Interrelation of root and shoot temperatures on dry matter accumulation and root growth in tomato seedlings

Effectiveness of cyclical in vitro selection for imazethapyr tolerance in tomato was studied. Cotyledons and leaf explants from shoots regenerated on media containing imazethapyr were used to initiate three successive cycles of selection. Increases in tissue viability, callus initiation, and callus proliferation were observed following three cycles of selection on 10−7M imazethapyr. Dry matter accumulation of unselected tomato seedlings was reduced by 50% when imazethapyr was applied postemergence at a rate of 28 g ae ha−1. Progeny of eight tomato lines selected after one cycle of selection had greater tolerance to imazethapyr than control plants (60 to 70% dry matter accumulation versus 50%, respectively). Variability was also generated for imazethapyr tolerance among progeny of the same tomato line.

Download Full-text

Calcium-activated Root Growth and Mineral Nutrient Accumulation of Lupinus havardii: Ecophysiological and Horticultural Significance

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.126.5.631 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 126 (5) ◽

pp. 631-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G.A. Picchioni ◽

M. Valenzuela-Vazquez ◽

S. Armenta-Sanchez

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Mineral Nutrients ◽

Mineral Nutrient ◽

Sink Strength ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

Greenhouse Production

Lupinus havardii Wats. (Big Bend bluebonnet) has received considerable attention as a new specialty cut flower crop. We studied the consequences of Ca fertigation on growth, water use, and mineral nutrient uptake of L. havardii (`Texas Sapphire') for 88 days in a greenhouse. Four Ca concentrations were included (as CaCl2) in the fertigation solution at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mm. Calcium supply did not affect the number of racemes produced per plant or total dry matter accumulation per plant. However, root dry matter accumulation, root: shoot ratio, net root mineral nutrient accumulation (milligrams P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe per plant; micrograms Mn, B, and Cu per plant), and the preferential allocation of mineral nutrients to roots were influenced quadratically by CaCl2 supply, increasing up to 5.0 mm CaCl2 and then decreasing at 10.0 mm CaCl2. Lack of root sink response by plants exposed to 10.0 mm CaCl2 was associated with lowest daily rate of pot evapotranspiration, probably resulting from osmotic or Cl toxicity stress. Increased root sink strength for dry matter and mineral nutrients in response to CaCl2 supply up to 5.0 mm Ca is consistent with calcicole-like behavior and the native distribution of L. havardii on xeric, calcareous soils, where root growth and expansion favoring water and mineral nutrient acquisition may be of significant adaptive value for survival. The Carelated increase in root growth was reflected in up to a 5% to 20% increase in fertilizer P and K recovery per plant. Results indicate that Ca fertilization may be an effective horticultural strategy in greenhouse production of L. havardii, particularly for matching the natural edaphic habitat of the species and thus increasing efficiency of water and mineral nutrient management.

Download Full-text

Effects of wheat straw mulch application and nitrogen management on rice root growth, dry matter accumulation and rice quality in soils of different fertility

Paddy and Water Environment ◽

10.1007/s10333-018-0643-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 507-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fengjun Yan ◽

Yongjian Sun ◽

Hui Xu ◽

Yaozhu Yin ◽

Haiyue Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Wheat Straw ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogen Management ◽

Rice Root ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Rice Quality ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Wheat Straw Mulch

Download Full-text

Rapid Effect of Nitrogen Supply for Soybean at the Beginning Flowering Stage on Biomass and Sucrose Metabolism

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52043-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hongli Zhou ◽

Xingdong Yao ◽

Qiang Zhao ◽

Wei Zhang ◽

Bo Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Sucrose Metabolism ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rapid Effect

Abstract Nitrogen application at the beginning flowering stage (R1 stage) increased the soybean grain yield, however, the rapid effect of enriched nitrogen at R1 growth stage on soybean dry matter accumulation and sugar metabolism is still unclear. Continuous high nitrogen (CHN), Continuous low nitrogen (CLN), Enriched nitrogen supply at R1 stage (ENS) treatments were applied on two soybean cultivars (Liaodou11, Liaodou14), to investigate the effect of enriched nitrogen on plant biomass accumulation and sucrose metabolism. After 12 h of ENS treatment, the root/shoot rate of both cultivars were lower than that of CLN, but at 24 h it was no significant difference between ENS and CLN. Enriched N at R1 stage, soybean kept a balance of sucrose synthesis and decomposition in leaf by affecting sucrose synthetase (SS) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activities. Under N limitation condition the plant dry matter accumulation supported root growth priority. Enriched N at R1 stage resulted in the rapid shoot biomass accumulation. In high yield cultivar, the shoot growth was priority to root growth, the common yield cultivar was on the contrary. Our result suggest that enrich N at R1 stage resulted in the accumulation of biomass in shoot rapidly.

Download Full-text

Leaf Gas Exchange, Dry Matter Partitioning, and Mineral Element Concentrations in Mango as Influenced by Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Root Restriction

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.122.6.849 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 122 (6) ◽

pp. 849-855 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Bruce Schaffer ◽

Anthony W. Whiley ◽

Christopher Searle ◽

Robert J. Nissen

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Mineral Element ◽

Element Concentrations ◽

Root Restriction ◽

Dry Mass Partitioning

The effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment and root restriction on net CO2 assimilation (A), dry mass partitioning, and leaf mineral element concentrations in `Kensington' and `Tommy Atkins' mango (Mangifera indica L.) were investigated. Trees were grown in controlled-environment glasshouse rooms at ambient CO2 concentrations of 350 or 700 μmol·mol-1. At each CO2 concentration, trees were grown in 8-L containers, which restricted root growth, or grown aeroponically in 200-L root mist chambers, which did not restrict root growth. Trees grown in 350 μmol·mol-1 CO2 were more efficient at assimilating CO2 than trees grown in 700 μmol·mol-1 CO2. However, total plant and organ dry mass was generally higher for plants grown at 700 μmol·mol-1 CO2 due to increased A as a result of a greater internal partial pressure of CO2 (Ci) in leaves of plants in the CO2 enriched environment. Root restriction reduced A resulting in decreased organ and plant dry mass. In root-restricted plants, reduced A and dry matter accumulation offset the increases in these variables resulting from atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Atmospheric CO2 enrichment and root restriction did not affect dry mass partitioning. Leaf mineral element concentrations were generally lower for trees grown at the higher ambient CO2 concentration, presumably due to a dilution effect from an increased growth rate.

Download Full-text

Crop Load and Rootstock Influence on Dry Matter Partitioning in Trees of Early and Late Ripening Peach Cultivars

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.127.5.825 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 127 (5) ◽

pp. 825-830 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

P. Inglese ◽

T. Caruso ◽

G. Gugliuzza ◽

L.S. Pace

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Fruit Development ◽

Harvest Index ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Crop Load ◽

Development Period ◽

Early Ripening

Effect of crop load on dry matter partitioning was studied on 3-year-old peach [(Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Peach Group)] trees of the early ripening `Early May Crest' (EMC) grafted on `GF677' and Penta (Prunus domestica L.) rootstock and the late ripening `Flaminia' grafted on `GF677' rootstock [(Prunus persica × Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] and grown outdoors in 230-L containers, for 2 years. Fruit thinning was carried out 10 days after fruit set to produce different crop loads. Trees were sampled destructively throughout two growing seasons and divided into above-ground and root components, for dry matter and carbohydrate analysis. At the end of the fruit development period, in the first year, total tree dry matter accumulation was related linearly to crop load even when the increase in crop load greatly decreased vegetative and root growth. Total dry matter accumulation was highest in EMC/`GF 677' at any specific crop load, and EMC trees on `GF677' allocated relatively more dry matter than EMC/`Penta' trees to vegetative and root growth, even under increasing fruit sink demand. Two consecutive years of heavy crops resulted in an inverse relationship between crop load and dry matter accumulation of trees, due to a major reduction of vegetative, root, and fruit growth. The percentage of dry matter partitioned to fruit decreased with the vigor of the rootstock, and EMC/`Penta' trees had the lowest harvest index at each specific crop load. The early ripening EMC/`GF677' trees which had twice the harvest index of `Flaminia'/`GF677' trees for any level of crop load. `Flaminia'/`GF677' trees had the largest canopy size. Starch content in the roots was lowest for cropping trees and depended on the rootstock and on the length of the fruit development period, being highest for the late ripening `Flaminia'/`GF677' trees. Individual fruit weight decreased with crop load, and the reduction of fruit size was related to rootstock and time of ripening.

Download Full-text

Root growth and carbohydrate partitioning in cotton subjected to shading in the initial phase

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20180749 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fábio Rafael Echer ◽

Priscila Roberta Leme Zanfolin ◽

Ana Carolina Monico Moreira ◽

Ana Cláudia Pacheco Santos ◽

Pedro Henrique Gorni

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Root Growth ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Initial Phase ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Main Root ◽

Root Volume ◽

Mean Diameter

ABSTRACT: Cotton cultivation in Brazil tends to occur mostly in the rainy season, and at the time of developing the crop there are often prolonged periods of low solar radiation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the root development of cotton cultivars subjected to shading in the initial phase. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using rhizotrons. The experimental design was a 2x2 factorial in randomized blocks with five replications. The treatments were composed of cotton cultivars TMG 1WS (early) and TMG 8WS (late) and luminosity conditions: non-shaded and shaded (50% reduction of luminosity). There were no interactions between the factors “shading” and “cultivars” for any parameter evaluated. Shading reduced total and lateral root growth from the 21 days after emergence (DAE) and the main root at 24DAE. Shading caused reductions in length (60%), surface (65%), mean diameter (15%), root volume (69%), root dry matter mass (83%) and shoot (64%), as well as decreasing the content (36%) and the accumulation of carbohydrates in the shoot (73%). Shading at early cotton development reduces the shoot carbohydrates production, affecting dry matter accumulation and root growth, and this response is independent of the cultivar.

Download Full-text