Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance in China: The Role of Education, FDI, and Trade

The literature has identified foreign credential devaluations and the shifting origins of immigrants to non-European sources as two factors that explain why some immigrants earn more than others. This study uses data from the Ethnic Diversity Survey to see how foreign credentials affect immigrants’ earnings, and whether immigrants with disadvantaged foreign credentials may be able to use ethnic social capital to mitigate the negative effect. Substantial gross earnings disparities exist among immigrant men and women of different origins, but much difference is due to human capital variations and duration of work. The study produces three major findings. First, foreign credentials benefit majority member immigrants but penalize visible minority immigrants. Second, immigrant men and women who maintain weak ethnic ties earn more than their counterparts with strong ties, suggesting that the enabling capacity of social capital for immigrants has been overstated. Third, there is no evidence of ethnic social capital being able to mitigate the negative effect of a credential deficit.

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The Role of Business Ethics in Economic Performance

10.1057/9780230379794 ◽

1998 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Keyword(s):

Business Ethics ◽

Economic Performance

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Peranan Negara dalam Liberalisasi Ekonomi Vietnam: Analisis Terhadap Dasar Doi Moi 1986

10.30880/ahcs.2020.01.01.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Muhamad Helmy Sabtu ◽

◽

Khairul Azman Mohamad Suhaimy ◽

Nurul Aimi Razali

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Foreign Investment ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Doi Moi ◽

The People ◽

Effective Policy ◽

Economic Landscape

This article analyses the role of state in the policy of economic liberalisation in Vietnam. Doi Moi, which was launched in 1986, is a very influential and effective policy in changing the socio-economic landscape of the people in the country. The results of this study prove that there are positive effects on the increase of foreign investment inflows, the eradication of starvation and unruly poverty, the increase of level of education, the improvement of gender equality and women's rights as well as the sustainability of the environment after Doi Moi is implemented. Through Doi Moi, Vietnam is moving towards a developing country status with good economic performance both at the Southeast Asian and global.

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KAUTILYA ON THE SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY OF ACCOUNTING, ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND THE ROLE OF ETHICS IN ANCIENT INDIA

Accounting Historians Journal ◽

10.2308/0148-4184.31.2.125 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 125-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Balbir S. Sihag

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Organizational Design ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Critical Role ◽

Ethical Values ◽

Allocation Of Resources ◽

Economic Data ◽

Ancient India

Kautilya, a 4th century B.C.E. economist, recognized the importance of accounting methods in economic enterprises. He realized that a proper measurement of economic performance was absolutely essential for efficient allocation of resources, which was considered an important source of economic development. He viewed philosophy and political science as separate disciplines but considered accounting an integral part of economics. He specified a very broad scope for accounting and considered explanation and prediction as its proper objectives. Kautilya developed bookkeeping rules to record and classify economic data, emphasized the critical role of independent periodic audits and proposed the establishment of two important but separate offices - the Treasurer and Comptroller-Auditor, to increase accountability, specialization, and above all to reduce the scope for conflicts of interest. He also linked the successful enforcement of rules and regulations to their clarity, consistency and completeness. Kautilya believed that such measures were necessary but not sufficient to eliminate fraudulent accounting. He also emphasized the role of ethics, considering ethical values as the glue which binds society and promotes economic development.

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Wider-community Segregation and the Effect of Neighbourhood Ethnic Diversity on Social Capital: An Investigation into Intra-Neighbourhood Trust in Great Britain and London

Sociology ◽

10.1177/0038038516641867 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 1011-1033 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

James Laurence

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Great Britain ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Linear Models ◽

Critical Role ◽

Hierarchical Linear Models ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Community Segregation ◽

Do So

Extensive research has demonstrated that neighbourhood ethnic diversity is negatively associated with intra-neighbourhood social capital. This study explores the role of segregation and integration in this relationship. To do so it applies three-level hierarchical linear models to two sets of data from across Great Britain and within London, and examines how segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested impacts trust amongst neighbours. This study replicates the increasingly ubiquitous finding that neighbourhood diversity is negatively associated with neighbour-trust. However, we demonstrate that this relationship is highly dependent on the level of segregation across the wider-community in which a neighbourhood is nested. Increasing neighbourhood diversity only negatively impacts neighbour-trust when nested in more segregated wider-communities. Individuals living in diverse neighbourhoods nested within integrated wider-communities experience no trust-penalty. These findings show that segregation plays a critical role in the neighbourhood diversity/trust relationship, and that its absence from the literature biases our understanding of how ethnic diversity affects social cohesion.

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Heterogeneous Effect of Ethnic Networks on International Trade of Thailand: The Role of Family Ties and Ethnic Diversity

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.1986018 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Jing-Lin Duanmu ◽

Yilmaz Guney

Keyword(s):

International Trade ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Family Ties ◽

Ethnic Networks ◽

Heterogeneous Effect

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International Trade and Economic Performance in Tanzania: Further Evidence

The African Review ◽

10.1163/1821889x-12340039 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Ally A. L. Kilindo

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

International Trade ◽

Economic Performance ◽

Trade Restrictions ◽

Correction Model ◽

Spurious Regression ◽

Long Run ◽

Reform Period ◽

Manufactured Goods

Abstract The study investigated the role of international trade in economic performance in Tanzania for the post reform period, from 1980 to 2018. International trade is measured by disaggregated imports and exports while economic performance is measured by GDP growth. Exports are disaggregated into manufactured goods and non-manufactured goods while imports are disaggregated into capital goods and intermediate goods. To obtain robust non-spurious regression results, Dickey-Fuller (D-F) and Phillips-Peron (PP) Unit Root tests were performed. Johansen Co-integration tests were employed to investigate long-run relationships between export, imports and economic growth. The Johansen test suggested a long-run relationship between international trade and its components and economic development. In addition, the Error Correction Model (ECM) results further supported a long-run relationship between international trade and economic growth in Tanzania. This calls for further opening of the economy and further liberalisation of trade restrictions.

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Cattle, Women, and Wells

10.1093/oso/9780198853046.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Camilla Toulmin

Keyword(s):

Economic Performance ◽

Climatic Variability ◽

Investment Decisions ◽

Field Research ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Farming Families ◽

And Migration ◽

Village Life

This book describes the choices open to farming families in the Sahelian village of Kala, in central Mali. Life in this drought-prone region is harsh and full of risk to health, crops, and livestock, yet there are also opportunities open to the hard-working, audacious and lucky, bringing considerable returns if the timing is right. Three inter-related themes underlie the analysis of production and investment decisions faced by households; the role of risk, the long timeframe within which decisions are made, and the close links between economic performance and household size and organisation. Climatic variability and demographic uncertainty lie at the heart of domestic structures; the extreme vulnerability faced by single individuals means people cluster in large kin-based groups, pooling risks and providing protection. The very limited development of labour markets means that households rely almost entirely on their own members for their workforce, and generating the capital needed for investing in ploughs, wells, carts and livestock must stem from a good year’s grain surplus and migration earnings. Based on field-research over the period 1980-82, this study illustrates a successful response to making ends meet in a land abundant region, despite high risks of drought. A follow-up study of this village was published in 2020: Land, Investment, and Migration. Thirty-five years of village life in Mali (OUP).

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