scholarly journals Us and them: the role of group identity in explaining cultural resonance and framing effects

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope Sheets ◽  
Charles M. Rowling ◽  
Jason Gilmore ◽  
Niklas Melcher
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Cultural Resonance

Supernatural norm enforcement: Thinking about Karma and God reduces selfishness among believers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindel White ◽  
John Michael Kelly ◽  
Azim Shariff ◽  
Ara Norenzayan
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Total N ◽  
Norm Enforcement ◽  
Dictator Games ◽  
Within Subjects

Four experiments (total N = 3591) examined how thinking about Karma and God increases adherence to social norms that prescribe fairness in anonymous dictator games. We found that (1) thinking about Karma decreased selfishness among karmic believers across religious affiliations, including Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, and non-religious Americans; (2) thinking about God also decreased selfishness among believers in God (but not among non-believers), replicating previous findings; and (3) thinking about both karma and God shifted participants’ initially selfish offers towards fairness (the normatively prosocial response), but had no effect on already fair offers. These supernatural framing effects were obtained and replicated in high-powered, pre-registered experiments and remained robust to several methodological checks, including hypothesis guessing, game familiarity, demographic variables, between- and within-subjects designs, and variation in data exclusion criteria. These results support the role of culturally-elaborated beliefs about supernatural justice as a motivator of believer’s adherence to prosocial norms.

scholarly journals Moral labels increase cooperation and costly punishment in a Prisoner’s Dilemma game with punishment option

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mieth ◽  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Raoul Bell
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma Game ◽  
Costly Punishment ◽  
Moral Framing ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma Game

AbstractTo determine the role of moral norms in cooperation and punishment, we examined the effects of a moral-framing manipulation in a Prisoner’s Dilemma game with a costly punishment option. In each round of the game, participants decided whether to cooperate or to defect. The Prisoner’s Dilemma game was identical for all participants with the exception that the behavioral options were paired with moral labels (“I cooperate” and “I cheat”) in the moral-framing condition and with neutral labels (“A” and “B”) in the neutral-framing condition. After each round of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game, participants had the opportunity to invest some of their money to punish their partners. In two experiments, moral framing increased moral and hypocritical punishment: participants were more likely to punish partners for defection when moral labels were used than when neutral labels were used. When the participants’ cooperation was enforced by their partners’ moral punishment, moral framing did not only increase moral and hypocritical punishment but also cooperation. The results suggest that moral framing activates a cooperative norm that specifically increases moral and hypocritical punishment. Furthermore, the experience of moral punishment by the partners may increase the importance of social norms for cooperation, which may explain why moral framing effects on cooperation were found only when participants were subject to moral punishment.

WHAT DO WE HAVE IN-COMMON? OVERCOMING THE NOT-INVENTED-HERE SYNDROME THROUGH RECATEGORISATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150070
Author(s):  
MARION A. WEISSENBERGER-EIBL ◽  
TIM HAMPEL
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Group Identity ◽  
Large Field ◽  
External Knowledge ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Common ◽  
Dual Identities

The not-invented-here (NIH) syndrome describes a negatively-shaped attitude of employees towards externally generated knowledge. Despite being cited as one of the largest barriers in the transfer of external knowledge, empirical evidence on interventions to overcome NIH remains scarce. To address this research gap, we design a brief and specificrecategorisational-intervention on basis of the common in-group identity model in order to change employees’ attitudes towards external knowledge directly. Additionally, we take into account the effects of affirmations as a frequently mentioned countermeasure to NIH and also investigate the role of dual identities in recategorisation. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a large field experiment with a total of 1,097 employees within a multinational organisation. Results revealed that (I) organisational identification and status are positively related to higher levels of NIH, (II) a recategorisational-intervention completely removes the NIH bias and leads to a significant increase in the evaluation of external knowledge.

Gandhi’s Metaphysics as Encountering the 'Unreasonable'

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
Michael Allen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Growth ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Cultural Adaptations ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Moral Learning ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
Cultural Resonance ◽  
Conflict Resolutions

In this article, I reconsider Gandhi's relationship to liberal democracy. I argue that a properly Gandhian approach to this relationship should emphasize the role of the satyagrahi facilitating conflict resolutions and progress in truth. Above all, this approach calls upon courageous, exemplary individuals to pass over and join the viewpoints of 'unreasonables' marginalized by the liberal state. However, I also argue that contemporary Gandhians should explore cultural adaptations of the satyagrahi-role appropriate to highly materialistic, multicultural liberal-democracies. In these societies, the traditional figure of the ascetic or saint may lack popular cultural resonance. Moreover, moral learning and spiritual insight often derives from popular culture and entertainment as much as religious traditions, or devotional practices. Contemporary Gandhi’s scholars should thus consider the prospects for 'alternative satyagrahis' embracing some materialist values and cultural motifs, as appropriate sources spiritual growth and soul-force.

An examination of tax practitioner decisions: The role of preparer sanctions and framing effects associated with client condition

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaye J. Newberry ◽  
Philip M.J. Reckers ◽  
Robert W. Wyndelts
Keyword(s):  
Framing Effects

Framing effects under cognitive load: The role of working memory in risky decisions

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Whitney ◽  
Christa A. Rinehart ◽  
John M. Hinson
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Risky Decisions

Heroes and Companions in Hercules (2014)

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
Angeline Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Graphic Novel

This chapter shows how Brett Ratner, working from Steve Moore’s 2009 graphic novel as a foundation for the 2014 film Hercules, utilized the role of companions in this innovative framing of the Hercules myth. It focuses on an overlooked aspect of the narrative. Instead of Hercules performing his labors alone, Ratner’s version of the myth uses an ensemble cast to support the legendary warrior, creating a group identity rather than just an individual heroic identity. The companions all come from mythological bases of their own, but contribute here to a composite identity of heroism. The result is a more effective hero, as well as a resulting focus on storytelling.

Visual Performativity of Violence: Power and Retaliatory Humiliation in Islamic State (is) Beheading Videos Between 2014 and 2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-147
Author(s):  
Michael Krona
Keyword(s):  
Group Identity ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Layered Media ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Media Campaigns ◽  
Image Composition ◽  
Visual Propaganda

The significance of visual propaganda in war has never been as debated as since the Islamic State (IS) started gaining global attention for its sophisticated media campaigns in 2014. Although IS propaganda contains several narratives, the videos of beheadings have for years been at the centre of attention. This graphic violence involves deliberate choices in terms of image composition, lighting, camera-angles, and overall editing techniques deployed to reach maximum effects its targeted audiences. These videos are not only evidence of tactical choices in hybrid warfare, but also mediated communicative artefacts. This chapter aims to dissect this mediation of performative violence: the visualization of beheadings as multi-layered media artefacts, produced with the dual objective to incite fear among adversaries and strengthen the in-group identity of the organization. How videos of IS beheadings are designed is crucial to understand the role of visual propaganda in IS contemporary warfare. The chapter is based on qualitative visual analysis of beheading videos produced by IS official media wings between 2014 and 2017 with particular focus on image composition and sequencing, contextualized through a theoretical discussion about how power and retaliatory humiliation are constructed through the visual performativity of violence.

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