Preventing and Treating Type 2 Diabetes Through a Physically Active Lifestyle

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond W. Leung ◽  
Jim Kamla ◽  
Man-Cheong Lee ◽  
Jennifer Y. Mak
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Physically Active

Daily Physical Activity Patterns of Children Living in an American Indian Community

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Brusseau ◽  
Pamela H. Kulinna ◽  
Catrine Tudor-Locke ◽  
Matthew Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
American Indian Community ◽  
Daily Activity Patterns

Background:Embracing a physically active lifestyle is especially important for American Indian (AI) children who are at a greater risk for hypokinetic diseases, particularly Type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to describe AI children’s pedometer-determined physical activity (PA) segmented into prominent daily activity patterns.Methods:Participants included 5th- and 6th-grade children (N = 77) attending school from 1 Southwestern US AI community. Children wore a pedometer (Yamax Digiwalker SW-200) for 7 consecutive days.Results:Boys accumulated 12,621 (±5385) steps/weekday and girls accumulated 11,640 (±3695) steps/weekday of which 38% (4,779 ± 1271) and 35% (4,027 ± 1285) were accumulated at school for boys and girls, respectively. Physical education (PE) provided the single largest source of PA during school for both boys (25% or 3117 steps/day) and girls (23% or 2638 steps/day). Lunchtime recess provided 1612 (13%) and 1241 (11%) steps/day for boys and girls, respectively. Children were significantly less active on weekend days, accumulating 8066 ± 1959 (boys) and 6676 ± 1884 (girls).Conclusions:Although children accumulate a majority of their steps outside of school, this study highlights the important contribution of PE to the overall PA accumulation of children living in AI communities. Further, PA programming during the weekend appears to be important for this population.

scholarly journals A Study Using Power Cycling on the Affective Responses of a Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training to Male Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes in Different Physical Activity Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Ruichen Jiang ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Haifeng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Power Cycling ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown in studies to enhance glucose management and cardiovascular well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we used power cycling to assess the physical activity levels of men with type 2 diabetes during a single low-volume HIIT session. First, fifty-six men with type 2 diabetes volunteered to take part in the study, and they were split into two groups based on the International Physical Activity Scale Short Form (IPA). To the first 1–4 labor bouts, both the sufficiently physically active and insufficiently physically active groups exhibited equal positive emotional reactions ( p > 0.05 ). However, over time (about 5–10 times), both of them showed reduced emotional reactions, with a significant difference ( p < 0.01 ). The insufficiently physically active group had lower mean emotional response, lowest effective response, and maximum effective response values than the sufficiently physically active group ( p < 0.001 ), while the difference in RPE between the two groups was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ). From the standpoint of emotional response, the proposed model shows that HIIT or reduced volume HIIT exercise prescriptions should be utilized with caution in physical activity programs for novices and less active and chronically sick persons. The frequency, intensity, and effects of low-volume HIIT on individuals’ emotional reactions and health conditions in the T2DM group are also investigated. Furthermore, this low-volume HIIT program can be successfully applied in the real-world setting of people who are not physically active enough or who are chronically unwell.

scholarly journals The Role of PGC-1α in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle - Revisited

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 2288-2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartlomiej Łukaszuk ◽  
Krzysztof Kurek ◽  
Agnieszka Mikłosz ◽  
Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska ◽  
Adrian Chabowski
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Currently, obesity is a predominant medical condition and an important risk factor for the development of several diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Importantly, most research has indicated lipid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscles is a key link between the aforementioned pathological conditions. PGC-1α is a prominent regulator of myocellular energy metabolism orchestrating gene transcription programming in response to numerous environmental stimuli. Moreover, it is widely acknowledged that mitochondrial metabolism (primary metabolic target of PGC-1α) disturbances are widely acknowledged contributors to type 2 diabetes development. Therefore, it seems surprising that the exact physiological contribution of PGC-1α in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. This review aims to reconcile these allegedly different findings by looking for a common denominator in the role(s) of PGC-1α in respect to lipid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Our scrutiny of the literature indicates that interventions at the level of PGC-1α may exert beneficial effects on myocytes in respect to lipid-induced insulin resistance. The latter takes place as a result of a positive net energy balance (fatty acids oxidation surpassing their accumulation rate). Moreover, the aforementioned effects may not necessarily be limited to physically active states. They seem to occur, however, only within a physiologically observed range in muscle cells (approximately 1-fold changes in PGC-1α protein expression).

Epidemiological evidence for the role of physical activity in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 1193-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari S. Bassuk ◽  
JoAnn E. Manson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Physically Active

Epidemiological studies suggest that physically active individuals have a 30–50% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes than do sedentary persons and that physical activity confers a similar risk reduction for coronary heart disease. Risk reductions are observed with as little as 30 min of moderate-intensity activity per day. Protective mechanisms of physical activity include the regulation of body weight; the reduction of insulin resistance, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and inflammation; and the enhancement of insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and fibrinolytic and endothelial function. Public health initiatives promoting moderate increases in physical activity may offer the best balance between efficacy and feasibility to improve metabolic and cardiovascular health in largely sedentary populations.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of Depression and Diabetes Distress in Type 2 Diabetes in Kuwait

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ebaa Al-Ozairi ◽  
Abdulla Al Ozairi ◽  
Clare Blythe ◽  
Etab Taghadom ◽  
Khalida Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Patient Health

This study is aimed at describing the prevalence of and risk factors for depression and diabetes distress in people with type 2 diabetes and whether depression and distress are independently associated with worse biomedical outcomes. The study was of cross-sectional design. The setting was the Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure the prevalence of depression, defined as a score≥10 (depression caseness). The Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) was used to measure diabetes-related distress. Data on biomedical outcomes, lifestyle factors, and sociodemographic information were collected. The prevalence of depression and diabetes distress caseness was 29% and 14%, respectively. Depression caseness patients were more likely to be female (60%; p=0.001), have Kuwaiti nationality (68%, p=0.121), were on insulin (67%, p=0.001), have higher body mass index (p=0.047), were less physically active (78%; p=0.034), have a higher PAID score (p<0.001), and have hypertension (74%, p=0.047). After adjustment of sociodemographics (age, gender, and marital status) and body mass index, the prevalence of depression was associated with higher HbA1c (B=0.04, 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.60), while diabetes distress had a weak association with HbA1c (B=0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.22). In conclusion, people with type 2 diabetes in Kuwait have a high prevalence of depression but lower diabetes distress and this was associated with worse glycaemic control.

The Influence of Physical Activity on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Youths: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Gutin ◽  
Scott Owens
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Physically Active

The purposes of this article were to (1): review recent studies of relations between physical activity and cardiometabolic biomarkers of youths (2); highlight areas in which additional research is needed; and (3) make recommendations for preventive interventions. Observational studies show that youths who engage in high amounts of moderate-vigorous physical activity display a more favorable cardiometabolic biomarker profile than youths who engage in lesser amounts of moderate-vigorous physical activity. Intervention studies in obese youths show that favorable changes in biomarkers are produced by moderate-vigorous physical activity doses of 150–180 min/week. However, for nonobese youths, intervention studies suggest that such doses are not effective; higher moderate-vigorous physical activity doses of approximately 300 min/week seem necessary. Continuing a physically active lifestyle from childhood into the adult years will enable people to maintain less end-organ damage and lower rates of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document