Contamination factor and pollution load index to estimate source apportionment of selected heavy metals in soils around a cement factory, SW Iran

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mohamad Rahmanian ◽  
Yaser Safari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Sw Iran ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

scholarly journals The content of copper and heavy metals in the multilayer soil mud from the Buchim lake under the Buchim mine's waste dump, Republic North Macedonia

Tehnika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
Todor Serafimovski ◽  
Goran Tasev ◽  
Trajce Stafilov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Porphyry Copper ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Target Value ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Almost All

The intense mineral extraction in mining areas during the last several decades has produced a large amount of waste material and tailings, which release toxic elements to the environment. The aim of the study was to determine in two vertical profiles/sections (1 and 2) the heavy metal contents of samples derived from six samples, three from each section located in the porphyry copper mine Buchim area, Republic North Macedonia. The results have been compared to new Dutchlist (DL) and Kabata-Pendias (KP) standards and the following was concluded: As values ranged 14.985÷60.131 mg kg-1 with 4 samples above the target value of the DL (29 mg kg-1 As) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (5 mg kg-1 As), in that context Co values ranged 11 ÷57 mg kg-1 with 6 values above the target value of the DL (9 mg kg-1 Co) and 5 above standard values given in KP value (12 mg kg-1 Co), Cr with range 29.32÷75.76 mg kg-1 with 6 over KP value (10 mg kg-1 Cr) and none above the target value of the DL (100 mg kg-1 Cr), Cu with range 2694÷6749 mg kg-1 with 6 samples above the target value of the DL (36 mg kg-1 Cu) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (20 mg kg-1 Cu), Ni with range 59.57÷105.98 mg kg-1 with 6 samples above the target value of the DL (35 mg kg-1 Ni) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (20 mg kg-1 Ni), Pb with range 27.06 ÷96.08 mg kg-1 with 1 sample above the target value of the DL (85 mg kg-1Pb) and 6 above standard values given in KP value (25 mg kg-1Pb), Zn with range 147÷273 mg kg-1 with 6 over target value of the DL (140 mg kg-1 Zn) and 6 above standard KP value (64 mg kg-1 Zn), V with range 34.44÷92.57 mg kg-1 with 5 over target value of the DL (42 mg kg-1 V) and one above KP value (90 mg kg-1 V).In order to compare the level of contamination, the contamination factor (𝐶𝑓 𝑖 ), degree of contamination (Cd), and pollution load index (PLI) were computed. Serious numbers were found for Cu, as, Zn, Co and Ni, which exceeded standard values at almost all samples from both vertical sections. Compared from section 1 and section 2, pollution load index increased by 13.43%, which in almost all samples was classified as heavily polluted to extremely polluted. The fact that mining activities at the Buchim Mine last for almost 40 years, the presence of heavy metals in soils at a serious level is understandable. The high level of contamination is a result of heavy metal persistence and non-biodegradability.

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metals with ecological risk of soils in the industrial vicinity of Tangail district, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Proshad ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Tapos Kormoker
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Cd Contamination ◽  
The Mean

This study was conducted to assess the ecological risk of heavy metals in soils collected from the industrial vicinity of Tangail district in Bangladesh. In this study, the levels of six heavy metals namely chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in 15 sampling sites around the industrial vicinity of Tangail district in Bangladesh were assessed. The mean concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb in studied soils were 11.56, 23.92, 37.27, 6.11, 2.01, and 17.46 mg/kg, respectively. Certain indices, including the enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (Cif), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), toxic unit analysis, and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to assess the ecological risk. The enrichment factor of all the studied metals for all sampling sites were in the descending order of Cd > Cu > As > Pb >Ni > Cr. The contamination factor values revealed that the studied soils were highly impacted by Cd. The pollution load index (PLI) values of Cd were higher than 1, indicating the progressive deterioration of soil due to Cd contamination. In the context of potential ecological risk (PER), soils from all sampling sites showed moderate to very high potential ecological risk.

scholarly journals Risk and Toxicity Assessments of Heavy Metals in Tympanotonus fuscatus and Sediments from Iko River, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
U. U. Ubong ◽  
I. O. Ekwere ◽  
E. E. Ikpe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
High Degree

This study evaluates the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals in water, sediments and Tympanotonus fuscatus obtained from three sample sites along Iko River in Eastern Obolo LGA, AkwaIbom State. The heavy metal analysis results on Pb, Cd and Ni in sediments and Tympanotonus fuscatus were used to estimate the human health and ecological risk assessment of the study area. The human health risk assessment tools utilized in this study were estimated dietary intake (EDI), total hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) while sediment pollution parameters evaluated were contamination factor (CF), contamination degree (CD), pollution load index (PLI) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). Results obtained showed that EDI of Cd in periwinkle in the study sites ranged from 0.2 – 6.4 µg/kg-bw/day and exceeded the provisional tolerable dietary intake (PTDI), while EDI for Pb (0.0004 – 2.6 µg/kg-bw/day) and Ni (0.32 – 2 µg/kg-bw/day) was within the limit for all sites, except Ni in site II (34 µg/kg-bw/day) which was higher than the PTDI of 5 µg/kg-bw/day. The THQ of Cd in all sites was greater than 1, while Pb and Ni generally recorded THQ < 1. The hazard index (HI) was as follows: site I (2.36), sites II (24.44) and site III (6.5), highlighting a potential hazardous effect to humans as a result of the consumption of Tympanotonus fuscatus obtained from site II and III. The sediment pollution assessment revealed that the contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulation index, Igeo of Cd were far above the permissible limits while Pb and Ni were mostly within limits. The estimated contamination degree (CD) and pollution load index (PLI) showed a high degree of pollution, which can be mainly attributed to the high degree of Cd contamination in the sediment. Therefore, the area under investigation is highly polluted and the periwinkle obtained from Iko river in the study area is unfit for human consumption.

scholarly journals Analysis of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments from Agh Gel Wetland, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Soheil Sobhanardakani ◽  
◽  
Mehrnaz Ghoochian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index

Background: Soil and sediment serve as major reservoir for contaminants as they possess ability to bind various chemicals together. In this study the concentrations of heavy metals Cd, Cr and Cu were analyzed in surface sediments of Agh Gel Wetland in west of Iran. Methods: The sediment samples were taken from 10 stations. The samples were subjected to bulk digestion and chemical partitioning and Cd, Cr and Cu concentrations of the sediments were determined by ICP-OES. Geo-accumulation index (I-geo), Contamination factor (CF) and Pollution load index (PLI) were used to evaluate the magnitude of contaminants in the sediment profile. Results: The mean sediment concentrations (mg kg-1 dry weight) ranged within 0.20-0.29 (Cd), 58-71 (Cr) and 23-36 (Cu). According to the I-geo values, the sediments' qualities are classified as unpolluted to moderately polluted category. According to the CF values, the sediments' qualities are classified as low to moderate contamination. Furthermore, the PLI values indicated that there were no metal pollution exists for all sampling stations. Conclusion: The Agh Gel Wetland is potential to be threatened by chemical pollutants such as agricultural effluent. So to preserve the environment of the Agh Gel Wetland from deterioration, periodically monitoring of the water and sediment qualities is recommended.

scholarly journals The Potential of Heavy Metals Contamination in the Surface Sediments of River Nile, Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nageeb Rashed ◽  
Mohamed ELSadeek Fouad Toufeek ◽  
Mahmoud Abedeldaium Eltaher ◽  
Ayman Outhman Elbadry
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Pollution Load

Electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, carbonates and five heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb) were measured seasonally in the sediments of River Nile (Egypt) during 2015. Ten sectors include 30 sites were selected along River Nile from Aswan to Armant to assess the levels of the studied parameters. Heavy metals in sediments were in the order of Pb < Cu < Zn < Mn < Fe, which indicated that Pb was found to be the least concentration in sediments, whereas Fe was the most accumulated element. Pearson’s correlation coefficients among the measured parameters were tested. Zn, Cu and Pb were positively correlated with electrical conductivity and organic matter accumulation and also they were positively correlated with each other. Sediments pollution load was studied through pollution indices [geo-accumulation index, pollution load index, modified degree of contamination, contamination factor and enrichment factor]. The pollution indices confirmed that the River Nile sediments in the studied area were not contaminated with these heavy metals except for some samples collected from certain sites as a result of the anthropogenic activities at these sites.

scholarly journals Geochemical characterization and spatial distribution of heavy metals from urban dust in Chetumal, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
José Gonzalo Zapata Carbonell ◽  
Francisco Bautista Zúñiga ◽  
Jaime Rendón von Osten ◽  
Luz del Carmen Lagunes Espinoza ◽  
David de Jesús Palma López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Urban Dust ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
The City

The first diagnose of heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb) concentrations present in Chetumal, Mexico and its spatial distribution was carried out by analyzing 86 samples of urban dust through atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The assessment of the extent of pollution was undertaken by the use of the Mexican Residential Soil Guideline Values, the calculation of the contamination factor and the pollution load index. The results showed concentrations of heavy metals below the Mexican guidelines in the city, except for chromium and lead in a few samples. However, using the contamination factor the concentrations for chromium, lead and copper are exceeded in some samples. The map of pollution load index shows the areas requiring immediate attention from the decision makers.

scholarly journals Comparing Levels of Some Heavy Metals in Rivers and Sediments from Two South-Western States of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ogunti mehin ◽  
◽  
Apata o ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Metal Analysis ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Standard Procedures

Ten water and ten sediment samples from both Igbokoda and Apapa in South west, Nigeria were collected between March and August, 2018 for heavy metal analysis. The study aimed at using Potential Ecological Risk (PER) index to characterize rivers sediments and waters for possible environmental impact. The sampling span industrial, domestic and recreational areas. The water and sediment grab samples were treated using standard procedures. The filtrate from sediment was made up to 50 cm3 mark with distilled water and used for seven heavy metals determination using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Contamination factor (CF) and Pollution load index (PLI) calculated for each metal in the sediments indicate moderate contaminations. However, Cd in exception showed the highest potential ecological risk factor of 42.3 in Igbokoda. PER value of the Igbokoda sediment is 45.37 while that of Apapa sediment is 6.79. The potential risk pose by Cd alone in the sediment suggests that the Igbokoda water is unsafe for recreational and other beach activities. The recommendation from the study will suggest a proper treatment of wastewater and sewages before fluxing into both the Igbokoda and Apapa water bodies

scholarly journals Penilaian pencemaran logam berat dalam sedimen di Teluk Jakarta

DEPIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-410
Author(s):  
Edward Edward
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sediment Quality ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Index Analysis ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation Index ◽  
Geo Accumulation ◽  
Total Average

Contamination and pollution of heavy metals in the bottom sediment can pose serious issues to marine organisms and human health. Jakarta Bay which is located adjacent to the capital city of Indonesia is notorious for its pollution problems. The purpose of this research was to assest the contamination levels of heavy metals Hg, Pb, and Cd in sea-bottom sediments based on an index analysis approach (contamination factors, geo accumulation index, pollution load index). Sediment samples were collected from 31 stations in Jakarta Bay. Heavy metal concentration was measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that an average mercury (Hg) concentration ranged from 0.150 to 0.530 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.362 µg.g-1, Lead (Pb) from 14.870 to 35.650 µg.g-1 with an total average of 21.774 µg.g-1, Cadmium (Cd) 0.110-0.280 µg.g-1 with an total average of 0.190 µg.g-1.The average concentration of Hg, Pb, and Cd is still lower than the sediment quality threshold values set by the Office of the State Minister of Environment of Indonesia  2010. The results of the index analysis showed that the average value of contamination factor (CF) are Hg 0.685, Pb 0.558, and Cd 0.380 respectively (low contamination) and geo accumulation index values are Hg 0.237, Pb -1.655, and Cd 0.069 respectively (unpolluted to moderate polluted). Overall, based on the pollution load index value is -0,511 (PLI 1), sediments in these waters are categorized as not yet polluted by Hg, Pb and Cd. This situation  is so necessary to be maintained, that in order for the preservation of marine resources will remain.Keywords: Jakarta Bay, sediment, pollution, heavy metals, assessmentABSTRAKKontaminasi dan pencemaran logam berat pada sedimen dasar dapat menimbulkan masalah yang serius bagi biota laut dan kesehatan manusia. Teluk Jakarta yang terletak berdekatan dengan ibu kota Indonesia terkenal karena masalah pencemarannya yang parah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai tingkat kontaminasi logam berat Hg, Pb dan Cd dalam sedimen dasar laut berdasarkan pendekatan analisis indeks. Contoh sedimen diambil dari 31 stasiun penelitian di Teluk Jakarta. Kadar logam berat diukur dengan alat Spektrofometer Penyerapan Atom. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar Hg rerata berkisar 0,150-0,530 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,362 µg. g-1, Timbal (Pb) 14,870-35,650 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 21,774 µg. g-1, Kadmium (Cd) 0,110-0,280 µg. g-1 dengan rerata total 0,190 µg.g-1. Kadar rerata Hg, Pb dan Cd masih lebih rendah dari nilai ambang batas kualitas sedimen yang ditetapkan oleh Kantor Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2010. Hasil analisis indeks menunjukkan nilai rerata faktor kontaminasi (CF) berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,685, Pb 0,352 dan Cd 0,380 (kontaminasi rendah) dan nilai indeks geo akumulasi berturut-turut adalah Hg 0,227, Pb 1,098 dan Cd 0,633 (tidak tercemar sampai tercemar sedang). Secara keseluruhan, berdasarkan nilai indeks beban pencemaran yakni -3.772 (PLI 1), sedimen di perairan ini termasuk kategori belum tercemar oleh Hg, Pb dan Cd. Keadaan ini perlu dipertahankan, agar kelestarian sumberdaya laut tetap terjaga.Kata kunci: Teluk Jakarta, sedimen, pencemaran, logam berat, penilaian

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metals’ Contamination of Soils and Vegetable from Farmlands on Selected Floodplains in Akure and Environs, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Ademola Aiyesanmi ◽  
Precious Chukwunenye ◽  
Johnson Odukoya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Bioconcentration Factor ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentrations

Aim: Among other absorption pathways, heavy metals affect human health via their introduction into the diet through the soil-food chain. This study was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals in soils and plant’s part of Amaranthus hybridus from five farmlands on floodplains in Akure and environs. Study Design: Soil and A. hybridus samples were obtained from five farmlands for the assessment of their heavy metals’ content and pollution levels. Place and Duration of Study: The study (six months’ duration) was conducted at the Department of Chemistry, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Methodology: The assessment involved the use of standard methods of analyses and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mathematical expressions were employed for estimating the bioconcentration factor, geoaccumulation index, contamination factor and pollution load index. Statistical difference of the results was evaluated using One-Way Analysis of Variance. Results: The experimental results revealed that the farmlands’ soils belong to four textural classes in which their heavy metals’ contents are all below the maximum allowable concentrations provided in the considered regulatory guidelines for soil. Evaluation of the geoaccumulation index showed that concentration of all heavy metals in the soils are not enriched above the baseline  concentration as most of the soils belong to Class 0 (uncontaminated category). Pollution load index estimated from the contamination factors also indicated no overall pollution of the farmlands. Uptake of the studied heavy metals by A. hybridus was at varied levels while vegetable samples from Ogbese farmland had the highest bioconcentration factor for copper, nickel and chromium. Conclusion: Although most of the farmland soils have satisfactory physicochemical properties and present safe level of the studied heavy metals, the research revealed the need for cultivation of vegetables which are extremely poor bioaccumulators of heavy metals in these farmlands.

scholarly journals Pollution Load Index (PLI) of field irrigated with wastewater of Mawaiya Drain in Naini suburbs of Allahabad District

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Arti Yadav ◽  
Pawan Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Maximum Accumulation

Wastewater irrigation is practiced in outskirts of several cities of India. Enhanced growth and productivity of crops possess threat of heavy metal accumulation while irrigated with wastewater. Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in soil flooded with wastewater of Mawaiya drain in Naini region of Allahabad district, using parameter of contamination factor and pollution load index (PLI). Samples of soil were taken from the fields irrigated with wastewater and analyzed for heavy metals by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The maximum accumulation of heavy metal was observed for iron in soil. Heavy metal contamination is soil was assessed by estimation of contamination factor which was observed for Cu (0.7858), Fe (296.1864), Zn (0.4304), Pb (1.1661) and Ni (1.8912). Pollution load index (PLI) used for assessment of soil contamination and observed that maximum contamination (PLI, 74.31) was in water stressed conditions of summer. Heavy metals concentration in wastewater and accumulation in soil found within WHO limits in present study which may increase if unmanaged wastewater flooding continued.

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