scholarly journals Effect of various drought stresses and subsequent recovery on proline, total soluble sugar and starch metabolisms in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doan Cong Dien ◽  
Toshihiro Mochizuki ◽  
Takeo Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Subsequent Recovery ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch

scholarly journals Senescence-Specific Expression of RAmy1A Accelerates Non-structural Carbohydrate Remobilization and Grain Filling in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ouyang ◽  
Xuewu Sun ◽  
Yanning Tan ◽  
Zhizhong Sun ◽  
Dong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Remobilization of pre-anthesis NSCs (non-structural carbohydrates) is significant for effective grain filling in rice (Oryza sativa L.). However, abundant starch particles as an important component of NSCs are still present in the leaf sheath and stem at the late stage of grain filling. There are no studies on how bioengineering techniques can be used to improve the efficiency of NSC remobilization. In this study, RAmy1A was expressed under the senescence-specific promoter of SAG12, which was designed to degrade starch in the leaf sheath and stem during grain filling. RAmy1A mRNA successfully accumulated in the leaf, stem, and sheath of transgenic plants after anthesis. At the same time, the starch and total soluble sugar content in the leaf, stem, and leaf sheath were obviously decreased during the grain-filling period. The photosynthetic rate of transgenic lines was higher than that of the wild types by an average of 4.0 and 9.9%, at 5 and 10 days after flowering, respectively. In addition, the grain-filling rate of transgenic lines was faster than that of the wild types by an average of 26.09%. These results indicate an enhanced transport efficiency of NSCs from source tissues in transgenic rice. Transgenic rice also displayed accelerated leaf senescence, which was hypothesized to contribute to decreased grain weight.

scholarly journals Physiological, Biochemical and Microstructural Changes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Varying pH Levels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta ◽  
Anil Kumar Singh ◽  
Dev Mani Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
Rice Leaves

AbstractSoil acidification exerts detrimental effects on rice plant leading to severe reduction in its yield. In the present study, we investigated the physiological, biochemical and microstructural changes in the leaves of rice cultivars, namely, Jhilli Dhan (JD) and Gora Dhan (GD), under varying pH conditions (pH 6.5, 5.5, 4.5 and 3.5). Seedlings were grown at varying pH levels for 14 days under controlled conditions. Root and shoot growth and chlorophyll content were found to be decreased with increasing acidity, whereas electrolyte leakage was increased with increasing acidity. Overall, seedling growth was significantly reduced at pH 3.5, while, it was maximum at pH 6.5 treatment, which might be the result of cumulative altered physiological parameters. Further, biochemical parameters, namely total soluble sugar (TSS), proline content and lipid peroxidation were found to be positively correlated with acidity. Microstructural changes were observed through Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The thickness between different layers of leaves was found to be disintegrating at low pH conditions and the thickness of parenchyma cells was reduced significantly. FESEM analysis revealed changes in characteristics of stomata under acidic stress. The understanding of physiological, biochemical and microstructural changes in rice leaves under varying pH conditions may help in developing rice with improved tolerance towards soil acidity stress.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND AERENCHYMA FORMATION OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) CV. IR64 AND INPARA 5 AT DIFFERENT INUNDATION CONDITIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
Diah Rachmawati ◽  
Maryani _ ◽  
Winda Adipuri Ramadaningrum dan Ika Nugrahaning Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Aerenchyma Formation ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Reproductive Phase

<p>Global climate change leads to changes in rainfall patterns, making it difficult to predict the occurrence of drought or flooding. Flooding had a negative impact on the rice growth. The objectives of this research were to study growth and aerenchyma formation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. IR64 and Inpara 5 at different inundation conditions. This research was conducted in the greenhouse, Faculty of Biology, UGM from March to December 2012. Experiment design used was completely randomized design with factorial pattern of depth and period of inundation. Depth of inundation consists of 4 levels: T0 = 0 cm, T1 = 4 cm, T2 = 8 cm, and T3 = 12 cm from the soil surface, while the period of inundation consists of 3 levels, i.e. P1 = 10 days inundation on the vegetative phase, P2 = 10 days inundation on the reproductive phase, and P3 = 10 days inundation on the vegetative and reproductive phase. The parameters observed were plant height, flowering time, soluble sugar and starch content in leaf, root anatomical structure. Data analysis was carried out by ANOVA and the differences between treatments were compared using DMRT at significancy level of 95%. The results showed that IR64 and Inpara 5 respond differently to inundation. Depth of inundation had no effect on plant height of both IR64 and Inpara 5, while the inundation period showed a significant effect on plant height of Inpara 5. Inundation at vegetative phase increased plant height of Inpara 5. Both IR64 and Inpara 5, depth of inundation increased number of tillers and root aerenchyma formation, whereas period of inundation had no effect. Inundation treatment caused earlier flowering and stabilized soil pH. Starch content in leaf of Inpara 5 increased with inundation, while in IR64 decreased. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong> : growth, aerenchyma, inundation, Inpara 5, starch</p>

Variation of Phenolics, Tocols, Antioxidant Activities, and Soluble Sugar Compositions in Red and Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) During Boiling

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafang Shao ◽  
Changyun Fang ◽  
Huali Zhang ◽  
Yuping Shi ◽  
Zhanqiang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Black Rice

scholarly journals Effects of age on the survival and recovery of submerged rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
MS Pervin ◽  
AR Gomosta ◽  
JU Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Seedling Age ◽  
Tolerant Variety ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Depletion Rate ◽  
Soluble Sugar And Starch ◽  
Key Words Rice

Post-submergence (about 100 cm water depth for ten days) survivality and recovery of rice seedlings were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Irrespective of varieties, 10 and 15-day-old seedlings barely could recover from the shock. More than 80% of 20-day-old seedlings of variety FR13A survived. With the increase of seedling age, elongation of plants decreased during submergence. The variety FR13A and BRRI dhan32 recovered considerably at the seedling age exceeding 20-day, whereas BR6110-10-2-1 and BR11 performed the same not below 40-day-old seedlings. At the higher seedling age, all the varieties maintained higher level of soluble sugar and starch both before and after submergence. During the submergence, the depletion rate of soluble sugar was more or less similar in all the varieties, but the rate of starch depletion was the lowest in FR13A. Therefore, the amount of total carbohydrate both pre- and post-submergence was higher in tolerant variety FR13A that might contribute to the better survivality and recovery ability. Key words: Rice; T. Aman; Carbohydrate content; Seedling age; Survival; Recovery DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i1.5522Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(1): 21-28, 2010 (June)

scholarly journals Insights into Nitric Oxide-Mediated Water Balance, Antioxidant Defence and Mineral Homeostasis in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Chilling Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag ◽  
Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽  
Sonya Afrin ◽  
Md Kawsar Khan ◽  
Md. Abdul Hannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Mineral Homeostasis

Being a chilling-sensitive staple crop, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is vulnerable to climate change. The competence of rice to withstand chilling stress should, therefore, be enhanced through technological tools. The present study employed chemical intervention like application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as nitric oxide (NO) donor and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms of NO-mediated chilling tolerance in rice. At germination stage, germination indicators were interrupted by chilling stress (5.0 &plusmn; 1.0&deg;C for 8 h day‒1), while pretreatment with 100 &mu;M SNP markedly improved the indicators. At seedling stage (14-day-old), chilling stress caused stunted growth with visible toxicity along with alteration of biochemical markers, for example, increase in oxidative stress markers (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde) and osmolytes (total soluble sugar; proline and soluble protein content, SPC), and decrease in chlorophyll (Chl), relative water content (RWC), and antioxidants. However, NO application attenuated toxicity symptoms with improving growth performance which might be attributed to enhanced activities of antioxidants, mineral contents, Chl, RWC and SPC. Furthermore, principal component analysis indicated that water imbalance and increased oxidative damage were the main contributors to chilling injury, whereas NO-mediated mineral homeostasis and antioxidant defense were the critical determinants for chilling tolerance in rice. Collectively, our findings revealed that NO protects against chilling stress through valorizing cellular defense mechanisms, suggesting that exogenous application of NO could be a potential tool to evolve cold tolerance as well as climate resilience in rice.

Keragaan Morfologi dan Kandungan Antosianin Padi Beras Merah (Oryza sativa L.) di Kecamatan Munte dan Kecamatan Payung, Kabupaten Karo

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Wiwik Winarti ◽  
Eva Sartini Bayu ◽  
Revandy Iskandar Damanik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
International Rice Research Institute ◽  
Research Institute

Keragaan morfologi dan kandungan antosianin padi beras merah (Oryza sativa L.) pada Kecamatan Munte dan Kecamatan Payung di Kabupaten Karo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi morfologi dan kandungan antosianin padi beras merah (Oryza sativa L.). Penelitian ini dimulai dari Juni 2017dan selesai pada Januari 2018 di kecamatan Munte dan Kecamatan Payung Kabupaten Karo.Metode survei deskriptif menggunakan panduan International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Teknik penentuan lokasi secara sengaja dan pengamblan sampel secara kebetulan.Uji kandungan antosianin menggunakan metode analitik dengan menghomogenkan sampel. Hasil eksplorasi didapatkan 72 genotipe yang dibagi menjadi tiga lokasi lahan. Berdasaran uji kandungan antosianin didapatkan lahan A memiliki kandungan tertinggi yaitu 0,5 mg/100 g dan terendah yaitu lahan B 0,08 mg/100 g.

Efficacy of some insecticide modules against major insect pests and spider population of rice, Oryza sativa L.

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262
Author(s):  
Atanu Seni ◽  
Bhimasen Naik
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Treated Plot

Experiments were carried out to assess some insecticide modules against major insect pests of rice. Each module consists of a basal application of carbofuran 3G @ 1 kg a.i ha-1 at 20 DAT and Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 30 g a.i ha-1 at 45 DAT except untreated control. All modules differ with each other only in third treatment which was applied in 65 DAT. The third treatment includes: Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1, Triflumezopyrim 106 SC @ 27 g a.i ha-1, Buprofezin 25 SC @ 250 g a.i ha-1; Glamore (Imidacloprid 40+Ethiprole 40% w/w) 80 WG @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, Thiacloprid 24 SC @ 60 g a.i ha-1, Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1, Dinotefuran 20 SG@ 40 g a.i ha-1 and untreated control. All the treated plots recorded significantly lower percent of dead heart, white ear- head caused by stem borer and silver shoot caused by gall midge. Module with Pymetrozine 50 WG @ 150 g a.i ha-1 treated plot recorded significantly higher per cent reduction of plant hoppers (>80% over untreated control) and produced higher grain yield (50.75 qha-1) than the other modules. Among the different treated modules the maximum number of spiders was found in Azadirachtin 0.03 EC @ 8 g a.i ha-1 treated module plot followed by other treatments.

Correlation Studies on Grain Yield and its Component Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
R. ARULMOZHI R. ARULMOZHI ◽  
◽  
Dr. A. MUTHUSWAMY Dr. A. MUTHUSWAMY
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Component Traits
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