scholarly journals Induction of DPM Changes in Broiler Chickens and Characteristics of Myopathy Symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Kijowski ◽  
Emilia Kupińska
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stress Factor ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pale Pink ◽  
Breeding Management ◽  
Intensive Breeding ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract The aim of the study was to induce deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) lesions in 42 to 45-day-old broiler chickens of the Ross 308 and Flex genetic lines, kept under standard intensive breeding management conditions applied in Poland, and to assess the degree of myopathy. A total of 110 and 120 carcasses, respectively, were examined. The study method consisted of the exposure of the birds to a stress factor (forced wing flapping) at specific time intervals prior to slaughter and at different durations of the stress factor. As a result of the conducted experiment, DPM symptoms appeared in the examined chickens. The symptoms of the progressing anomaly were divided into four stages. The first stage was characterised by the occurrence of bloody extravasations, stage II was characterised by a pale pink colour of muscles, stage III - greening of the muscle tissue, while stage IV was connected with necrosis and white-grey-green colour of muscles. The application of the forced wing flapping several days before slaughter (1, 3 d) resulted in the incidence of earlier symptoms of myopathy - stages I and II. Stimulation of wing flapping 5, 7, and 14 d before slaughter caused subsequent DPM stages (i.e. stages III and IV). In the group of the youngest birds subjected to the stress factor at 21 d before slaughter, DPM lesions were not found. Moreover, the longer the duration (15-60 s) of the stress factor, the greater the intensity of this phenomenon was observed. Bilateral DPM symptoms occurred more frequently than unilateral symptoms. Recorded results show that increased wing flapping is a significant factor inducing DPM in 42 to 45-day-old broiler chickens. These investigations indicated a possibility to determine the degree of DPM lesions depending on the passage of time from the induction of the anomaly to the slaughter of birds.

scholarly journals Effects of Selected Prebiotics or Synbiotics Administered in ovo on Lymphocyte Subsets in Bursa of the Fabricius, Thymus, and Spleen in Non-Immunized and Immunized Chicken Broilers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Marianna Szczypka ◽  
Agnieszka Suszko-Pawłowska ◽  
Maciej Kuczkowski ◽  
Michał Gorczykowski ◽  
Magdalena Lis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis Subsp ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics on the lymphocyte subsets of the lymphoid organs in non-immunized 7-day-old broiler chickens and in non-immunized, sheep red blood cells (SRBC)-immunized, and dextran (DEX)-immunized 21- and 35-day-old birds were studied. The substances were injected on the 12th day of egg incubation: Prebiotic1 group (Pre1) with a solution of inulin, Prebiotic2 group (Pre2) with a solution of Bi2tos (non-digestive transgalacto-oligosaccharides), Synbiotic1 group (Syn1) with inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1, and Synbiotic2 group (Syn2) with Bi2tos and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1. In 7-day-old chicks, a decrease in T splenocytes was noticed in all groups. The most pronounced effect in 21- and 35-day-old birds was an increase in TCRγδ+ cells in Syn1 and Syn2 groups. A decrease in bursal B cells was observed in DEX-immunized Pre1 group (21-day-old birds), and in the Syn1 group in non-immunized and SRBC-immunized 35-day-old birds. An increase in double-positive lymphocytes was observed in Pre1 (35-day-old birds) and Pre2 (immunized 21-day-old birds) groups. In Pre1 and Syn1 groups (21- and 35-day-old), an increase in B splenocytes and a decrease in T splenocytes were observed. We concluded that Syn1 was the most effective in the stimulation of the chicken immune system.

scholarly journals Nature of the stimulation of biogenesis of cholesterol in the liver by noradrenaline

1977 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
R George ◽  
T Ramasarma
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Coa Reductase ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Administration of noradrenaline increased the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into hepatic sterols and the activity of liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. 2. The stimulation was observed at short time-intervals with a maximum at 4h and was progressive with increasing concentrations of noradrenaline. 3. Protein synthesis de novo was a necessary factor for the effect. 4. The stimulatory effect was not mediated through the adrenergic receptors, but appears to involve a direct action of the hormone within the hepatocyte.

scholarly journals Dynamics of individual indicators of protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens on the background of combined stress when included in the diet “Reasil Humic Vet” + “Laktin” and “Reasil Humic Health”

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
V. G. Stoyanovskyy ◽  
M. O. Shevchuk ◽  
I. A. Kolomiiets ◽  
V. A. Kolotnytskyy
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Stress Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Γ Globulins

The body of  broiler chickens is characterized by a high metabolism, which promotes rapid growth and development, but their performance indicators are largely related to housing conditions, which are known to include a number of technological stressors. With the development of stress in the body of poultry changes the course of metabolic processes, which causes changes in all types of metabolism, including protein. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in individual indicators of protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens against the background of combined stress when included in the diet “Reasil Humic Vet” + “Laktin” and “Reasil Humic Health”. At 13th day of life, all clinically healthy poultry were exposed to combined stress – revaccination (intranasal Newcastle disease) plus cold stress (for 60 minutes by air conditioning and 5 °C in the vivarium). Material for research was selected for 3 days after the action of the stress factor (stage of anxiety), 13, 20 and 26 days after the action of the stress factor (the resistance stage). The material for the study was blood plasma, which determined the concentration of total protein, as well as the content of albumin, globulin fraction (α1, α2, β, γ). It was found that 3 days after the action of stress in chickens of Control group the development of adaptive reactions is manifested by the stability of the total protein content and redistribution of the fractional composition of plasma globulins in the form of increased albumin and α2-globulins. At different stages of development of the stage of resistance in birds of Control group, the content of total protein decreases by an average of 14.6 % due to the content of albumin by 6.9 % and α2-globulins – by 15.9 %, against the background of increasing α1- and γ-globulins by 23.1 and 33.5 % with the stabilization of individual studied indicators at the final stages of development of the resistance stage. The use in the diet of broilers feed “Reasil Humic Vet”, probiotic feed supplement “Laktin”, feed “Reasil Humic Health” under the influence of complex stress helps to increase the intensity of protein metabolism in poultry with the development of adaptation syndrome, as evidenced by the growth of total protein on average by 37.8 % (P < 0.05) and albumin – by 17.0 % (P < 0.05), which indicates an increase in the intensity of protein-synthesizing properties of the organism. In different periods of stress in the blood of broiler chickens Research groups there is an increase in the ratio of individual protein fractions, especially the content of γ-globulins - an average of 21.3 % (P < 0.05), which indicates an increase in the immune status of their body with a predominance of numerical values in the Research 1 group of poultry.

scholarly journals Biophysicochemical changes that occur in fish during different stages of traditional processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (58) ◽  
pp. 7840-7852
Author(s):  
F Ajani ◽  
◽  
VO Adetunji ◽  
JO Oyedokun ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Fish Muscles ◽  
Processing Line ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

Smoking in Nigeria is the most affordable and widely used traditional fish processing method aimed at preserving or reducing losses. However, smoked fish can be a source of microbial hazard. This study assessed the biophysicochemical changes of fish muscles along the processing line of Oreochromis niloticus in Eleyele lake. A Structured questionnaire was administered to the fish processors in order to identify the procedural processing line of their fish. Microbial assay was done for total aerobic bacteria, enterobacteriacea, and salmonella counts. Nine processing stages identified in fish processing include: Stage 1- unwashed fish muscle tissue; Stage II- washed fish muscle tissue (washed, scalded, eviscerated and washed again); Stage III- Salted fish at 28.9 0 C; Stage IV- Salted Fish in the smoking kiln after 30 minutes at 75 0 C (temperature of smoking flame); Stage V - Salt ed fish in the smoking kiln after 1hr at 76 0 C; Stage VI- Salted fish in the smoking kiln after 1hr 30min. 65 o C; Stage VII- Salted fish in the smoking kiln after 2hr at 40 0 C; Stage VIII -Salted fish in basket after 24hrs of storage; and Stage IX- Salted fish in basket after 48hrs of storage at 26-28 o C ambient temperature. A significant increase (P<0.05) was recorded in total aerobic plate count (TAPCs) from stage I (7.42CFU /g) to II (12.00CFU/g) when the tilapia fish was washed using the water from the lake, scalded and eviscerated. The reverse was the case with the enterobacteriaea counts (EC). At stage III, where salt was sprinkled on the fish, a significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in the TAPCs from 12.00+0.00CFU/g to 9.17+3.22CFU/g. Also, a significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in all the counts in the first 30 minutes of smoking (stage IV) when the temperature rose from 28.9 0 C to 75 0 C. Furthermore, a significant decrease (P<0.05) was recorded only in the TAPC while a significant increase (P<0.05) was observed in EC and Salmonella counts. A significant increase in TAPCs was observed during storage from 7.56 +0.10CFU/g (stage 7) to 12.0+0.00CFU/g (stage 8) while a significant increase (P<0.05) was observed in ECs from stage 8 to 9. Significant differences (P<0.05) were obtained for zinc, manganese, iron along the processing line, but Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel and Copper showed no significant differences. This study showed significant changes in the biological, physical and chemical changes of fish muscles along the processing line of Tilapia. The implications and public health concerns are hereby discussed.

Recurrent appearance of protective zones after an unsuccessful defibrillation shock

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. H1491-H1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hwang ◽  
W. Fan ◽  
P. S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cycle Lengths ◽  
Right Ventricular Apex ◽  
The Right

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that protective zones appear recurrently at the initiation of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and that when shocks are delivered during protective zones, there can be a decrease in the defibrillation energy requirement. A total of 12 open-chest dogs were studied. Six dogs were included in protocol 1. After eight baseline pacing stimuli (S1) with cycle lengths of 300 ms, a strong premature stimulus (S2) (73 +/- 10 mA) was given to induce VF. In subsequent episodes, a second strong premature stimulus (S3) was given at progressively longer S2-S3 intervals in 20-ms increments. In protocol 2, we delivered unsuccessful defibrillation shocks via a transvenous defibrillation electrode placed in the right ventricular apex of six dogs. A second shock was then delivered to patch electrodes on the right ventricular outflow tract and the posterior wall of the left ventricle. The results of protocol 1 showed that the S3 terminated reentry and prevented VF only when it occurred at specific time intervals after the S2 (the protective zones). These protective zones appear recurrently up to 375 ms after the onset of VF. The results of protocol 2 showed that the total energy required for successful defibrillation was dependent on the interval between the first and second shocks. Intervals favoring effective defibrillation (protective zones) appeared recurrently for up to 280 ms after the first shock. When the second shock was delivered during a protective zone, the defibrillation energy requirement was decreased by up to 23% (from 13.1 +/- 2.0 to 10.1 +/- 1.8 J, P < 0.003). However, when the shock was delivered outside the protective zone, a significant increase in the defibrillation energy requirement was observed. We conclude that protective zones appear recurrently at the onset of VF and after unsuccessful defibrillation shocks.

scholarly journals A Node Virtualization Scheme for Structured Overlay Networks Based on Multiple Different Time Intervals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8596
Author(s):  
Tomoya Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Overlay Networks ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Structured Overlay ◽  
Physical Node ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Structured Overlay Networks ◽  
Computer Node

Sensor data which relate to the specific geographical positions, areas, and time are strongly expected in IoT. The author has studied overlay networks to efficiently process interval queries which have specific time intervals and the actual users tend to request. However, unfairness and a concentration of the loads occur for the specific processing computer (node) in the previous method because the density of data or those generators/providers is different from those related values. In this paper, the author proposes the enhanced scheme for structured overlay networks based on multiple different time intervals. The proposed method uses node virtualization to equalize the loads of each real (physical) node. The simulation results showed that the proposed method can increase the fairness of the number of the assigned data among physical nodes.

scholarly journals Constructing Geographic Dictionary from Streaming Geotagged Tweets

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongwoo Lim ◽  
Naoko Nitta ◽  
Kazuaki Nakamura ◽  
Noboru Babaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Information ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Text Format ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Spatial Locality ◽  
Content Similarity ◽  
Types Of Information

Geographic information, such as place names with their latitude and longitude (lat/long), is useful to understand what belongs where. Traditionally, Gazetteers, which are constructed manually by experts, are used as dictionaries containing such geographic information. Recently, since people often post about their current experiences in a short text format to microblogs, their geotagged (tagged with lat/long information) posts are aggregated to automatically construct geographic dictionaries containing more diverse types of information, such as local products and events. Generally, the geotagged posts are collected within a certain time interval. Then, the spatial locality of every word used in the collected geotagged posts is examined to obtain the local words, representing places, events, etc., which are observed at specific locations by the users. However, focusing on a specific time interval limits the diversity and accuracy of the extracted local words. Further, bot accounts in microblogs can largely affect the spatial locality of the words used in their posts. In order to handle such problems, we propose an online method for continuously update the geographic dictionary by adaptively determining suitable time intervals for examining the spatial locality of each word. The proposed method further filters out the geotagged posts from bot accounts based on the content similarity among their posts to improve the quality of extracted local words. The constructed geographic dictionary is compared with different geographic dictionaries constructed by experts, crowdsourcing, and automatically by focusing on a specific time interval to evaluate its quality.

scholarly journals Transcriptional insights into key genes and pathways controlling muscle lipid metabolism in broiler chickens

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Liu ◽  
Xiaojing Liu ◽  
Huanxian Cui ◽  
Ranran Liu ◽  
Guiping Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Pectoralis Muscle ◽  
Steroid Biosynthesis ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Ppar Signaling ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Key Pathways

Abstract Background Intramuscular fat (IMF) is one of the most important factors positively associated with meat quality. Triglycerides (TGs), as the main component of IMF, play an essential role in muscle lipid metabolism. This transcriptome analysis of pectoralis muscle tissue aimed to identify functional genes and biological pathways likely contributing to the extreme differences in the TG content of broiler chickens. Results The study included Jingxing-Huang broilers that were significantly different in TG content (5.81 mg/g and 2.26 mg/g, p < 0.01) and deposition of cholesterol also showed the same trend. This RNA sequencing analysis was performed on pectoralis muscle samples from the higher TG content group (HTG) and the lower TG content group (LTG) chickens. A total of 1200 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between two groups, of which 59 DEGs were related to TG and steroid metabolism. The HTG chickens overexpressed numerous genes related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in pectoralis muscle tissue, including the key genes ADIPOQ, CD36, FABP4, FABP5, LPL, SCD, PLIN1, CIDEC and PPARG, as well as genes related to steroid biosynthesis (DHCR24, LSS, MSMO1, NSDHL and CH25H). Additionally, key pathways related to lipid storage and metabolism (the steroid biosynthesis and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway) may be the key pathways regulating differential lipid deposition between HTG group and LTG group. Conclusions This study showed that increased TG deposition accompanying an increase in steroid synthesis in pectoralis muscle tissue. Our findings of changes in gene expression of steroid biosynthesis and PPAR signaling pathway in HTG and LTG chickens provide insight into genetic mechanisms involved in different lipid deposition patterns in pectoralis muscle tissue.

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