Study of non-revenue water status and enforcement measures to reduce water loss: case study in villages of Kermanshah Province of Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Alireza Mousavi ◽  
Iraj Shahbazi ◽  
Hosna Janjani ◽  
Rastegar Veysinejad ◽  
Ali Asgar Sobhani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Reduce Water Loss

Identifying the appropriate time band to determine the minimum night flow: a case study in Kinta Valley, Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-336
Author(s):  
Mohd Nordin Adlan ◽  
Jaber M. A. Alkasseh ◽  
Hj. Ismail Abustan ◽  
Abu Bakar Mohamad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
The State ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minimum Night Flow ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Time Band

The average percentages of non-revenue water (NRW) for Malaysia and for the state of Perak in 2010 were 36.37 and 29.44%, respectively. These average percentages have led to lower income generation. This could create constraints on maintenance and operation of water reticulation systems. In this study, the appropriate time band of minimum night flow (MNF) and the actual water loss or amount of NRW for the district of Kinta in Perak, Malaysia were investigated. Flow and pressure in 361 zones in Perak were monitored for 24 h using PrimeWorks software. From the 361 zones, 30 study zones were randomly selected. The 30 study zones were geographically divided into three groups, with each group having 10 zones. Statistically, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the variations in MNF among the three groups. The data of the flow for the 30 zones were screened from 1:00 to 5:00 am for the past 4 years. The frequency of MNF occurrences was analyzed every 15 min. The results show that the majority (84.2%) of the frequencies of MNF occurrences in the 30 study areas occurred from 2:15 to 4:15 am, whereas minimum frequencies were observed at 1:00, 1:15, and 5:00 am.

Employment of artificial neural networks for non-invasive estimation of leaf water status using color features: a case study in Spathiphyllum wallisii

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Taheri-Garavand ◽  
Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad ◽  
Dimitrios Fanourakis ◽  
Soodabeh Fatahi ◽  
Masoumeh Ahmadi Majd
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Color Features ◽  
Artificial Neural

scholarly journals Incorporating Ecosystem Services in the Assessment of Water Framework Directive Programmes of Measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Souliotis ◽  
Nikolaos Voulvoulis
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Water Framework Directive ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Ecological Objectives ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe EU Water Framework Directive requires the development of management responses aimed towards improving water quality as a result of improving ecosystem health (system state). Ecosystems have potential to supply a range of services that are of fundamental importance to human well-being, health, livelihoods and survival, and their capacity to supply these services depends on the ecosystem condition (its structure and processes). According to the WFD, Programmes of Measures should be developed to improve overall water status by reducing anthropogenic catchment pressures to levels compatible with the achievement of the ecological objectives of the directive, and when designed and implemented properly should improve the ecological condition of aquatic ecosystems that the delivery of ecosystem services depends on. Monitoring and evaluation of implemented measures are crucial for assessing their effectiveness and creating the agenda for consecutive planning cycles. Considering the challenges of achieving water status improvements, and the difficulties of communicating these to the wider public, we develop a framework for the evaluation of measures cost-effectiveness that considers ecosystem services as the benefits from the reduction of pressures on water bodies. We demonstrate its application through a case study and discuss its potential to facilitate the economic analysis required by the directive, and that most European water authorities had problems with. Findings demonstrate the potential of the methodology to effectively incorporate ecosystem services in the assessment of costs and benefits of proposed actions, as well as its potential to engage stakeholders.

scholarly journals Influence of Anthropogenic Loads on Surface Water Status: A Case Study in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4341
Author(s):  
Laima Česonienė ◽  
Daiva Šileikienė ◽  
Vitas Marozas ◽  
Laura Čiteikė
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Agricultural Pollution ◽  
Good Ecological Status ◽  
Water Catchment ◽  
Lake Basins

Twenty-six water bodies and 10 ponds were selected for this research. Anthropogenic loads were assessed according to pollution sources in individual water catchment basins. It was determined that 50% of the tested water bodies had Ntotal values that did not correspond to the good and very good ecological status classes, and 20% of the tested water bodies had Ptotal values that did not correspond to the good and very good ecological status classes. The lake basins and ponds received the largest amounts of pollution from agricultural sources with total nitrogen at 1554.13 t/year and phosphorus at 1.94 t/year, and from meadows and pastures with total nitrogen at 9.50 t/year and phosphorus at 0.20 t/year. The highest annual load of total nitrogen for lake basins on average per year was from agricultural pollution from arable land (98.85%), and the highest total phosphorus load was also from agricultural pollution from arable land (60%).

Utility Operations Reduce Water Loss, Improve Security, and Enhance Resilience

Opflow ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Nelson Mix ◽  
Alan Lai ◽  
Kenneth Thompson ◽  
Steven C. Seachrist
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Reduce Water Loss

Optimization of edible coating formulations on zucchini to reduce water loss

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto de Jesús Avena-Bustillos ◽  
John M. Krochta ◽  
Mikal E. Saltveit ◽  
Rodrigo de Jesús Rojas-Villegas ◽  
JoséAntonio Sauceda-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
Reduce Water Loss ◽  
Coating Formulations

USE of CHITOSAN COATING to REDUCE WATER LOSS and MAINTAIN QUALITY of CUCUMBER and BELL PEPPER FRUITS

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
AHMED GHAOUTH ◽  
JOSEPH ARUL ◽  
RATHY PONNAMPALAM ◽  
MARCEL BOULET
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Chitosan Coating ◽  
Reduce Water Loss

Water Crossover Reduction in DMFC Utilizing Hydrophobic Anode MPL

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian E. Shaffer ◽  
Chao-Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Flow In Porous Media ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Lower Permeability ◽  
Phase Transport

Reducing the water crossover from anode to cathode is an important goal for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) technology, especially if highly concentrated methanol fuel is to be used. A well-documented way to reduce this water loss to the cathode side is by using a hydrophobic cathode microporous layer (MPL). Recently, however, it has been demonstrated that in addition to a cathode MPL, the use of a hydrophobic anode MPL further reduces the water loss to the cathode. In this work, we use a two-phase transport model that accounts for capillary induced liquid flow in porous media to explain physically how a hydrophobic anode MPL acts to control the net water transport from anode to cathode. Additionally, we perform a case study and show that a thicker, more hydrophobic anode MPL with lower permeability is most effective in controlling the net water transport from anode to cathode.

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