scholarly journals Przestrzenne i czasowe zróżnicowanie natężenia potoków pasażerskich w kolejowych połączeniach dojazdowych do Wrocławia

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Wojciech Jurkowski
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Temporal Differentiation ◽  
Passenger Volume ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Railway Passenger

Spatial and temporal patterns of railway commuting to Wrocław The development and optimisation of the agglomeration and regional railway system is one of the basic challenges for the regional policy of the local government in Poland. There are many studies focusing on the problems of functioning of railway transport in agglomeration areas, however there are less studies dealing with the issue of demand for railway services during the day. It is a evident research gap. The main purpose of this article is to recognize the spatial and temporal differentiation of the railway passenger volume in Wrocław. The article presents the number of passengers arriving and departing from Wroclaw according to particular directions, and identifies peak hours based on the daily distribution of passenger volume in specific time intervals.

scholarly journals Interactive effects between travel behaviour and COVID-19: a questionnaire study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbao Zhang ◽  
Jaeyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Passenger Volume ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study has two main objectives: (i) to analyse the effect of travel characteristics on the spreading of disease, and (ii) to determine the effect of COVID-19 on travel behaviour at the individual level. First, the study analyses the effect of passenger volume and the proportions of different modes of travel on the spread of COVID-19 in the early stage. The developed spatial autoregressive model shows that total passenger volume and proportions of air and railway passenger volumes are positively associated with the cumulative confirmed cases. Second, a questionnaire is analysed to determine changes in travel behaviour after COVID-19. The results indicate that the number of total trips considerably decreased. Public transport usage decreased by 20.5%, while private car usage increased by 6.4%. Then the factors affecting the changes in travel behaviour are analysed by logit models. The findings reveal significant factors, including gender, occupation and travel restriction. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for management and control of traffic during a pandemic.

Recurrent appearance of protective zones after an unsuccessful defibrillation shock

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. H1491-H1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hwang ◽  
W. Fan ◽  
P. S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cycle Lengths ◽  
Right Ventricular Apex ◽  
The Right

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that protective zones appear recurrently at the initiation of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and that when shocks are delivered during protective zones, there can be a decrease in the defibrillation energy requirement. A total of 12 open-chest dogs were studied. Six dogs were included in protocol 1. After eight baseline pacing stimuli (S1) with cycle lengths of 300 ms, a strong premature stimulus (S2) (73 +/- 10 mA) was given to induce VF. In subsequent episodes, a second strong premature stimulus (S3) was given at progressively longer S2-S3 intervals in 20-ms increments. In protocol 2, we delivered unsuccessful defibrillation shocks via a transvenous defibrillation electrode placed in the right ventricular apex of six dogs. A second shock was then delivered to patch electrodes on the right ventricular outflow tract and the posterior wall of the left ventricle. The results of protocol 1 showed that the S3 terminated reentry and prevented VF only when it occurred at specific time intervals after the S2 (the protective zones). These protective zones appear recurrently up to 375 ms after the onset of VF. The results of protocol 2 showed that the total energy required for successful defibrillation was dependent on the interval between the first and second shocks. Intervals favoring effective defibrillation (protective zones) appeared recurrently for up to 280 ms after the first shock. When the second shock was delivered during a protective zone, the defibrillation energy requirement was decreased by up to 23% (from 13.1 +/- 2.0 to 10.1 +/- 1.8 J, P < 0.003). However, when the shock was delivered outside the protective zone, a significant increase in the defibrillation energy requirement was observed. We conclude that protective zones appear recurrently at the onset of VF and after unsuccessful defibrillation shocks.

scholarly journals Analysis of influencing factors of civil aviation passenger volume in multi airport area: case study on Yangtze River Delta

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 10028
Author(s):  
Zhen HONG ◽  
Wei WEI
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Passenger Volume ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
The Yangtze River Delta

In order to analyse the main influencing factors of civil aviation passenger transport volume in multi Airport area. Correlation analysis, stepwise linear regression analysis and Grainger causality test were used to analyse the influence factors of civil aviation passenger traffic volume, to eliminate the invalid factors, a regression model is established to analyse the causal relationship between the various factors and air passenger volume. Through the analysis of the Yangtze River Delta region, it is concluded that the number of inbound tourists, the railway mileage and the volume of railway passenger transport are the main factors affecting the Yangtze River Delta region. Through the Grainger causality test, the air passenger volume of the Yangtze River Delta has one-way influence on the railway passenger traffic volume.

scholarly journals A Node Virtualization Scheme for Structured Overlay Networks Based on Multiple Different Time Intervals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8596
Author(s):  
Tomoya Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Overlay Networks ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Structured Overlay ◽  
Physical Node ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Structured Overlay Networks ◽  
Computer Node

Sensor data which relate to the specific geographical positions, areas, and time are strongly expected in IoT. The author has studied overlay networks to efficiently process interval queries which have specific time intervals and the actual users tend to request. However, unfairness and a concentration of the loads occur for the specific processing computer (node) in the previous method because the density of data or those generators/providers is different from those related values. In this paper, the author proposes the enhanced scheme for structured overlay networks based on multiple different time intervals. The proposed method uses node virtualization to equalize the loads of each real (physical) node. The simulation results showed that the proposed method can increase the fairness of the number of the assigned data among physical nodes.

scholarly journals Constructing Geographic Dictionary from Streaming Geotagged Tweets

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongwoo Lim ◽  
Naoko Nitta ◽  
Kazuaki Nakamura ◽  
Noboru Babaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Information ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Text Format ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Spatial Locality ◽  
Content Similarity ◽  
Types Of Information

Geographic information, such as place names with their latitude and longitude (lat/long), is useful to understand what belongs where. Traditionally, Gazetteers, which are constructed manually by experts, are used as dictionaries containing such geographic information. Recently, since people often post about their current experiences in a short text format to microblogs, their geotagged (tagged with lat/long information) posts are aggregated to automatically construct geographic dictionaries containing more diverse types of information, such as local products and events. Generally, the geotagged posts are collected within a certain time interval. Then, the spatial locality of every word used in the collected geotagged posts is examined to obtain the local words, representing places, events, etc., which are observed at specific locations by the users. However, focusing on a specific time interval limits the diversity and accuracy of the extracted local words. Further, bot accounts in microblogs can largely affect the spatial locality of the words used in their posts. In order to handle such problems, we propose an online method for continuously update the geographic dictionary by adaptively determining suitable time intervals for examining the spatial locality of each word. The proposed method further filters out the geotagged posts from bot accounts based on the content similarity among their posts to improve the quality of extracted local words. The constructed geographic dictionary is compared with different geographic dictionaries constructed by experts, crowdsourcing, and automatically by focusing on a specific time interval to evaluate its quality.

scholarly journals Induction of DPM Changes in Broiler Chickens and Characteristics of Myopathy Symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Kijowski ◽  
Emilia Kupińska
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stress Factor ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pale Pink ◽  
Breeding Management ◽  
Intensive Breeding ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract The aim of the study was to induce deep pectoral myopathy (DPM) lesions in 42 to 45-day-old broiler chickens of the Ross 308 and Flex genetic lines, kept under standard intensive breeding management conditions applied in Poland, and to assess the degree of myopathy. A total of 110 and 120 carcasses, respectively, were examined. The study method consisted of the exposure of the birds to a stress factor (forced wing flapping) at specific time intervals prior to slaughter and at different durations of the stress factor. As a result of the conducted experiment, DPM symptoms appeared in the examined chickens. The symptoms of the progressing anomaly were divided into four stages. The first stage was characterised by the occurrence of bloody extravasations, stage II was characterised by a pale pink colour of muscles, stage III - greening of the muscle tissue, while stage IV was connected with necrosis and white-grey-green colour of muscles. The application of the forced wing flapping several days before slaughter (1, 3 d) resulted in the incidence of earlier symptoms of myopathy - stages I and II. Stimulation of wing flapping 5, 7, and 14 d before slaughter caused subsequent DPM stages (i.e. stages III and IV). In the group of the youngest birds subjected to the stress factor at 21 d before slaughter, DPM lesions were not found. Moreover, the longer the duration (15-60 s) of the stress factor, the greater the intensity of this phenomenon was observed. Bilateral DPM symptoms occurred more frequently than unilateral symptoms. Recorded results show that increased wing flapping is a significant factor inducing DPM in 42 to 45-day-old broiler chickens. These investigations indicated a possibility to determine the degree of DPM lesions depending on the passage of time from the induction of the anomaly to the slaughter of birds.

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