Determination of γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid in rumen fluid of dairy cows by pre-column chiral derivatization-HPLC

Abstract Backgroud: Mastitis is the most serious disease endangering animal husbandry, especially dairy farming. Clinical investigations indicated that cows suffering from ketosis have a higher probability of mastitis. Rumen microbiota is closely related to ruminant health. However, it is not clear what role it plays in this process.Results: The microbiota in rumen fluid and milk from ketosis cows were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the richness of bacterial community both in rumen and milk were changed in ketosis cows. The abundance of genus Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-001 and Streptococcus in rumen fluid from ketosis cows decreased significantly and were negatively correlated with blood BHBA and milk SCC. In contrast, the abundance of genus Luteimonas, Thermomonas, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, NK4A214_group, Paracoccus, Acetitomaculum, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Deinococcus, Saccharofermentans and Butyrivibrio in rumen fluid from ketosis cows increased significantly and were positively correlated with blood BHBA and milk SCC. In addition, the abundance of F082 and Thermomonas were increased, while the abundance of genus Acinetobacter and UCG-005 were reduced both in milk and rumen fluid in ketosis cows than healthy cows. Conclusions: Ketosis in dairy cows is capable of inducing mastitis. The rumen microbiota of ketotic cows changed significantly and is associated with the development of mastitis. Targeting rumen microbiota regulation may be a promising strategy to prevent metabolism disorder and its secondary diseases in dairy cows.

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Determination of Optical Impurity of Pregabalin by HPLC with Pre-Column Chiral Derivatization

Journal of Chromatographic Science ◽

10.1093/chromsci/46.1.42 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 42-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

X. Chen ◽

D. Zhang ◽

J. Deng ◽

X. Fu

Keyword(s):

Chiral Derivatization

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DAY-TO-DAY VARIATIONS IN FAT PERCENT OF COW'S MILK

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas90-090 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

pp. 731-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. S. ATWAL ◽

J. D. ERFLE

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Key Words ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Supplemental Feeding ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Milk Fat Depression ◽

Daily Milk Yield ◽

Daily Milk

Large day-to-day variations in milk fat, particularly for the morning milkings, were observed in 36 Holstein cows. Changes in percent fat were gradual and produced wavelike patterns in a number of instances. Supplemental feeding of long hay had no effect on acetate/propionate ratio in rumen fluid, daily milk yield or weighted milk fat percentage. Key words: Dairy cows, milk, fat depression, hay

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Rapid Determination of Tryptophan, Indole and Skatole in Rumen Fluid by HPLC

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho ◽

10.2508/chikusan.59.93 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 93-94

Author(s):

T. NAGASAWA ◽

H. UEDA ◽

R. ONODERA

Keyword(s):

Rapid Determination ◽

Rumen Fluid

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Is rumenocentesis a safe technique to collect rumen fluid in dairy cows?

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.18886 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 1135 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. PANOUSIS ◽

G. KITKAS ◽

G. E. VALERGAKIS

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Short Term ◽

Safe Technique ◽

Daily Milk Yield ◽

Daily Milk

Subacute ruminal acidosis is a major issue in dairy cattle and a definite diagnosis is only established by measuring the rumen fluid pH, most credibly collected by rumenocentesis. However, due to its invasive nature, there is still some debate whether it is a safe method or poses risks for cows’ health and welfare. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the safety of rumenocentesis as a technique to obtain rumen fluid in dairy cows. Results were derived from 2 studies. In study 1, rumenocentesis was performed in 153 Holstein cows from 12 herds, once, between 10 and 90 days in milk (DIM). In study 2, 83 Holstein cows from a dairy farm were repeatedly subjected to rumenocentesisat 30, 90 and 150 DIM. From the 83 cows that were initially enrolled, 8 were culled before the end of the study for reasons irrelative to rumenocentesis; therefore, 236 rumenocenteses were actually performed in study 2 (3 times in 75 cows, twice in 3 cows and once in 5 cows). All cows were monitored for 10 days after rumenocentesis for presence of complications. In addition, daily milk yield was automatically recorded for each cow in study 2 to detect any possiblepost-rumenocentesis short-term reduction of milk yield. Minor only complications were recorded in 7 cases: in 4/153 (2.61%) and 3/236 (1.27%) rumenocenteses in studies 1 and 2, respectively. Small diameter abscesses in 6 cows (3 in study 1 and 3 in study 2) and a larger one in 1 cow in study 1 were observed. The 3 small abscesses in study 2 were all recorded after the 1st rumenocentesis, at DIM 30. All 7 cases were resolved spontaneously within two weeks. Moreover, short-term daily milk yield of study 2 cows was not affected by rumenocentesis. The conclusion is that rumenocentesis is a safe technique to collect small volume of rumen fluid for SARA diagnosis, which does not compromise cows’ health and welfare when appropriately performed.

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Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Culture on Ruminal Fermentation, Blood Metabolism, and Performance of High-Yield Dairy Cows

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2401

Author(s):

Xiaoge Sun ◽

Yue Wang ◽

Erdan Wang ◽

Shu Zhang ◽

Qianqian Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Fat Content ◽

High Yield ◽

Control Group ◽

And Performance ◽

Basal Ration

High-yield dairy cows with high-concentrate diets are more prone to experiencing health problems associated with rumen microbial imbalance. This study assessed the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture (SC), a food supplement, on ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), inflammatory cytokines, and performance of high-yield dairy cows. Forty Holstein cows with similar characteristics (e.g., milk yield, days of milk, and parity) were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group fed the basal ration supplemented with the SC of 100 g of SC per cow per day (hour, SC group), and a control group fed the same basal ration diet without SC (i.e., CON group). On average, the supplementation of SC started at 73 days of lactation. The experimental period lasted approximately 70 days (from 18 January to 27 March 2020), including 10 days for dietary adaptation. Milk yield was recorded daily. Rumen fluid and milk samples were collected after 2 h of feeding in the morning of day 0, 15, 30, and 60. The data showed that rumen pH increased (p < 0.05) when cows were provided with SC. On average, the cows in the SC group produced 1.36 kg (p < 0.05) more milk per day than those in the CON group. Milk fat content of cows in the SC group was also higher (4.11% vs. 3.96%) (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the concentration of acetic acid in the rumen fluid of dairy cows in the SC group was significantly higher (p < 0.05). There were no differences (p > 0.05) found in milk protein content and propionic acid between groups. The SC group had a tendency increase in butyric acid (p = 0.062) and total VFA (p = 0.058). The result showed that SC supplementation also enhanced the ratio between acetic and propionic. Most of the mean inflammatory cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, γ-IFN, and TNF-α) concentrations (p < 0.05) of the SC group were lower than CON group. This study demonstrated that high-yield cows receiving supplemental SC could produce more milk with higher fat content, have higher rumen acetate, and potentially less inflammatory cytokines.

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Determination of organic components of milk as method for evaluating energy status of dairy cows

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1002021s ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 64 (1-2) ◽

pp. 21-32

Author(s):

Djordje Savic ◽

D. Matarugic ◽

N. Delic ◽

D. Kasagic ◽

M. Stojanovic

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

High Yield ◽

Energy Status ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Organic Components ◽

Physiological Values ◽

The Individual

The objective of the investigations described in this work was to determine the energy status and to make recommendations for correcting the cow diet at a farm of high-yield dairy cows, on the grounds of values for the concentration of organic components of milk and their ratios in individual milk samples. A total of 147 cows were examined, including 97 in the first and 50 in the second lactation. Average concentrations of milk fat and urea were within the physiological values. Namely, the milk fat concentration in cows in the first lactation was 38.88?5.07 g/l, and it was 36.47?4.82 g/l in cows in the second lactation, while the urea concentration in cows in the first lactation 3.16?0.58 mmol/l and it was 3.72?0.64 mmol/l in cows in the second lactation. The protein concentration in both groups of cows was below the physiological values, being 30.33?2.35 g/l in cows in the first lactation and 30.17?2.27 g/l in cows in the second lactation. Based on the ratio of urea and protein concentrations, as well as of fat and proteins in the individual milk samples, it was concluded that in most examined cows, both in those in the first and those in the second lactation, there is a deficit of energy, along with a deficit or relative surplus of proteins. On the grounds of the obtained results, recommendations were given for correcting the feed rations in the coming period. .

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