The end(s) of national cultures? Cultural policy in the face of diversity

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 574-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluís Bonet ◽  
Emmanuel Négrier
2007 ◽  

In December 1945 the "L'Approdo" transmissions were launched at the RAI headquarters in Florence. The radio programme, one of the most important in Italy at the time, went on the air up to 1977, being accompanied from 1952 by a magazine and from 1963 to 1972 by a television programme. The three parallel cultural "enterprises" boasted an impressive number of important collaborators, gravitating around the decisive figure of Carlo Betocchi as leader and organiser. Nevertheless, despite its significance, even the adventure of "L'Approdo" was destined to die. When the transmissions and the publication of the magazine ceased, an entire cultural élite had to come to terms not only with the objective difficulties, but with a crisis of trust and of commitment in the face of what were now irreversible changes in the country. Yet – precisely because "L'Approdo" had battled for an approach that was destined to become minority with the triumph of the new media society – the retrieval of its history and the reconstruction through voices, pages and images of one of the first examples of encounter and mediation between culture and communication appears particularly significant. The methods and the emphatic planning of the entire experience emerge clearly from the first issue of the magazine, produced here in anastatic reprint, and above all from the enclosed CD-Rom which proposes, along with the tables of contents of "L'Approdo", the files and records of the entire correspondence (over 20,000 unpublished pieces) and details of the surviving scripts of the transmissions… In short, we finally have at our disposal material that enables us to reconstruct – through the traces of a programme and a magazine and of the intellectuals who collaborated on them – thirty years of culture and utopia, of compromise and enthusiasm, clustered around the birth, growth and death of an articulated project of "cultural policy".


Author(s):  
Konrad Tyszka ◽  
Michał Jagosz

The systemic transformation has significantly increased and diversified the music press market. Liquidation of the monopoly, privatization, censorship abolition and media pluralism are just some of the factors that contributed to shaping new cultural policy in Poland. The research material used for this paper’s analytical purposes consists of Polish music magazines; based on a query covering over 110 journals being published since 1946 to the present, a historical and comparative analysis was made. It allowed to determine what new solutions the publishers started to put into practice to make their magazines more attractive. Moreover, it showed a clear fragmentation of the market. After ’89, popular music magazines began to prevail; there are also many specialist journals devoted to a specific topic. A look at cultural transformation from the perspective of the music press is therefore an innovative idea, combining knowledge from the borderline of musicology, cultural studies, and press studies.


2002 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Homan

The live music pub and club scene has historically been regarded as the source of a distinctively Australian rock/jazz culture, and the basis for global recording success. This paper examines the history of live venue practices as a case study of a local cultural industry that often existed outside of traditional policy structures and meanings of the arts industries. Confronted with a loss of performance opportunities for local musicians, it is argued that traditional cultural policy mechanisms and platforms used for cultural nationalist outcomes are no longer relevant. Rather, policy intervention must engage with administrative obstacles to live creativity, specifically the series of local regulations that have diminished the viability of live venues. The decline of the rock/jazz pub continues in the face of current federal government support for touring musicians. A closer inspection of the local administration of cultural practice remains the best means of understanding the devaluation of the social and industrial value of live performance.


Popular Music ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Breen

AbstractPopular music policy making incorporates the art and rationality of ‘governmentality’. In doing so it seeks to move beyond benign policy making efforts and some of the prevailing approaches to cultural policy studies – primarily arts policy – to apply interventionary strategies into the space dominated by global recording companies. Major recording companies and the business-as-usual approach of Return on Investment dominates local and national popular music through the macro-level perspective of global trade regimes, thereby avoiding the micro-level activities needed by citizens locally. Critical approaches to the potential loss of localised music production in the face of globalisation are drawn from the heterodox, interdisciplinary schools of institutional economics which, in this case, uses instrumentalism to create a model that insists on research-based popular music making policies that respond to citizen needs. Using examples from the Australian experience, the Instrumental Policy Behaviour Process (IPBP) is proposed as a model for generating localised, resource-allocating approaches to popular music policy making.


2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
Allon Shevat

Organisation development is riddled with values from the Occident; these Western values fly in the face of driving, developing trust and facilitating change in global organisations. Organisation development, via its Western values thus can vitiate to be seen as the handmaiden of cultural force-feeding, albeit perhaps not with malicious intent. This article explores episodes where the occidental and the relatively non-occidental, including the oriental context, make painful and ineffective interface. It raises the possibilities that organisation development can be and must be retooled. This article provides both vignettes and pertinent insight-bearing inferences from a qualitative lens, which will enable the reader and practitioner to hone awareness of the value-laden skill sets required to support effectiveness of global organisations. The intercultural outlay has special reference to India and the phenomena therein are stretched between several national cultures from real-life episodes, where consultation presented challenges to the author.


2021 ◽  
pp. 13-32
Author(s):  
P. Anand ◽  
O.I. Bychkova ◽  
A.A. Gutsalov

At the highest level of interstate relations, cultural relations between Russia and India are considered not only as one of the strategic areas of cooperation, but also as its basis, which is manifested in the mutual awareness of the common fundamental values of the peoples of Russia and India. The cultural policy of the two states is characterized by similar tasks: the preservation of cultural heritage, national culture and language in the context of cultural integration and globalization, the protection of cultural values, and the search for effective forms of cultural interaction. The evidence of the stability, effectiveness and relevance of this format of interaction, even in an unfavorable political environment, is its temporal continuity, presented in this work in the context of the historical experience of the formation of cultural ties between Russia and India in different periods of time, starting from the 15th century. The aim of this article is to typologize this experience up to the present time. The theoretical focus was on such subject areas as interstate cultural cooperation, cultural exchanges, and cultural diplomacy. The sources were Russian and Indian official documents, as well as relevant research works. The authors used the ideographic (descriptive-narrative), comparative-historical, and retrospective methods, as well as the periodization method in the study. The novelty of the research consists in the generalization of ideas about the mechanisms of international cultural cooperation, the practices of cultural exchanges and cultural diplomacy, the interaction of national cultures on the example of Russian-Indian relations. The actual significance of studying this issue is enhanced by its organic connection with the prospects of improving the status of national cultures, expanding the possibilities of their inclusion in the context of world culture, and with the prospects of social development in general. The analysis of documents, research works, and the level of interstate relations between Russia and India allows us to conclude that it is the cultural sphere with its stable semantic codes that underlies Russian-Indian political and economic relations. The results of the study of the development of cultural interaction can be used for a further investigation of the interaction of cultures, in the activities of organizations, institutions, departments, diplomatic services dealing with interstate cultural cooperation, for the development of research-based programs for the exchange of cultural values and their use in the activities of cultural institutions in different countries. На высшем уровне межгосударственных отношений культурные связи России и Индии рассматриваются не только как одно из стратегических направлений сотрудничества, но и как его основа, проявляющаяся во взаимном осознании общности фундаментальных ценностей народов двух стран. Для культурной политики государств характерны сходные задачи: сохранение культурного наследия, национальной культуры и языка в условиях культурной интеграции и глобализации, защита культурных ценностей, поиск эффективных форм культурного взаимодействия. Свидетельством устойчивости, эффективности и востребованности такого формата взаимодействия даже в условиях неблагоприятной политической конъюнктуры является его временнáя преемственность, представленная в данной работе в контексте исторического опыта формирования культурных связей между Россией и Индией в разные периоды времени, начиная с XV в. Цель написания статьи – типологизация этого опыта вплоть до настоящего времени. В центре теоретического внимания оказались такие предметные области, как межгосударственное культурное сотрудничество, культурные обмены, культурная дипломатия. Источниками при этом явились российские и индийские официальные документы, результаты научных исследований. Применены идеографический, сравнительно-исторический и ретроспективный методы, а также метод опроса.Научная новизна проведенного исследования состоит в обобщении представлений о механизмах международного культурного сотрудничества, практик культурных обменов и культурной дипломатии, взаимодействия национальных культур на примере российско-индийских отношений. Значимость изучения данной проблемы усиливается своей органичной связью с перспективами повышения статуса национальных культур, расширения возможностей их включения в контекст мировой культуры и с перспективами общественного развития в целом. Анализ документов, научных работ, уровня межгосударственных отношений России и Индии позволяет сделать вывод, что именно культурная сфера с ее устойчивыми смысловыми кодами лежит в основе российско-индийских политических и экономических отношений. Результаты изучения вопросов развития культурного взаимодействия могут использоваться для дальнейшего изучения взаимодействия культур, в деятельности организаций, учреждений, ведомств, дипломатических служб, занимающихся вопросами межгосударственного культурного сотрудничества, разработки научно-обоснованных программ обмена культурными ценностями и их использования в деятельности учреждений культуры разных стран.


Author(s):  
Clara Sortsøe Søndergaard

This article examines the complex nature of cultural policy, economy and labour and their importance to the creative industries. Through an exploration of the publishing industry and the rising popularity of literary festivals and events, the article considers the challenges and the future of modern publishing and the role of funding and local policy in creating a diverse and inclusive literary identity. Furthermore, the article considers the role of publishers and literary festivals in facilitating and enabling this by creating sites for cultural and literary engagement in the face of a constantly changing industry dominated by algorithms, ebooks and new forms of production and distribution. The article therefore takes a closer look at the potential for literary festivals to fit into a modern publishing culture and the literary field as a whole, and uses local literary festival LiteratureXchange as an example of the potential of these events. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-335
Author(s):  
David Miller

This article examines A. J. Simmons’ Lockean theory of territorial rights and defends the superiority of the rival nationalist theory that he rejects. It begins by arguing that all philosophical accounts of territory need to be supplemented by nonideal theory to address real-world territorial conflicts. Turning to the Lockean theory, it points out that if territorial rights are to emerge from individual property rights in land, such rights must be robust. But on Simmons’ account, individuals only have natural property rights in material things involved in their ongoing purposive activities. Thus, a state founded on such rights would be vulnerable to having neglected parts of its territory expropriated by outsiders. It might also have to downsize in response to population increases elsewhere. Nationalist theories base territorial rights on the collective occupation and transformation of land by groups with shared identities. Three charges against such theories are rebutted: (1) The idea of cohesive national cultures is a myth, in the face of internal cultural diversity. (2) Despite their appeal to history, nationalist theories privilege current possessors of land at the expense of the dispossessed. (3) Such theories cannot solve the problem of ‘trapped minorities’ who don’t share the national identity of the majority.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (49) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
K. Y. Balabukha ◽  

The article is aimed at studying the impact of emerging financial markets on marketing programs in the international dimension only. Indicators influencing the economic component of emerging markets are analyzed, namely: the development of services sectors in urban areas of the countries considered (India and China); a gap in employment and income between organized and unorganized sectors in urban areas; the presence of urban slums. The study has resulted in systematizing the main indicators of infrastructure and comparative capacity in India and China, while emphasizing differences in the national cultures of the two countries. It is highlighted that the sustainability of differences in cultural value is especially relevant for large multinational companies, which are influenced by different national cultures in their daily routines. Factors influencing income inequality within the population are substantiated, and the importance of infrastructure in the state of growth is emphasized. It is noted that large differences in consumer incomes indicate the existence of several segments with very different levels of purchasing power; in turn, segments with different incomes allow some companies to create innovative opportunities. The areas of implementing marketing programs in the situation of emerging financial markets are outlined. It is noted that because all regions differ in requirements, tastes, habits, media, and preferences, price awareness is up to changes, and this can cause the development of marketing programs inside and outside the country. Research perspectives in this area, as we see them, can lie in designing an innovative marketing program, targeted at the Ukrainian consumer market and capable of forming a stable competitive advantage in the face of international competition.


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