People With Type 2 Diabetes Can Have Healthy Muscle if Physically Active

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown in studies to enhance glucose management and cardiovascular well-being in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we used power cycling to assess the physical activity levels of men with type 2 diabetes during a single low-volume HIIT session. First, fifty-six men with type 2 diabetes volunteered to take part in the study, and they were split into two groups based on the International Physical Activity Scale Short Form (IPA). To the first 1–4 labor bouts, both the sufficiently physically active and insufficiently physically active groups exhibited equal positive emotional reactions ( p > 0.05 ). However, over time (about 5–10 times), both of them showed reduced emotional reactions, with a significant difference ( p < 0.01 ). The insufficiently physically active group had lower mean emotional response, lowest effective response, and maximum effective response values than the sufficiently physically active group ( p < 0.001 ), while the difference in RPE between the two groups was not statistically significant ( p > 0.05 ). From the standpoint of emotional response, the proposed model shows that HIIT or reduced volume HIIT exercise prescriptions should be utilized with caution in physical activity programs for novices and less active and chronically sick persons. The frequency, intensity, and effects of low-volume HIIT on individuals’ emotional reactions and health conditions in the T2DM group are also investigated. Furthermore, this low-volume HIIT program can be successfully applied in the real-world setting of people who are not physically active enough or who are chronically unwell.

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The Role of PGC-1α in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle - Revisited

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000438584 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 2288-2296 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Bartlomiej Łukaszuk ◽

Krzysztof Kurek ◽

Agnieszka Mikłosz ◽

Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska ◽

Adrian Chabowski

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Accumulation Rate ◽

Common Denominator ◽

Net Energy ◽

Physically Active ◽

Beneficial Effects

Currently, obesity is a predominant medical condition and an important risk factor for the development of several diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Importantly, most research has indicated lipid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscles is a key link between the aforementioned pathological conditions. PGC-1α is a prominent regulator of myocellular energy metabolism orchestrating gene transcription programming in response to numerous environmental stimuli. Moreover, it is widely acknowledged that mitochondrial metabolism (primary metabolic target of PGC-1α) disturbances are widely acknowledged contributors to type 2 diabetes development. Therefore, it seems surprising that the exact physiological contribution of PGC-1α in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. This review aims to reconcile these allegedly different findings by looking for a common denominator in the role(s) of PGC-1α in respect to lipid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Our scrutiny of the literature indicates that interventions at the level of PGC-1α may exert beneficial effects on myocytes in respect to lipid-induced insulin resistance. The latter takes place as a result of a positive net energy balance (fatty acids oxidation surpassing their accumulation rate). Moreover, the aforementioned effects may not necessarily be limited to physically active states. They seem to occur, however, only within a physiologically observed range in muscle cells (approximately 1-fold changes in PGC-1α protein expression).

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Preventing and Treating Type 2 Diabetes Through a Physically Active Lifestyle

Journal of Physical Education Recreation & Dance ◽

10.1080/07303084.2007.10598006 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 38-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Raymond W. Leung ◽

Jim Kamla ◽

Man-Cheong Lee ◽

Jennifer Y. Mak

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Active Lifestyle ◽

Physically Active

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Epidemiological evidence for the role of physical activity in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00160.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 1193-1204 ◽

Cited By ~ 380

Author(s):

Shari S. Bassuk ◽

JoAnn E. Manson

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽

Protective Mechanisms ◽

Physically Active

Epidemiological studies suggest that physically active individuals have a 30–50% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes than do sedentary persons and that physical activity confers a similar risk reduction for coronary heart disease. Risk reductions are observed with as little as 30 min of moderate-intensity activity per day. Protective mechanisms of physical activity include the regulation of body weight; the reduction of insulin resistance, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and inflammation; and the enhancement of insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and fibrinolytic and endothelial function. Public health initiatives promoting moderate increases in physical activity may offer the best balance between efficacy and feasibility to improve metabolic and cardiovascular health in largely sedentary populations.

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The Epidemiology of Depression and Diabetes Distress in Type 2 Diabetes in Kuwait

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/7414050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ebaa Al-Ozairi ◽

Abdulla Al Ozairi ◽

Clare Blythe ◽

Etab Taghadom ◽

Khalida Ismail

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Body Mass ◽

Diabetes Distress ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Physically Active ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Patient Health

This study is aimed at describing the prevalence of and risk factors for depression and diabetes distress in people with type 2 diabetes and whether depression and distress are independently associated with worse biomedical outcomes. The study was of cross-sectional design. The setting was the Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to measure the prevalence of depression, defined as a score≥10 (depression caseness). The Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) was used to measure diabetes-related distress. Data on biomedical outcomes, lifestyle factors, and sociodemographic information were collected. The prevalence of depression and diabetes distress caseness was 29% and 14%, respectively. Depression caseness patients were more likely to be female (60%; p=0.001), have Kuwaiti nationality (68%, p=0.121), were on insulin (67%, p=0.001), have higher body mass index (p=0.047), were less physically active (78%; p=0.034), have a higher PAID score (p<0.001), and have hypertension (74%, p=0.047). After adjustment of sociodemographics (age, gender, and marital status) and body mass index, the prevalence of depression was associated with higher HbA1c (B=0.04, 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.60), while diabetes distress had a weak association with HbA1c (B=0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.22). In conclusion, people with type 2 diabetes in Kuwait have a high prevalence of depression but lower diabetes distress and this was associated with worse glycaemic control.

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Spoken Animated Self-Management Video Messages Aimed at Improving Physical Activity in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Development and Interview Study

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/15397 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. e15397

Author(s):

Colette van het Schip ◽

Kei Long Cheung ◽

Stan Vluggen ◽

Ciska Hoving ◽

Nicolaas C Schaper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Behavior Change ◽

Positive Reinforcement ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Activity Level ◽

Self Management ◽

Behavior Change Techniques ◽

Physically Active

Background Web-based tailored interventions are a promising approach to help people with type 2 diabetes successfully adopt regular physical activity. Spoken animation seems to be effective regardless of the characteristics of the user and may be a relevant strategy to communicate complex health information Objective The objectives of our study were to evaluate (1) pretesting communication elements and user appreciation, and (2) the applied behavior change techniques of the previously designed spoken animated video messages in a tailored self-management program for people with type 2 diabetes. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from general practices located in different socioeconomic status urban neighborhoods. Based on the pretesting key communication elements of Salazar’s model, we asked participants about the spoken animated video messages’ attractiveness, comprehensibility, acceptance, believability, involvement, and relevance and to what extent the video messages motivated them to become more physically active. We also assessed participants’ intention to use the spoken animated video messages and to recommend them to others. To evaluate participants’ appreciation of the different applied behavior change techniques, we conducted a post hoc analysis of the qualitative data using the MAXQDA program. Transcripts were coded by 2 coders using iterative qualitative content analysis methods to uncover key health communication issues. Results Of 23 patients who expressed an interest in participating, 17 met the inclusion criteria and 15 took part in the interviews. The positive appreciation of the comprehensibility, believability, and personalization was supported by participants’ statements on behavior change techniques and other communication elements. Reinforcement of and feedback on participants’ answers were positively evaluated as was the simplicity and concreteness of the spoken animated video messages. Most participants indicated reasons for not feeling motivated to increase their physical activity level, including being already sufficiently physically active and the presence of other impeding health factors. Conclusions Spoken animated video messages should be simple, short, concrete, and without the use of medical terminology. Providing positive reinforcement, feedback on participants’ answers, examples that match user characteristics, and the possibility to identify with the animation figures will enhance involvement in the health message. To connect more with patients’ needs and thereby increase the perceived relevance of and motivation to use an animated video program, we suggest offering the program soon after diabetes mellitus is diagnosed. We recommend piloting behavior change techniques to identify potential resistance.

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The −250G>A Promoter Variant in Hepatic Lipase Associates with Elevated Fasting Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Modulated by Interaction with Physical Activity in a Study of 16,156 Danish Subjects

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2007-2815 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 2294-2299 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Niels Grarup ◽

Camilla H. Andreasen ◽

Mette K. Andersen ◽

Anders Albrechtsen ◽

Annelli Sandbæk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Hepatic Lipase ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Low Density ◽

Fasting Serum ◽

Physically Active ◽

Dutch Study

Abstract Context: Hepatic lipase plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein by involvement in reverse cholesterol transport and the formation of atherogenic small dense low-density lipoprotein. Objectives: The objective was to investigate the impact of variants in LIPC on metabolic traits and type 2 diabetes in a large sample of Danes. Because behavioral factors influence hepatic lipase activity, we furthermore examined possible gene-environment interactions in the population-based Inter99 study. Design: The LIPC −250G>A (rs2070895) variant was genotyped in the Inter99 study (n = 6070), the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment in People with Screen Detected Diabetes in Primary Care Denmark screening cohort of individuals with risk factors for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes (n = 8662), and in additional type 2 diabetic patients (n = 1,064) and glucose-tolerant control subjects (n = 360). Results: In the Inter99 study, the A allele of rs2070895 associated with a 0.057 mmol/liter [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.039–0.075] increase in fasting serum HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) (P = 8 × 10−10) supported by association in the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment in People with Screen Detected Diabetes in Primary Care study [0.038 mmol/liter per allele (95% CI 0.024–0.053); P = 2 × 10−7). The allelic effect on HDL-c was modulated by interaction with self-reported physical activity (Pinteraction = 0.002) because vigorous physically active homozygous A-allele carriers had a 0.30 mmol/liter (95% CI 0.22–0.37) increase in HDL-c compared with homozygous G-allele carriers. Conclusions: We validate the association of LIPC promoter variation with fasting serum HDL-c and present data supporting an interaction with physical activity implying an increased effect on HDL-c in vigorous physically active subjects carrying the −250 A allele. This interaction may have potential implications for public health and disease prevention.

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The Needs of Type 2 Diabetes Patients for Physical Activity Programming: A Qualitative Study at a Yogyakarta Hospital Clinic

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v13i4.1942 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Novita Intan Arovah ◽

Bernadeta Wara Kushartanti ◽

Tracy L Washington ◽

Kristiann C Heesch

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Health Educators ◽

Physically Active ◽

Physical Activity Recommendations ◽

Physical Activity Programs ◽

Study Participants ◽

Physical Activity Programming

Physical activity programs offered in Indonesian hospitals are often inadequate to help type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients meet international physical activity recommendations. This study aimed to identify T2D patients’ physical activity enablers and barriers, their preferences for, and experiences with, physical activity programming, with a view to developing future programs that are suited to these patients’ needs and preferences. Four focus groups were conducted with 28 patients (50% female) of the T2D clinic at the Local General Hospital of Yogyakarta. Discussions were thematically analysed in NVivo 10. The most reported types of physical activity were walking and participation in the hospital-based exercise program. Participants were motivated to be physically active for the health benefits and for social interactions. The main barriers to physical activity were a lack of enjoyment, the absence of knowledge about appropriate activities for T2D patients, and a shortage of time due to social and family obligations. Based on study participants’ preferences, future physical activity programs need to include educational components, regular clinical evaluations, consultations with health educators, and efforts to increase the reach of the programs. This study provides practical suggestions for physical activity programming that meet the needs of T2D patients in Indonesia.

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The Complex Interplay of Genetic and Lifestyle Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes: An Overview

Scientifica ◽

10.6064/2012/482186 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Paul W. Franks

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

European Ancestry ◽

Physically Active ◽

Modern Times ◽

Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Lifestyle Risk

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the scourges of modern times, with many millions of people affected by the disease. Diabetes occurs most frequently in those who are overweight or obese. However, not all overweight and obese persons develop diabetes, and there are those who develop the disease who are lean and physically active. Certain ethnicities, especially indigenous populations, are at considerably higher risk of obesity and diabetes than those of white European ancestry. The patterns and distributions of diabetes have led some to speculate that the disease is caused by interactions between genetic and obesogenic lifestyle factors. Whilst to many this is a plausible explanation, remarkably little reliable evidence exists to support it. In this review, an overview of published literature relating to genetic and lifestyle risk factors for T2D is provided. The review also describes the concepts and rationale that have motivated the view that gene-lifestyle interactions cause diabetes and overviews the empirical evidence published to date to support this hypothesis.

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