Studies on the performance of tubular flow reactor for esterification of free fatty acid from used cooking oil using highly porous cation exchange resin as catalyst

Cooking oil is one of the foods that are needed by the community in daily life. The use of cooking oil continuously at high temperatures, produces cooking oil that is no longer feasible to use. Therefore, it’s necessary to purify used cooking oil so that it can be reused for non-foood purposes such as making soap or biodiesel fuel. This purification process is utilie the activated carbon of reeds (Imperata cylindrica L. Raeusch) as an adsorbent to reduce the levels of free fatty acids and colors in used cooking oil. Free fatty acid content test using acid base titration method and color change using Uv-Vis spectrofotometry method. This study aims to determine the optimum concentration of reeds activated carbon as an adsorbent in reducing the levels of free fatty acids and colors in used cooking oil, which consists of the concentration of reeds activated carbon which is a consentration of 2,5; 5; 7,5; 10; dan 12,5%. The results of variance analysis showed the optimum concentration of reeds activated carbon to reduce the levels of free fatty acids and colors absorbance in used cooking oil at a concentration of 7,5%. The percentage of decreasing levels of free fatty acids gorengan and pecel lele are 78.57% and 78.85%. Decrease in absorbance of gorengan color from 1,792% to 0,384% and the pecel lele color absorbance from 2,521 to 0,515. Keywords : Activated Carbon,Color, Free Fatty Acid, Reeds, and Used Cooking Oil.

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The effect of concentrations and volumes of methanol in reducing free fatty acid content of used cooking oil as biodiesel feedstock

10.1063/1.4978203 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Tatang Shabur Julianto ◽

Suratmi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid Content ◽

Acid Content ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Feedstock

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ARANG AMPAS TEBU UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR ASAM LEMAK BEBAS MINYAK GORENG BEKAS

Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada ◽

10.34035/jk.v9i2.279 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 189-193

Author(s):

P Purwati ◽

Tri Harningsih

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Lower Free Fatty Acid

ABSTRAK Minyak digunakan secara berulangkali mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas minyak. Salah satunya adalah peningkatan asam lemak bebasnya. Limbah ampas tebu yang diubah ke dalam bentuk arang digunakan menurunkan asam lemak bebas pada minyak goreng bekas. Penambahan arang ampas tebu dengan variasi massa dapat menurunkan asam lemak bebas. Asam lemak bebas minyak bekas sebelum ditambah dengan arang ampas tebu adalah 0,62 %. Angka tersebut mengalami penurunan setelah penambahan variasi massa ampas tebu dimulai dengan 2,5 gram; 5,0 gram; 7,5 gram; 10,0 gram dan 12,5 gram. Hasil asam lemak bebas berturut-turut 0,61%; 0,55%; 0,48%; 0,45%; 0,43%. Kondisi optimum dari massa arang ampas tebu sebesar 12,5 gram. Prosentase penurunan asam lemak bebas sebesar 30,41 % dengan kadar asam lemak bebas dari sebelum dilakukan adsorbsi sebanyak 0,61% menjadi 0,43%. Kata kunci: arang ampas tebu, asam lemak bebas, minyak goreng bekas ABSTRACT Oils used repeatedly will result in a decrease in the quality of oil. One of which is the increase in free fatty acids. The waste bagasse which is converted into charcoal form used to lower free fatty acid in used oil casting. The addition of charcoal of bagasse with variation of mass can decrease free fatty acid. The fatty acid free of used oil before it is added with sugarcane bagasse is 0,62%. The number decreases after the addition of variation of bagasse mass begins with 2,5 grams; 5,0 grams; 7,5 grams; 10,0 grams and 12; 5 grams. Free fatty acids result are 0,61%; 0,55%; 0,48%; 0,45%; 0; 43% respectively. The optimum condition from the mass of charcoal of bagasse is 12,5 grams. Percentage of free fatty acid decrease of 30,41% with free fatty acid content from before adsorbs 0,61% to 0,43%. Keywords: charcoal of bagasse, free fatty acids, used cooking oil

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Penurunan Bilangan Peroksida Dan Asam Lemak Bebas Pada Minyak Jelantah Menggunakan Serbuk Mahkota Dewa

Sainteks: Jurnal Sains dan Teknik ◽

10.37577/sainteks.v2i2.265 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 83-87

Author(s):

Mutiara Putri Utami Susanto ◽

Kenny Kencanawati ◽

Dwi Tia Septiani ◽

Sani Nurahayu

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Analysis ◽

Peroxide Number ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Stirring Time

The study used mahkota dewa as adsorben to decrease of the peroxide number and free fatty acids on the used cooking oil with immersion variations for 2 days dan 3 days and also concentration variations of mahkota dewa 5 % w/v, 10 % w/v, and 20 % w/v. The results of the peroxide analysis test still exceed the required number of SNI namely 10 meq O2/kg and the results of the free fatty acid analysis test in the sample with immersion and stirring time for 2 days and 3 days the concentration of mahkota dewa 20 % w/v has met the SNI, which is 1.04 % and 0.91%.

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Analisis Minyak Jelantah Sebagai Bahan Bakar Biodiesel dengan Proses Transesterifikasi

Jurnal Daur Lingkungan ◽

10.33087/daurling.v1i1.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hadrah Hadrah ◽

Monik Kasman ◽

Fitria Mayang Sari

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Quality

Waste cooking oil is used oil that has been used for domestic purposes and has undergone changes, both physically and chemically. One effort that can be done to reduce the adverse effects of used cooking oil is changed the material used cooking oil into biodiesel. In this study of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil is done by using biodiesel transesterification reaction as generally through a pretreatment in order to reduce the number of Free Fatty Acid in cooking oil. The high number of Free Fatty Acid will complicate the separation of glycerol from biodiesel so that production of biodiesel will be slight. Test parameters of biodiesel quality produced by transesterification process refers to the Indonesian biodiesel quality standard ISO 7182: 2015. The production of biodiesel from used cooking oil in this experiment using variations methanol and sodium hydroxide solution ratio to the used cooking oil is 1: 2; 1: 4 and 1: 8. Test results showed that the quality of biodiesel is in compliance with ISO 7182: 2015 on the parameters of viscosity, density and flame test. While the Free Fatty Acids remained above the quality standard ISO 7182: 2015.Keywords : Waste cooking oil, Transesterification, Biodiesel

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A Catalyst Reusability Study in Palm Fatty Acid Distillate and Glycerol Esterification using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Reaction Kinetics Approach

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development ◽

10.29037/ajstd.612 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo ◽

Febbie Setyaningrum ◽

Rochmadi ◽

Mohammad Fahrurrozi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Kinetic Study ◽

Cation Exchange ◽

Exchange Resin ◽

Cation Exchange Resin ◽

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ◽

Catalyst Reusability ◽

Glycerol Esterification ◽

Fatty Acid Distillate

As a byproduct of the physical refinement of crude palm oil, palm fatty acid distillate or PFAD has a potential to be transformed into monoglycerides by means of irreversible esterification with glycerol over a cation exchange resin catalyst. Irreversibility of the esterification can be assured by continuous azeotropic removal of water by adding xylene as an entrainer. Because PFAD-glycerol esterification demands high temperatures for fast conversion and high selectivity of monoglycerides, it is necessary to test catalyst reusability performance. In this research, evaluation of catalyst reusability performance was based on five parameters: free fatty acid conversion, the rate of free fatty acid decomposition, the selectivity of monoglycerides, monoglyceride concentration, and the cation exchange capacity of the catalyst. The cation exchange resin used was Tulsion T-42 SM. The evaluation was conducted using the simple multi-attribute rating technique extended to ranking (SMARTER) method. The results showed that the optimum reaction temperature was 180°C. Ultimately, a kinetic study at 180°C was also performed to model the reaction after using similar catalysts for certain times. This kinetic study revealed that the reaction mechanism changed from Langmuir-Hinshelwood to Eley-Rideal after several cycles of catalyst reuse.

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Mutu Minyak Jelantah Dengan Adsorben Biji Salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.)Voss) menggunakan Parameter Bilangan Peroksida dan Asam Lemak Bebas

Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) ◽

10.22487/j24428744.2019.v5.i2.10070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 124-131

Author(s):

Ihwan Ihwan ◽

Fadlia Fadlia ◽

Syariful Anam

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Peroxide Value ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

National Standard ◽

Quality Requirements ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Used Cooking Oil

Quality of used cooking oil with snake fruit (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) seed adsorbent has been conducted. This study aims to determine the ability of snake fruit seed in reducing peroxide value and free fatty acids in used cooking oil which can improve the quality and extend usage lifespan of the used cooking oil. The oil sampled in this study was packaged cooking oil which is usually used to fry food untill 7th frying. The oil was then neutralized using snake fruit activated charcoal. The test refers to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7709: 2012 as the quality requirements of cooking oil. The results showed that snake fruit activated charcoal can reduce peroxide value as much as 56.18% and free fatty acid 76.04% in the used cooking oil.

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