scholarly journals Source Reduction and the Waste Management Hierarchy

JAPCA ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Management Hierarchy

Integrated Waste Management: More than Just Landfills

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Tammemagi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Limited Life ◽  
Integrated Waste Management ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Year 2000

Just as a general fights a battle with tanks, infantry, artillery, and air support, the campaign against waste also requires an arsenal of many weapons. Instead of relying solely on landfills, as has been done since time immemorial, the industry is developing an integrated waste management strategy. The objective is to minimize impact on the environment by employing all possible waste management technologies—especially reduction/reuse/recycling and incineration—in addition to landfills. An integrated waste management strategy is required by law in many jurisdictions and is now being used in most North American communities. Most U.S. states, for example, have made recycling mandatory and have established goals for reducing waste per capita by 25% to 50% over a period of four to ten years. In Canada, a comprehensive waste reduction plan established in the province of Ontario in 1991 has the goal of reducing the amount of waste going to disposal by at least 50% per capita by the year 2000, compared to the base year of 1987. The goal is to be achieved through implementing the “three Rs”: reduction (10%), reuse (15%), and recycling (25%). Some jurisdictions have set even higher goals; for example, Seattle is aiming to reduce waste going to landfill by 60% by the year 2000. An integrated waste management plan follows the life cycle of consumer products from cradle to grave, seeking to maximize the useful life of the resources that are involved. A complete suite of elements that might be used in an integrated waste management system is illustrated in Figure 4.1, although any municipality may utilize only some of these. 1. Source reduction: The objective is to reduce the amount of waste that is created in the first place. This can be accomplished in a number of ways: purchasing products with minimal packaging; developing products that are more durable and easily repaired; substituting reusable products for disposable single-use products; or implementing tax and other economic measures to encourage producers to generate less waste and use fewer resources. For source reduction to have a significant impact, society needs to turn away from the current consumer preference for once-through, disposable, and limited-life products.

WASAN: A Methodology for Analysing Waste Minimisation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Shaw ◽  
Neil Blundell
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Management Guidance ◽  
Waste Minimisation ◽  
Management Hierarchy

This paper presents a new methodology called Waste And Source-matter ANalyses (WASAN) which helps a group to analyse waste-production and build actions to minimise avoidable waste. Designed for Licencees of nuclear facilities as Health and Safety Executive (HSE) Guidance on what constitutes good practice, WASAN uses lessons from Systems Thinking, Waste Management Hierarchy, Hazard Operability (HAZOP) Studies, As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP), simulation modelling and sensitivity analysis. These lessons are used to support groups when developing plans to reduce avoidable waste production. We report on the development of WASAN and its use in three workshops. This paper reports progress on the development of waste management guidance for the HSE and does not currently represent its final regulatory view.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED SUSTAINABLE ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR HIGHER INSTITUTIONS IN RIVERS STATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
AUDREY OPARA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Higher Institutions ◽  
Rivers State

High obsolescence rate and end-of-life of electronic equipment resulting in high generation of electronic waste remains the biggest challenge with use of ICT in higher institutions. This study evaluated and developed an environmentally sound E-waste management system for higher institutions in Rivers State. The study employed research surveys in data acquisition through questionnaires, interviews and observation. Hypotheses were postulated to test areas of interest. Study indicated that institutions generate a reasonably amount of electronic/ICT wastes that are poorly managed. Desktop computers, printers, laptops, UPSs, old CRT monitors, and printer cartridges are the majority generated and available E-waste in storage in these institutions. Results revealed that the level of awareness on hazardous nature of E-waste among the sampled population was significant. The level awareness on E-waste recycling among sampled population was also significant. There are no accurate records or inventory of ICT equipment procurement and E-waste generation and disposal in the institutions. Policies and programs on source reduction E-waste segregation and handling, facilities for E-waste recovery, recycling and reuse are practically not available in the institutions. The study concluded that there is no proper management and disposal of electronic/ICT waste in higher institutions in Rivers State. Significant numbers of respondents expressed the need for the institutions to establish an integrated electronic/ICT waste recycling center. An Integrated E-waste management system that will not only address the current poor E-waste management practices in the institutions but also achieve environmentally sound management of E-wastes in the institutions has been developed in the study.

scholarly journals Social Context of Solid Waste Disposal among Residents of Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Temitope A. Ogunweide
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Waste Handling

The study sought to assess the social context of solid waste disposal pattern of residents in Ibadan metropolis, in order to assess the Solid waste disposal patterns of people in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study identified solid waste disposal habits of residents, frequency of clearing the dumpsters, accessibility of waste dumpsters to people determines the waste disposal pattern of people; and analyze the willingness of people in Ibadan to pay for improved service. Solid waste management has been part of human activities right from time. Efforts by Oyo State Government is seen in the collection of dirt that have been placed on the medians. Waste generation is an unavoidable product of man activities, however, sustainable management of such waste is a challenge faced in many countries today. Nigeria, a developing country in Africa, has been in a quandary of how to efficiently manage the municipal solid waste its population generates. Many states in the country lack adequate plans and infrastructure required for efficient and sustainable management of municipal solid waste. For Ibadan, the largest city in Nigeria, the problem is further compounded by its rather large and still increasing population. In this research, Ibadan metropolis is taken as a case study; the rate of solid waste handling in households as regards solid waste management from household collection to final disposal are focused upon. The study found out that 45.6% drop their refuse in the dumpsters as 18.8% burns their refuse, 17.7% of the respondents drops their waste on the median, 12% in the drainage while 6% opts to drop their waste in the streams. On the effectiveness of the Private operators collecting waste from the respondents, the study found out that 7.6% effective, 37.5% of the respondents says the operators waste collection is poor, 7% says it is abysmal while 43.5% said it is not applicable to them because they do not have storage containers in their houses and as a result did not subscribe to their service. Many countries, particularly the developed ones, have employed options in the waste management hierarchy for sustainable management of their municipal solid waste and the blend of options employed is usually highly dependent on local factors. Following the waste management hierarchy, possible options for sustainable municipal solid waste management in Ibadan are discussed. It is concluded that waste reduction, reuse, and recycling are potential management options for the state. Landfilling will remain an important option for final disposal but reliance on this method could be significantly reduced if management options are exploited to the maximum in a sustainable solid waste management structure in Ibadan metropolis. Key Words: Waste handling, Ibadan Metropolis, Landfill, Municipal Solid Waste Word Count: 435

Studies on Integrated Waste Management in County Mehedinti

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ciobanu ◽  
Olimpia Ghermec ◽  
Ionela Gabriela Bucse
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Large Scale System ◽  
Integrated Waste Management ◽  
Land Filling

This paper studies the integrated waste management in Mehedinti county. Integrated waste management requires employing several waste control and disposal methods such as source reduction, recycling, re-use, incineration, and land filling, to minimize the environmental impact of commercial and industrial waste streams. Although integrated waste management is designed as a large-scale system, there are things you as an individual can do to support the system.

Waste Management Hierarchy

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Saleh S. Al Arni ◽  
Mahmoud M. Elwaheidi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Hierarchy

Net Energy and CO2 Emissions Analysis of Using MRF Residue as Solid Recovered Fuel at Coal Fired Power Plants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex C. Breckel ◽  
John R. Fyffe ◽  
Michael E. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
The U.S

According to the waste management hierarchy published by the U.S. EPA, waste reduction and reuse are the most preferred modes of waste management, followed by recycling, energy recovery and lastly disposal. As many communities in the U.S. work towards sustainable waste management practices, recycling tends to be a cost-effective and common solution for handling municipal solid waste. With the introduction of single-stream recycling and automated materials recovery facilities (MRFs), where commingled recyclables are sorted into various commodity streams for sale to recycling facilities, recycling rates have steadily climbed in recent years. Despite increasing total recycling rates, contamination and diminishing returns for higher recovery ratios causes MRFs to landfill 5–25% of the incoming recycling stream as residue. This residue stream is composed primarily of plastics and fiber, both of which have high energy content that could be recovered instead of buried in a landfill. Plastics in particular are reported to have heat contents similar to fossil fuels, making energy recovery a viable end-of-life pathway. Sorting, shredding and densifying the residue stream to form solid recovered fuel (SRF) pellets for use as an alternative fuel yields energy recovery, displaced fossil fuels and landfill avoidance, moving more disposed refuse up the waste management hierarchy. Previous studies have shown that plastic, paper, and plastic-paper mixes are well suited for conversion to SRF and combustion for energy production. However, these studies focused on relatively homogenous and predictable material streams. MRF residue is not homogenous and has only a moderate degree of predictability, and thus poses several technical challenges for conversion to SRF and for straightforward energy and emissions analysis. This research seeks to understand the energetic and environmental tradeoffs associated with converting MRF residue into SRF for co-firing in pulverized coal power plants. A technical analysis is presented that compares a residue-to-SRF scenario to a residue-to-landfill scenario to estimate non-obvious energy and emissions tradeoffs associated with this alternative end-of-life scenario for MRF residue. Sensitivity to key assumptions was analyzed by considering facility proximity, landfill gas capture efficiency, conversion ratio of residue to SRF and the mass of residue used. The results of this study indicate that the use of MRF residue derived SRF in coal fired steam-electricity power plants realizes meaningful reductions of emissions, primary energy consumption, coal use and landfill deposition.

Chemical/petrochemical wastewater management—past, present and future

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wesley Eckenfelder ◽  
A. J. Englande
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Environmental Management Systems ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Source Reduction ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Industrial Waste Management ◽  
Treatment Trends ◽  
Management Changes

This paper summarizes and evaluates past, current and expected actions concerning waste management in the chemical and petrochemical industries. Industrial waste management has evolved from an “end of pipe” treatment mentality to holistic environmental waste management with source reductions as the preferred option. In most cases significant costs savings have resulted and environmental and public health impacts minimized. This current thrust has resulted from recent regulatory actions. Future trends will require management changes. To be effective, the management approach selected must address the following issues: regulatory/legal considerations and trends; environmental management systems; toxicity measurement characterizations; ecotoxicity assessment evaluations; source reduction and waste minimization; treatment trends and innovative treatment techniques; residual management.

scholarly journals Demolished building waste management: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Sanil Kumar ◽  
Sethulakshmi Sanitha Shajan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Management Hierarchy ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Construction and demolition waste are the major issue as a direct consequence of increased global urbanization. It impacts the environmental efficiency of the construction industry, contributing to 35% of the global landfill. This research considers the two main fundamental factors affecting the demolished building waste management, which are the management hierarchy including the 3R strategies and the project life cycle and management tools. The inappropriate treatment and disposal of Construction and demolition waste give rise to the environmental pollution, land price, and natural resource consumption. This paper scrutinizes the concept of Construction and demolition waste management and review the extant studies in the managerial areas of Construction and demolition waste. These findings are aimed at clarifying the current and future practices of Construction and demolition waste management practices with an understanding for the sustainable governance. Keywords: Construction and demolition waste, management, review.

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