UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ISOLAT SENYAWA GOLONGAN TERPENOID DARI BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VIVO PADA KELINCI JANTAN

research on the isolation of terpenoid class of compounds from the seeds of papaya (Carica papaya L.) and test its activity against Staphylococcus aureus in vivo in male rabbits. This research aims to prove that the terpenoid compounds isolated from the seeds of papaya (Carica papaya L.) can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vivo. Separation of terpenoid compounds by column chromatography ((eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate: ethanol)) resulted in 25 eluates, and then merged based on the results of identification by TLC ((nhexane: ethyl acetate (8: 2)) and the color test reagent Lieburmann -Burchard produce 5 fraction groups. fraction D showed positive terpenoids with Rf 0.75 and the color purple with Lieburmann-Burchard reagent. study using 15 rabbits were divided into 5 groups: P1 (negative control), P2 (positive control) , P3 (5% of the test group), P4 (10% of the test group), P5 (test group 15%). each group was given the intracutaneous Staphylococcus aureus as 0,2ml on the backs of rabbits. Having symptoms of infection each group was given the test substance 3 times a day topically, the observed parameter is the diameter of the wound, and histopathological observations performed on days 3,6 and 9 Analysis of the results of research conducted using ANSIRA showed highly significant differences between groups (p <0.05). Then proceed with the analysis of the results of the analysis HSD test showed highly significant differences in the test group 5% to 10% of the test group and the test group 15%. Isolates terpenoid class of compounds from the seeds of papaya (Carica Papaya L.) with a concentration of 10% and 15% can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, male rabbits

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) TERHADAP Salmonella typhi dan Escherichia coli

Dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) was a typical plant of Kalimantan. Empirically dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) used by the comunity to treat skin infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of dayak onion power against Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli bacteria. The highest concentration used was 100%, and the lowest concentration was 0,5%. As a control of cloramfenikol for Salmonella typhi and ciprofloxacin for Escherichia coli bacteria. This research method used agar diffusion. The results showed the ethanol extract of dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phenols with the highest levels was by tannins at 7,45%. Dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) are inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)of 1% with a inhibition zone diameter of 6,24 mm and 0,9% with a inhibition zone diameter of 6,20 mm at Escherichia coli bacteria.Keywords : Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Agar diffusion, MIC

EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN GERIATRI RAWAT JALAN DI RSUD DR. A. DADI TJOKRODIPO

Hypertension is a condition in which systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. Hypertension is often found in geriatrics that can affect the onslence of heart disease and blood vessels. Increased cases of hypertension, the rational use of drugs by hypertensive patients is one of the important elements in achieving health quality. The purpose of this study is to find out the harsh use of antihypertensive drugs in outpatient geriatric patients at Dr. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo Hospital bandar Lampung. This type of research is non experimental with a descriptive design using retrospective data with purposive sampling methods. The results of the study were based on the pattern of use of antihypertensive with the ATC/DDD method in hypertension patients in Dr. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung city is 5331,03 DDD/1000 KPRJ, there are nine types of antihypertensive used, namely amlodipine, lisinopril, candesartan, irbesartan, furosemide, spironolactone, ramipril, bisoprolol and captopril. Antihypertensive in the drug uses segment 90%, namely amlodipine 44.37%, lisinopril 16.88%, candesartan 15.46% and irbesartan 13.65%. The study was based on 100% patient accuracy criteria, 100% indication accuracy, 89.3% drug accuracy and 92% dose accuracy. The conclusion of this study, the pattern of use of antihypertensive widely used is amlodipine amounting to 2365.52 DDD/1000 KPRJ, antihypertensive that enters the drug uses segment 90% namely amlodipine, lisinopril, candesartan and irbesartan.Keywords: Antihypertensive, Geriatrics, Outpatient, Drug Use

TELAAH FITOKIMIA KULIT KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea, L).

Peanut peel are a waste product of the peanut processing industry with little commercial value. Some of studies have been conducted indicating peanut peel can be beneficial as a source for traditional medicinal products since it is also rich of antioxidants. The aim of this research was to identify the content of secondary metabolites on the peanut peel. The method used was maseration with 96% ethanol. Phytochemical screening and assaying were performed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) method. The results of TLC analysis showed that the secondary metabolites in peanut peel were positive for flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and quinon. Keywords: Peanut peel, Phytochemical, Thin-Layer chromatography (TLC)

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI FISIK SAMPO ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK UBI JALAR UNGU (Ipomoea Batatas L.)

Oksidasi bisa terjadi bukan hanya pada kulit saja melainkan rambut juga bisa mengalamiproses oksidasi. Paparan sinar UV-A, UV-B, polutan dan bahan kimia yang digunakanpada rambut berpotensi untuk menyebabkan oksidasi. Antosianin diketahui memiliki efekantioksidan karena merupakan senyawa turunan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengembangkan formula sampo yang mengandung ekstrak ubi jalar ungu sebagaisumber antioksidan. Formula dibuat dengan menggunakan bahan natrium lauril sulfat,NaCl, propilen glikol, metil dan rpopil paraben dan ekstrak ubi jalar ungu. Optimasi sediaanhanya dilakukan pada variasi konsentrasi NaCl sebagai peningkat viskositas di konsentrasi2%, 3% dan 4%. Evaluasi sediaan meliputi uji organoleptik, pH, bobot jenis, dayapembersihan, tinggi dan stabilitas busa. Sediaan memiliki pH yang memenuhi rentangpersyaratan sediaan maupun stabilitas antosianin. Perbandingan tinggi busa pada waktu20 menit terhadap waktu 1 menit yang dihasilkan oleh formula 1,2,3 berturut-turut 1 ; 0,8dan 0,5. Bobot jenis yang dihasilkan sediaan pada formula 1, 2, 3 secara berturut-turutadalah 1,0409 ; 1,1 dan 1,116 . Sampo dengan formula 2 yang dengan variasi NaCl padakonsentrasi 3% secara aplikasi paling nyaman untuk digunakan karena memilikikekentalan paling sesuai.Kata Kunci: Sampo antioksidan, ubi jalar, antosianin.

SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN ANALISIS KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS EKSTRAK KULIT PISANG KEPOK

Kepok banana peel is an organic waste that has potential to be reused. Several studies proofed that banana peels have antioxidant activity, antimicrobial, inhibit the formation of cholesterol crystals and gallstones, diuretic effect, and mutagenic effect. This study aims to identify secondary metabolites contained in kepok banana peels using qualitative test methods (phytochemical screening) and thin layer chromatography analysis. The results of the phytochemical screening of kepok banana peel indicated the presence of alkaloids, monoterpenes/sesquiterpenes, phenols/tannins, saponins,and quinones. Thin layer chromatographic profile of ethanol extract showed the presence of flavonoid, phenol, and quinone compounds.Keywords: Phytochemical, chromatography, banana peel

NARRATIVE REVIEW TANAMAN YANG BERPOTENSI SEBAGAI IMMUNOMODULATOR

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) is an infectious disease caused by the acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2. Currently, the COVID-19 disease outbreak is experienced by various countries around the world, including Indonesia. In overcoming it, there are several ways of deterrence that can be done, such as by increasing the body's immunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining immunity is something that needs to be considered. In addition to vitamins, herbal plants that have the potential as immunomodulators can also be consumed. Therefore, through efforts to improve theimmune system, this review aims to obtain plants that have the potential as immunomodulators to enhance the immune system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research method in the review used journals available online at Google Scholar with Sinta or Garuda accredited journals. The main focus of this review is herbal plants that have a role as an immunomodulator that can improve the body's immune system. The journals used are journals published in 2011-2021 with inclusion criteria, namely using Indonesian or English about plants that have the potential as immunomodulators, then the journalsobtained are analyzed. The results obtained were 30 types of plants that have potential as immune system enhancers including Dayak Onion Tubers, Papaya Leaves, Kecombrang Fruits, Pineapple Fruits, Kesambi, Soursop Leaves, Purslane, Garlic, Dates, Celery Leaves, Andaliman, Mahkota Dewa Fruit. , Moringa, Meniran, Noni Fruit, Gotu Kola, Sambiloto, Kiseureuh, Javanese Chili, Tempuyung Leaves, Basil Leaves, Ceplukan, Seaweed, Neem Leaves, Red Betel Leaf, Salam Leaves, Guava, Turmeric, Lime and Red Ginger Rhizome with compounds that act as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, triterpenoids,xeronin, tannins, quersentin, -tocopherol, lycopene, catechins, diterpenoids, deoxyandrographolide, andrographolide, epicatechin isothiocyanate and curcumin. Keywords: COVID-19, Potency of Immumodulator Plants, Flavonoids

FRAKSI ETANOL EKSTRAK KULIT PISANG KEPOK KUNING ( Musa balbisiana) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Propionibacterium acnes

Yellow kepok banana peel (Musa balbisiana) contains antibacterial compounds against S. epidermidis, S. aureus and P.acne. This study aims to proved the antibacterial activity of the yellow kepok banana peel extract fractionated using ethanol as a solvent against S.epidermidis, S.aureus and P.acne. The yellow kepok banana peel extraction process was carried out by maceration method with 70% ethanol followed by fractionation to obtain ethanol fraction. Antibacterial activity testing using nutrient agar (NA) media with wells method with a concentration of 25,000 ppm, 50,000 ppm, 100,000 ppm, aquadest as a negative control and clindamycin as a positive control. The phytochemical test of the ethanol fraction showed the content of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and quinones. The results of the inhibition zone diameter of the ethanol fraction at a concentration of 100,000 ppm against S. epidermidis (11.87 mm), S. aureus (12.04 mm) and P. acne (11.35 mm). The test is to determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) the minimum inhibitory concentration value of the ethanol fraction of S. epidermidis, S. aureus is 20,000 ppm and for P. acne is 17,500 ppm. The conclusion of this studied was that the ethanol fraction of kepok yellow banana peel extract has inhibitory and bacteriostatic properties against S. epidermidis, S. aureus and P.acne bacteria.Keywords: alkaloids,Ant ibacter ial , flavonoids , Fractionated, Musa balbisiana

RASIONALITAS PENGGUNAAN OBAT ANTIHIPERTENSI PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI RAWAT INAP DI RS DAERAH Dr. A. DADI TJOKRODIPO BANDAR LAMPUNG

Hypertension is one of non contagious diseases marked by the increase of systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg. Hypertension becomes the main risk factor of other cardiovascular diseases. The number of hypertension occurance with or without companion increases every year. The purpose of this research is to know the rationality of anti - hypertension medicine usage on hypertension inpatients at RSUD of Dr. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung year of 2019 based on precise patient, precise indication, precise medicine, and precise dosage using reference standard of Guidelines JNCVIII. This research was a descriptive research with data collection of medical record retrospectively. The technique of sample selection used purposive sampling technique. The research results obtained from 82 samples based on the patients’ characteristics of genders such as 50 female patients (60,98%) and 42 male patients (39,02%). The patients’ characteristics based on age obtain mostly the patients are at age of 46-55 years old in the amount of 39 patients (47,6%). The patients’ characteristics based on the pattern of medicine usage obtain the most anti-hypertension used is amlodipin CCB class in the amount of 54 patients (45%). Rationality evaluation of anti-hypertension medicine usage obtains precise patient in the amount of 81 patients (99,8%), precise indication in the amount of 82 patients (100%), precise medicine in the amount of 61 patients (74,4%), and precise dosage in the amount of 82 patients (100%). The conclusion of this research is the usage of hypertension on the hypertension inpatients at Public Hospital of Dr. A. Dadi Tjokrodipo Bandar Lampung is already rational. Keywords: Anti-hypertension, Hypertension, Rationality of Medicine Usage

EVALUATION OF THE USE OF ANTIMALARIA MEDICINES IN HANURA HEALTH CENTRE PESAWARAN DISTRICT PERIOD JANUARY-DECEMBER IN 2018

Malaria is a public health problem in Indonesia, especially those living in isolated areas. This is published in Presidential Regulation No. 5/2010 concerning the National Medium Term Development Plan for malaria endemic areas, which are divided into high, medium and low endemic areas. High endemic if the API is greater than 50 out of 1,000 population in the provinces of Maluku, Papua, North Sumatra and East Nusa Tenggara. Moderate endemic if the API is 1 to less than 50 dari 1,000 population in the provinces of Aceh, Bangka Belitung, Jambi and West Nusa Tenggara. Low endemic if the API is 0-1 per 1,000 population in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and parts of Java. This study aims to determine the evaluation of the use of antimalarial drugs with the characteristics of age, sex, and type of malaria plasmodium at the Hanura Public Health Centre based on the criteria of the right indication, the right drug, the right dose, the right interval of drug administration (4T). This research is a descriptive research with purposive sampling method. Collection of prescription data and medical records in January-December 2018. The results showed that in cases of Malaria based on age, the most common cases occurred in the age range of 56-65 years, amounting to 99.6%, based on sex experienced in men by 77.41%, based on body weight the most occurred at 41-59 kg at 45.16%, based on the type of plasmodium experienced plasmodium vivax mostly at 84.95%. Based on these data, it was concluded that the evaluation of the use of antimalarial drugs based on 4T criteria was 100% accurate indication, 100% correct drug, 72.04% correct dose, 98.92% correct interval of drug administration. Keywords: Malaria vivax, treatment, Puskesmas, 4T