Reproductive phase dependent circadian variation in hypothalamic concentration of serotonin, dopamine and peripheral thyroxine levels in Japanese Quail following 5-HTP and L-DOPA administration at specific time intervals

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that protective zones appear recurrently at the initiation of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and that when shocks are delivered during protective zones, there can be a decrease in the defibrillation energy requirement. A total of 12 open-chest dogs were studied. Six dogs were included in protocol 1. After eight baseline pacing stimuli (S1) with cycle lengths of 300 ms, a strong premature stimulus (S2) (73 +/- 10 mA) was given to induce VF. In subsequent episodes, a second strong premature stimulus (S3) was given at progressively longer S2-S3 intervals in 20-ms increments. In protocol 2, we delivered unsuccessful defibrillation shocks via a transvenous defibrillation electrode placed in the right ventricular apex of six dogs. A second shock was then delivered to patch electrodes on the right ventricular outflow tract and the posterior wall of the left ventricle. The results of protocol 1 showed that the S3 terminated reentry and prevented VF only when it occurred at specific time intervals after the S2 (the protective zones). These protective zones appear recurrently up to 375 ms after the onset of VF. The results of protocol 2 showed that the total energy required for successful defibrillation was dependent on the interval between the first and second shocks. Intervals favoring effective defibrillation (protective zones) appeared recurrently for up to 280 ms after the first shock. When the second shock was delivered during a protective zone, the defibrillation energy requirement was decreased by up to 23% (from 13.1 +/- 2.0 to 10.1 +/- 1.8 J, P < 0.003). However, when the shock was delivered outside the protective zone, a significant increase in the defibrillation energy requirement was observed. We conclude that protective zones appear recurrently at the onset of VF and after unsuccessful defibrillation shocks.

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A Node Virtualization Scheme for Structured Overlay Networks Based on Multiple Different Time Intervals

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10238596 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (23) ◽

pp. 8596

Author(s):

Tomoya Kawakami

Keyword(s):

Overlay Networks ◽

Previous Method ◽

Sensor Data ◽

Specific Time ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Structured Overlay ◽

Physical Node ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Structured Overlay Networks ◽

Computer Node

Sensor data which relate to the specific geographical positions, areas, and time are strongly expected in IoT. The author has studied overlay networks to efficiently process interval queries which have specific time intervals and the actual users tend to request. However, unfairness and a concentration of the loads occur for the specific processing computer (node) in the previous method because the density of data or those generators/providers is different from those related values. In this paper, the author proposes the enhanced scheme for structured overlay networks based on multiple different time intervals. The proposed method uses node virtualization to equalize the loads of each real (physical) node. The simulation results showed that the proposed method can increase the fairness of the number of the assigned data among physical nodes.

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Constructing Geographic Dictionary from Streaming Geotagged Tweets

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi8050216 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 216 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jeongwoo Lim ◽

Naoko Nitta ◽

Kazuaki Nakamura ◽

Noboru Babaguchi

Keyword(s):

Geographic Information ◽

Time Interval ◽

Specific Time ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Text Format ◽

Short Text ◽

Spatial Locality ◽

Content Similarity ◽

Types Of Information

Geographic information, such as place names with their latitude and longitude (lat/long), is useful to understand what belongs where. Traditionally, Gazetteers, which are constructed manually by experts, are used as dictionaries containing such geographic information. Recently, since people often post about their current experiences in a short text format to microblogs, their geotagged (tagged with lat/long information) posts are aggregated to automatically construct geographic dictionaries containing more diverse types of information, such as local products and events. Generally, the geotagged posts are collected within a certain time interval. Then, the spatial locality of every word used in the collected geotagged posts is examined to obtain the local words, representing places, events, etc., which are observed at specific locations by the users. However, focusing on a specific time interval limits the diversity and accuracy of the extracted local words. Further, bot accounts in microblogs can largely affect the spatial locality of the words used in their posts. In order to handle such problems, we propose an online method for continuously update the geographic dictionary by adaptively determining suitable time intervals for examining the spatial locality of each word. The proposed method further filters out the geotagged posts from bot accounts based on the content similarity among their posts to improve the quality of extracted local words. The constructed geographic dictionary is compared with different geographic dictionaries constructed by experts, crowdsourcing, and automatically by focusing on a specific time interval to evaluate its quality.

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Induction of DPM Changes in Broiler Chickens and Characteristics of Myopathy Symptoms

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/v10213-012-0039-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 217-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jacek Kijowski ◽

Emilia Kupińska

Keyword(s):

Muscle Tissue ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Stress Factor ◽

Specific Time ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Pale Pink ◽

Breeding Management ◽

Intensive Breeding ◽

Stimulation Of

Abstract The aim of the study was to induce deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) lesions in 42 to 45-day-old broiler chickens of the Ross 308 and Flex genetic lines, kept under standard intensive breeding management conditions applied in Poland, and to assess the degree of myopathy. A total of 110 and 120 carcasses, respectively, were examined. The study method consisted of the exposure of the birds to a stress factor (forced wing flapping) at specific time intervals prior to slaughter and at different durations of the stress factor. As a result of the conducted experiment, DPM symptoms appeared in the examined chickens. The symptoms of the progressing anomaly were divided into four stages. The first stage was characterised by the occurrence of bloody extravasations, stage II was characterised by a pale pink colour of muscles, stage III - greening of the muscle tissue, while stage IV was connected with necrosis and white-grey-green colour of muscles. The application of the forced wing flapping several days before slaughter (1, 3 d) resulted in the incidence of earlier symptoms of myopathy - stages I and II. Stimulation of wing flapping 5, 7, and 14 d before slaughter caused subsequent DPM stages (i.e. stages III and IV). In the group of the youngest birds subjected to the stress factor at 21 d before slaughter, DPM lesions were not found. Moreover, the longer the duration (15-60 s) of the stress factor, the greater the intensity of this phenomenon was observed. Bilateral DPM symptoms occurred more frequently than unilateral symptoms. Recorded results show that increased wing flapping is a significant factor inducing DPM in 42 to 45-day-old broiler chickens. These investigations indicated a possibility to determine the degree of DPM lesions depending on the passage of time from the induction of the anomaly to the slaughter of birds.

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Przestrzenne i czasowe zróżnicowanie natężenia potoków pasażerskich w kolejowych połączeniach dojazdowych do Wrocławia

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG ◽

10.4467/2543859xpkg.20.010.12112 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 28-40

Author(s):

Wojciech Jurkowski

Keyword(s):

Regional Policy ◽

Railway Transport ◽

Specific Time ◽

Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Temporal Differentiation ◽

Passenger Volume ◽

Railway System ◽

Research Gap ◽

Railway Passenger

Spatial and temporal patterns of railway commuting to Wrocław The development and optimisation of the agglomeration and regional railway system is one of the basic challenges for the regional policy of the local government in Poland. There are many studies focusing on the problems of functioning of railway transport in agglomeration areas, however there are less studies dealing with the issue of demand for railway services during the day. It is a evident research gap. The main purpose of this article is to recognize the spatial and temporal differentiation of the railway passenger volume in Wrocław. The article presents the number of passengers arriving and departing from Wroclaw according to particular directions, and identifies peak hours based on the daily distribution of passenger volume in specific time intervals.

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Differences In The Effects On Human Focus Of Music Playlists And Personalized Soundscapes, As Measured By Brain Signals

10.1101/2021.04.02.438269 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aia Haruvi ◽

Ronen Kopito ◽

Noa Brande-Eilat ◽

Shai Kalev ◽

Eitan Kay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Young Adult ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Real Time ◽

Future Research ◽

Specific Time ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Brain Signals ◽

Individual Participant ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to learn what properties of sound affect human focus the most. Participants (N=62, 18-65y) performed various tasks while listening to either no background sound (silence), popular music playlists for increasing focus (pre-recorded songs), or personalized soundscapes (audio composed in real-time to increase a specific individual’s focus). While performing tasks on a tablet, participants wore headphones and brain signals were recorded using a portable electroencephalography headband. Participants completed four one-hour long sessions, each with different audio content, at home. We successfully generated brain-based models to predict individual participant focus levels over time and used these models to analyze the effects of various audio content during different tasks. We found that while participants were working, personalized soundscapes increased their focus significantly above silence (p=0.008), while music playlists did not have a significant effect. For the young adult demographic (18-36y), silence was significantly less effective at producing focus than audio content of any type tested (p=0.001-0.009). Personalized soundscapes enhanced focus the most relative to silence, but professionally crafted playlists of pre-recorded songs also increased focus during specific time intervals, especially for the youngest audience demographic. We also found that focus levels can be predicted from physical properties of sound, enabling human and artificial intelligence composers to test and refine audio to produce increases or decreases in listener focus with high temporal (millisecond) precision. Future research includes real-time adjustment of sound for other functional objectives, such as affecting listener enjoyment, calm, or memory.

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Methods compared for determining glutathione peroxidase activity in blood.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/33.4.539 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 539-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

B Faraji ◽

H K Kang ◽

J L Valentine

Keyword(s):

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Peroxidase Activity ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

The Other ◽

Specific Time ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Indirect Methods ◽

Blood Samples

Abstract We compared four methods for determination of glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activity, using blood samples from 52 healthy volunteers. Two methods depended on direct assay of the amount of glutathione remaining at specific time intervals; the two indirect methods involved measuring the rate of disappearance of NADPH. We assessed the precision and reproducibility of each method. One of the indirect assays proved to be far superior to the other methods. Results of each of the methods were correlated with one another. We present the normal reference intervals for glutathione peroxidase activity for all four methods.

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Access to care and patient satisfaction for surgically-treated breast cancer

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.17010 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 17010-17010

Author(s):

G. A. Porter ◽

J. M. Murdoch ◽

K. M. Inglis ◽

P. J. Veugelers

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Short Interval ◽

Time Interval ◽

Specific Time ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Satisfaction Questionnaire ◽

Younger Women ◽

Natural Logarithm ◽

Abnormal Mammogram

17010 Background: Although recent studies have described timeliness of breast cancer (BC) care and its impact on outcomes, there is little data on patient perception of timeliness. This study examined the association between clinicodemographic factors, timeliness and patient satisfaction for surgically-treated BC patients across defined intervals of diagnosis (Dx) and treatment. Methods: All patients undergoing surgery for primary BC within a single Health District over 24 months were enrolled in a prospective consecutive cohort study. A comprehensive, standardized method of ascertaining specific time intervals, including a patient interview, was used to quantify the timeliness of presentation, Dx and treatment. A validated satisfaction questionnaire was applied to patients 2 weeks after surgery, and following chemotherapy. Multiple linear regression, using the natural logarithm of the time interval as the dependant variable, was performed to examine the association of factors and satisfaction with specific time intervals. Results: Among the 519 patients in the study, 317 (61%) were screen-detected and 202 (39%) presented symptomatically. Complete satisfaction questionnaire responses were obtained in 348 (67%). The median time intervals in days (interquartile range) were: abnormal screen to Dx - 33 (21–48); symptoms to Dx 44 (23–97); Dx to surgery - 31 (22–43); surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy 63 (49–73). On multivariate analysis, the interval from presentation (either abnormal mammogram or symptoms) to Dx was 33% longer for screen-detected patients (p<0.0001) and 38% longer for patients where more than one diagnostic test was performed (p=0.009). Moderate correlation was identified between patient satisfaction and both the intervals from presentation to Dx (r2=0.212;p<0.0001) and from Dx to surgery (r2=0.262;p<0.0001). Controlling for the length of these intervals, younger women (p=0.01) and those with a Dx made via screening (p=0.004) had significantly lower satisfaction scores. Conclusions: The timeliness of care for BC involves several defined components; variations in the relatively short interval from Dx to surgery appeared to have most impact on patient satisfaction. Younger women and those diagnosed via screening were less satisfied with their access to timely care. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Thrombin Generation Assay: Use in Monitoring Treatment of Patients with Coagulation Factor Inhibitors.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v104.11.3087.3087 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 3087-3087

Author(s):

Aine N. McCormick ◽

Peter L. Turecek ◽

Katalin Varadi ◽

Geoffrey F. Savidge

Keyword(s):

Factor Viii ◽

Thrombin Generation ◽

Coagulation Factor ◽

Rational Approach ◽

Factor Viii Inhibitor ◽

Specific Time ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Monitoring Method ◽

Standard Curve ◽

Thrombin Generation Assay

Abstract Treatment of severe Haemophilia A relies upon the infusion of plasma derived or recombinant Factor VIII concentrates. The development of antibodies to these products is approximately 25–30% in severe cases and remains a major clinical challenge to management. Treatment in inhibitor cases with high antibody levels is based on the effect of products that bypass Factor VIII in the cascade and activate the common pathway either directly or through the extrinsic pathway. These include recombinant Factor VIIa and Factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity (FEIBA®). At present, the use and dosage of bypassing products is severely constrained by the current inability to measure directly their beneficial effect using a standardised assay, and clinical management rests exclusively upon clinical assessment. The thrombin generation assay (TGA) provides a convenient and reproducible method for quantifying thrombin produced following activation of the cascade, and is measured by means of monitoring a fluorescent residue that arises following cleavage of an artificial thrombin substrate. Through sequential measurements quantifiable kinetic data may be collated and assessed. We have used the TGA to assess thrombin generation in inhibitor patients using samples taken at specific time intervals from patients after administration of FEIBA (n=4) or rFVIIa (n=3) following informed consent. In a number of experiments, platelets from the patient’s pre-infusion platelet rich plasma (PRP) were added. Peakthrombin (nM), peaktime (min) and maximum initial rates of thrombin generation (nM/min) from each sample were quantified, and the maximum initial rates of thrombin generation were further processed using PKAnalyst® Pharamacokinetic Data Analysis software program to define one and two PK compartment elimination models following bolus injection. Thrombin generation parameters were found to persist at levels greater than those measured for the pre infusion samples for periods beyond 6 hours post FEIBA and for 2 hours post rFVIIa, prior to reinfusion of rFVIIa. In PK evaluation studies FEIBA was found to have a relative thrombin generation T1/2 of 1–3.7 hr using the one compartment model, while rFVIIa was found to have a relative thrombin generation T1/2 of 0–2.8 hr following a single infusion. A second infusion of rFVIIa gave a relative thrombin generation T1/2 of 1.2–1.8 hr suggesting a cumulative effect. The addition of platelets from pre-infusion PRP to the assay enhanced thrombin generation by approximately 30% in all samples studied. The TGA was also used to quantify the thrombin generation produced by FEIBA and rFVIIa in samples obtained at specific time intervals post treatment, using a pre infusion sample spiked with a range of FEIBA/rFVIIa concentrations to generate a standard curve. This standard curve was then used to estimate the relative FEIBA/rFVIIa concentrations in the post infusion samples with and without the addition of platelets. We consider that the use of the TGA in this clinical setting demonstrates its value as a monitoring method highly effective for providing a rational approach to dosage adjustments of FEIBA/rFVIIa in the treatment of patients with FVIII inhibitors. This valuable analytical means for monitoring FVIII bypassing treatment is of considerable relevance in relation to surgery and the management of acute bleeds in this patient category.

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The Influence of Chloride and Nitrite Solution Exposure on Mechanical Properties of Industrially Produced Plaster Mixtures

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.824.145 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 824 ◽

pp. 145-150

Author(s):

Jaroslav Pokorný ◽

Milena Pavlíková ◽

Zbyšek Pavlík

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Building Materials ◽

Water Solution ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Specific Time ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Humid Environment ◽

Chloride Water ◽

Reference Environment

Lime and cement-lime industrially produced dry plaster mixtures are widely used building materials. These surface treatments can come into the contact with salt solutions which cause their degradation. On this account, the influence of calcium nitrate and calcium chloride water solution exposure on mechanical properties of several commercially produced mortars is researched in the paper. The prismatic specimens having dimensions of 40/40/160 mm are cured 28 days in humid environment. Then, the studied specimens are stored 112 days in both salt solutions and reference environment of distilled water. At specific time intervals, the compressive and bending strengths are measured and the obtained data are discussed.

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