scholarly journals Risk perception as a double-edged sword in policy compliance in COVID-19 pandemic? A two-phase evaluation from Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ricci P. H Yue ◽  
Bobo H. P. Lau ◽  
Cecilia L. W. Chan ◽  
Siu-Man Ng
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Policy Compliance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Phase Evaluation

scholarly journals Risk perception as a double-edged sword in policy compliance in COVID-19 pandemic? A two-phase evaluation from Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RIcci Yue ◽  
Bobo Hi Po Lau ◽  
Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan ◽  
Siu-Man Ng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Policy Compliance ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Perceived Severity

The emphasis of risk has been recognized as a crucial component to effective and successful policy compliance amidst crisis. Yet, during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the dreadfulness of the risk may fluctuate with the severity of the prolonged pandemic, and the nature of public health policy is not confined purely to public health concerns, perceived risk may not always lead to policy compliance. Two surveys (during almost zero case period and during the biggest outbreak) were conducted to examine the dichotomous role of perceived risk and perceived susceptibility in influencing policy compliance in Hong Kong. Although policy compliance increases with the scale of the outbreak, results from path analysis showed that perceived susceptibility and perceived severity have an indirect role in policy complying behaviour when the objective risk is low. Risk variables, such as attitude, knowledge, benefit and trust, have directly shaped policy compliance. More importantly, perceived severity of COVID-19 boosts policy compliance but perceived susceptibility was associated with disobedience to public health policy. Meanwhile, Hong Kong citizens have a selective and conscious preference in regard to the stringency of public health policy: they welcome more law and order, with increasing magnitude of penalty, but reject lockdown measures such as curfew. Regression results implied that demography had a mild contribution to public health policy stringency, with only the female gender being statistically related to higher policy acceptance. This study calls for further reflection on the role of risk, especially perceived susceptibility, in mobilizing policy compliance to COVID-19 related measures.

scholarly journals RE-DESIGN OF A MOTORCYCLE HELMET FOR USE IN URBAN TRAFFIC: CONCEPTUAL DESIGN AND TESTING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2531-2540
Author(s):  
Joanna Papadopoulou ◽  
Vassilis Papakostopoulos ◽  
Vassilis C. Moulianitis
Keyword(s):  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Motorcycle Helmet ◽  
Maximum Protection ◽  
Von Mises ◽  
Full Face ◽  
Phase Evaluation ◽  
Design And Testing

AbstractThis paper presents the re-design approach of an urban motorcycle helmet to prevent users bypassing the strap fastening system. Related studies show that although a full-face helmet provides the maximum protection to a rider, in practice, full-face helmeted riders in urban traffic tend to improperly fasten it. On that notion, the design goal was to conceive a helmet that combines the advantages of different helmet types while responding to urban driving needs. During design ideation possible solutions were examined focusing on different ways of accessing and fixating the helmet on a rider’s head, without using a strap fastening system. Preliminary concept development produced three design concepts, that were evaluated using two sets of prototypes: (a) the 3D printing method under a 1:2 scale was used to detect any design faults, while the 3D modeled concepts were evaluated in four different crash impacts regarding total deformation and von-Mises stress, and (b) 1:1 models of the three concepts were used by experienced riders to assess possible usability issues during helmet placement/removal. Results of the two-phase evaluation of the three concepts and design issues for further development of them are discussed.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Urban Risk-Taking Behaviour during 2018 Typhoon Mangkhut: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4150
Author(s):  
Evan Su Wei Shang ◽  
Eugene Siu Kai Lo ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
Kevin Kei Ching Hung ◽  
Emily Ying Yang Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Behaviour

Although much of the health emergency and disaster risk management (Health-EDRM) literature evaluates methods to protect health assets and mitigate health risks from disasters, there is a lack of research into those who have taken high-risk behaviour during extreme events. The study’s main objective is to examine the association between engaging in high-risk behaviour and factors including sociodemographic characteristics, disaster risk perception and household preparedness during a super typhoon. A computerized randomized digit dialling cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Hong Kong, an urban metropolis, two weeks after the landing of Typhoon Mangkhut. Telephone interviews were conducted in Cantonese with adult residents. The response rate was 23.8% and the sample was representative of the Hong Kong population. Multivariable logistic regressions of 521 respondents adjusted with age and gender found education, income, risk perception and disaster preparedness were insignificantly associated with risk-taking behaviour during typhoons. This suggests that other factors may be involved in driving this behaviour, such as a general tendency to underestimate risk or sensation seeking. Further Health-EDRM research into risk-taking and sensation seeking behaviour during extreme events is needed to identify policy measures.

Precipitation in Cu-Bearing GOES at the Start of Primary Recrystallization

2017 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Anastasia Volodarskaja ◽  
Jan Holešinský ◽  
Šárka Miklušova ◽  
Vlastimil Vodárek
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Primary Recrystallization ◽  
Minor Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Equilibrium Phases ◽  
Cu Dissolution ◽  
Phase Evaluation ◽  
Copper Effect

The role of copper additions to GOES has not been fully understood yet. Several mechanisms have been proposed: stabilization of austenite during hot rolling in two phase α+γ region, precipitation of ε - Cu, dissolution and re-precipitation of Cu-bearing sulfides, segregation of copper at grain boundaries and support of deformation by twinning and shear during cold rolling.This paper deals with minor phase evaluation in Cu–bearing GOES after following manufacturing steps: a) the first cold rolling and decarburization annealing at 820 °C, b) the second cold rolling followed by a slow laboratory heating to the temperature of primary recrystallization (620°C). Microstructure analysis was carried out using EBSD and TEM techniques. Results of experimental studies were compared with Thermocalc predictions of the copper effect on equilibrium phases in GOES.

scholarly journals Examining the Role of Trust in Regulators in Food Safety Risk Assessment: A Cross-regional Analysis of Three Chinese Societies Using an Integrative Framework

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110615
Author(s):  
Yi-Hui Christine Huang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Ivy Wai-Yin Fong ◽  
Qiudi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Risk Acceptance

Considerable efforts have been made to depict the causal patterns of trust, risk perception, and risk acceptance. Yet, it remains far from clear whether the established models are over-simplistic and to what extent the observed associations are contingent upon risk contexts. Extending the theorizing based on the Causal Chain model, this study adopts a comparative approach to examining the role of trust in regulators in the case of post-Fukushima food imports in Hong Kong, Mainland China, and Taiwan. Consistent with the proposed integrative framework, all three samples exhibited indirect relationships between trust in regulators and behavioral intentions through two types of risk perception (affective and cognitive risk perceptions) and risk acceptance. Findings showed that risk acceptance was the most prominent mediator in explaining the extended model and supported the necessity of distinguishing risk acceptance and behavioral intention as two self-contained constructs working in sequence. Moreover, trust in regulators showed the strongest predictivity in behavioral intentions in the Mainland China sample, while risk perception played a more important role in explaining outcome variables in the Hong Kong and Taiwan samples. In addition to contributing to theory building by presenting the external validity of the integrative framework across different political and food regulatory systems, the study demonstrates practical implications for regulatory authorities and risk communicators.

Helping hospitalized smokers in Hong Kong quit smoking by understanding their risk perception, behaviour, and attitudes related to smoking

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2167-2177
Author(s):  
William Ho Cheung Li ◽  
K. Y. Ho ◽  
Viveka W. Xia ◽  
M. P. Wang ◽  
Katherine K. W. Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Hospitalized Smokers

The Essential Structure of Teaching Method Descriptions

2011 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Susanne Neumann ◽  
Michael Derntl ◽  
Petra Oberhuemer
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Phase Evaluation ◽  
Generic Teaching

This chapter presents a study regarding the construction and evaluation of a description template that captures teaching methods. Different formats for describing teaching methods such as pattern catalogues or pedagogic scenario collections exist. The goal of this work was to derive the essence of teaching method descriptions based on the results of other projects, and to evaluate the so obtained description template. The created template underwent a two-phase evaluation. During the first evaluation phase, 21 instructors described a teaching method from their context using the template and rated the template according to criteria for good descriptions. This phase showed that authors of teaching methods regarded the template as complete and thought that their method was well represented. Instructors disagreed whether the elements contained in the template were distinct. During the second evaluation phase, 33 instructors read selected teaching methods provided during the first evaluation phase. The results of the second phase showed that readers of teaching methods do not necessarily feel confident about implementing the described teaching method, which was thought of as “well described” by the teaching method’s author. Readers reported that they lacked an example implementation of the teaching method. Suggestions for adjusting the template were made based on the evaluators’ feedback including renaming and restructuring of elements. We conclude that a generic teaching method should always be accompanied by an example unit of learning, which implements this teaching method. Further research needs to be performed regarding the factors that enhance teaching method adoption and exchange outside the documentation of methods.

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