2090 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bruce D. Keillor ◽

Charles E. Pettijohn ◽

Michael D'Amico

Keyword(s):

Computer Technology ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Customer Orientation ◽

Computer Usage ◽

Attitudes Toward Computers ◽

Sales Managers ◽

Way Of Life ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Use Of Technology ◽

The Relationship

The use of computer technology is increasingly becoming a way of life for professional salespeople. Given the increased use of technology in virtually aspects of sales, it would seem natural to reconcile both the uses of, and attitudes toward, computers among professional salespeople with traditionally emphasized sales constructs such as adaptability and customer orientation. The results of such an analysis would have implications for both academic sales research as well as sales managers and trainers who would benefit from an investigation into a propensity to accept computer technology and the ability to engage in significant sales activities that represent the human dimension. The current study addresses this issue by assessing the relationships between salespersons’ attitudes toward computer technology, adaptability, and customer orientation. The findings generally indicate a positive predisposition toward computer usage and a significant positive relationship between those attitudes and both adaptability and customer orientation among a sample of professional salespeople.

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Ethical climate in a Belgian psychiatric inpatient setting: relation with burnout and engagement in psychiatric nurses

European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare ◽

10.5750/ejpch.v1i2.685 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 443

Author(s):

Astrid Faelens ◽

Marleen Claeys ◽

Bernard Sabbe ◽

Didier Schrijvers ◽

Patrick Luyten

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Turnover Intention ◽

Ethical Climate ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Psychiatric Inpatient ◽

Psychiatric Nurses ◽

Inpatient Setting ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Emotional Burden ◽

The Relationship

Research suggests a relation between the ethical climate – that is, the organisational conditions and practices that affect the way ethical issues with regard to patient care are discussed and decided - and job satisfaction of nurses. Yet no study to date has investigated the relationship between ethical climate and job satisfaction in psychiatric nurses. This study aimed to address this critical gap in our knowledge by investigating the relationships among ethical climate and features of both burnout and engagement based on the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD - R model) in a large cross-sectional study of 265 nurses working in a large psychiatric inpatient hospital in Flanders, Belgium. Correlational and multiple hierarchical regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between ethical climate, burnout and engagement. In addition, based on the JD-R model, we also investigated whether engagement mediated the relationship between ethical climate on the one hand and job satisfaction and turnover intention on the other and whether ethical climate moderated the relationship between emotional burden and burnout. Results showed that a positive ethical climate was related to lower levels of emotional exhaustion and distancing and higher levels of engagement and job satisfaction. Furthermore, although ethical climate did not buffer against the effects of emotional burden on burnout, higher levels of engagement explained in part the relationship between ethical climate and job satisfaction.

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Fostering medical staff reflection on the technological alienation of parents in the NICU

Clinical Ethics ◽

10.1177/14777509211061849 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147775092110618

Author(s):

Abram Brummett ◽

Annie B. Friedrich

Keyword(s):

Medical Staff ◽

Moral Distress ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Treatment Refusal ◽

Healthy Newborn ◽

Incurable Condition ◽

Life Sustaining Treatment ◽

Terminal Diagnosis ◽

The Relationship

We describe a case of parents refusing a tracheostomy for an otherwise healthy newborn. The refusal was not honored because permitting the refusal would have violated state law, which required a child to have a qualifying condition (e.g. a terminal diagnosis, permanent unconsciousness, incurable condition with severe suffering) to remove or withhold life-sustaining treatment. However, this case strained the relationship between the parents and medical staff, who worried about sending the newborn home with a tracheostomy where she was not wanted. While many ethical issues arise in treatment refusal cases like this, we focus on the opportunity for ethicists to help the medical staff reflect on the technological alienation of the parents, which may help foster empathy, reduce moral distress, and strengthen the quality of the doctor-parent-patient triad.

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Values, Ethics, and Justice

Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0060 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Audrey Kobayashi ◽

James Proctor

Keyword(s):

Ethical Issues ◽

Focus Attention ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Personal Lives ◽

Moral Principles ◽

Ethical Implications ◽

Societal Issues ◽

The World ◽

The Relationship ◽

American Geography

Questions of ethics, values, justice, and the moral principles according to which we engage in geographical scholarship, have always been a part of geography, but for the past two decades—and perhaps even more significantly, since the events of September 11, 2001—they have become a central part of the lexicon of American and international geographical scholarship. The Values, Justice and Ethics Specialty Group (VJESG) was formed in 1997 to respond to a felt need for geographers to focus on both the ethical issues that inform our academic work, and the ways in which that work is connected to larger societal issues. The concerns of the group have been less with a particular range of topics or approaches than with the ethical questions that cut across the entire discipline, on the assumption that such questions are bounded neither by subject matter nor by theoretical constraints. The group was formed at a time when questions of whether geographers should be concerned about the moral, ethical implications of their work had long since been replaced with questions of how geographers could focus attention on these issues. Concern is with the very difficult questions that link personal commitment, or reflexivity, with larger questions of research and pedagogy. One of the best sources of evidence of the importance of such questions, and of the intellectual sophistication with which they are being asked, is the journal Ethics, Place and Environment, inaugurated in 1998. This group felt a need, therefore, for a geographical forum in which to explore the relationship between American geography and the world in which it operates. While a relatively small number of geographers works in a more narrowly defined field that might be called moral philosophy (Sack 1997; Smith 1997,1998a, 2000), for the vast majority, ethical questions connect the academic and the personal lives of geographical practitioners, in ways that influence directly the questions they ask, the methodological and theoretical choices they make, and, perhaps most importantly, their personal relations with their research subjects and their own communities. As I. Hay (1998: 73) suggests, “the place to start that process is on our [geographers’] own professional bodies.”

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