Functional and health-endorsing properties of wheat and barley cell wall’s non-starch polysaccharides

Somatic embryogenesis was induced in callus previously initiated from immature embryos of barley. These cultures ranged in age from 6 weeks to 30 months. Embryoids were readily initiated from homogenized suspension-grown aggregates when plated on modified B5 media with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Low concentrations (0.1 and 0.05 mg∙L−1) of abscisic acid promoted further maturation of embryoids, while gibberellic acid (1 mg∙L−1) and kinetin (0.1 mg∙L−1) were used in the media to encourage embryoid germination. The development of somatic embryoids from initiation through maturation and germination is described.

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Increased Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses in Tobacco Plants Expressing a Barley Cell Wall Peroxidase

Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.3923/jps.2011.1.13 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Deborah Vicuna ◽

Renee P. Malone ◽

Philip J. Dix

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Tobacco Plants ◽

Barley Cell

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Membranes in the miotic apparatus of barley cells

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.86.2.490 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 490-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 136

Author(s):

PK Hepler

Keyword(s):

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Membrane System ◽

Spindle Pole ◽

Potassium Ferricyanide ◽

Mitotic Apparatus ◽

Early Anaphase ◽

Dividing Cells ◽

Chromosome Motion ◽

Considerable Detail ◽

Barley Cell

Membranes in the mitotic apparatus have been investigated ultrastructually in dividing cells of barley (Hordeum vulgare). After osmium tetroxide- potassium ferricyanide or ferrocyanide postfixation (OsFeCN) of material that had been fixed in glutaraldehyde in the presence of Ca(++), the nuclear envolope (NE)-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) complex is selectively stained, permitting observations on the cellular pattern and structural ramifications of this membrane system that have not been previously recognized. Specifically, it is observed that membrane system that have not been previously recognized. Specifically, it is observed that during mitosis the NE-ER forms a continuous membrane system that ensheathes and isolates the mitotic apparatus (MA). Elements of ER progressively accumulate in the region of the spindle pole, becoming most concentrated by early anaphase. Within the MA itself, there are striking spindle- membrane associations; in particular, tubular elements of predominantly smooth NE-ER invade the spindle interior selectively along kinetochore microtubules. The membrane elements at the pole and surrounding the MA consist of tubular reticulum and fenestrated lamellae. Membranes of the MA thus resemble in considerable detail the tubular network and fenestrated elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle. It is suggested that the NE-ER of the dividing barley cell may function in one or both of the following ways: (a) to control the concentration of free Ca(++) in the MA and (b) to serve as an anchor to chromosome motion.

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Highly effective cell synchronization in plant roots by hydroxyurea and amiprophos-methyl or colchicine

Genome ◽

10.1139/g93-053 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 387-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

W. H. Pan ◽

A. Houben ◽

R. Schlegel

Keyword(s):

Dna Hybridization ◽

Enzymatic Digestion ◽

Root Tip ◽

Chromosomal Dna ◽

Cell Synchronization ◽

Ice Water ◽

Minimum Distortion ◽

Barley Cell ◽

Chromosome Spreading

Effective somatic cell synchronization in root-tip meristems and improved chromosome spreading were achieved in white campion, wheat, rye, and barley by application of hydroxyurea and amiprophos-methyl or colchicine, combined with a pretreatment of ice water and modified fixative, as well as enzymatic digestion of the meristems. The protocol provides metaphase indices of approximately 50%. The chromosomes and chromosomal DNA were with minimum distortion, providing useful material for chromosome banding studies, in situ DNA–DNA hybridization, microdissection, and microcloning.Key words: Melandrium album, rye, wheat, barley, cell cycle, root meristem, synchronization, metaphase index, chromosome preparation.

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