The Effectiveness of Pineapple Extract (Ananas Comosus) and Kesum Leaves (Polygonus Minus) on the Quality of Coconut Oil (Coconus Nucifera)

The processed oil from the coconut plant is generally understood as coconut oil. A method is required to produce a product with a higher oil extraction rate and is able to reduce the water content and free fatty acids in the coconut oil production. It is also necessary to add substances that can delay or prevent fat oxidation reactions by generating substances in the form of antioxidants. The method that can be implemented is the enzymatic method employing the bromelain enzyme in a pineapple with the addition of an antioxidants substance from the kesum leaf. The objective of this research is to describe the quality of coconut oil after the addition of pineapple (ananas comosus) and kesum leaves (polygonus minus) extracts. The parameters for describing the quality of the oil are the organoleptic test, the degree of acidity, the oil extract rate, the peroxide number, the saponification number, and the acid number. This research is a quasi-experiment. The samples in this research were coconut oil without the addition of pineapple fruit extract, coconut oil with the addition of pineapple fruit extract without the addition of kesum leaves, and coconut oil with the addition of pineapple fruit extract and kesum leaves as much as 20gr, 30gr and 40gr. Based on the statistical results of the linear regression test, it was discovered that p-value = 0.000 <0.05, so it was concluded that there was an effect of the addition of pineapple fruit and leaves of kesum on acid number content with an effect of 76.4% on the acid number, 71.4% on the peroxide number, and 81.5% to the saponification number. It is recommended to test the water content, free fatty acids, and iodine number.

Determination of Galendo’s Shelf Life on Various of Storage Temperatures by Arrhenius Method

This study aims to estimate the shelf life by applying the Arrhenius formula model to "galendo" which is vacuum packed and stored at various temperatures. Estimation of the shelf-life limit of galendos was carried out by measuring the peroxide number and sensory values ​​of galendos which were deliberately kept open without being packed at room temperature (25 ○C). The sensory values ​​used as the threshold for consumer rejection of the level of galendo's rancid odor were achieved on the 27th day of storage and the current peroxide count value was 42.2724 meq/kg. Galendo which was vacuum packed with aluminum foil and stored at various temperatures of 15 ○C, 25 ○C, and 35 ○C, then the shelf life was determined using the Arrhenius and Q10 models based on the parameters of the total peroxide number (TPN) and the total microbial content. Based on the experiment in this study, the estimation results of galendo's shelf life based on the total peroxide number (TPN) test parameter show that storage at 15 ○C has a shelf life of 83 days with a deterioration rate (k) of 0.0207, storage at 25 ○C shelf life 67 days with a deterioration rate (k) 0.0247, and storage at a temperature of 35 ○C for 58 days with a deterioration rate (k) 0.0286. The rate of quality degradation with a value of Q10 (15 oC - 25 oC) of 1.23 and a value of Q10 (25 oC - 35 oC) of 1.16. The higher the storage temperature, the higher the microorganism content.

Influence of migration of fats on oxidative processes in glazed candies

Многокомпонентный и сложный состав глазированных конфет с корпусами пралине и типа пралине обуславливает протекание процессов миграции и окислительной порчи жиров, которые приводят к ухудшению органолептических показателей. Целью исследования являлось изучение влияния свойств орехового сырья и температуры хранения на скорость окислительных процессов. Увеличение массовой доли линолевой кислоты от 0,9 % до 6,2 % в результате миграции жиров корпуса в глазурь обусловило повышение скорости окислительных процессов, что подтверждено исследованиями показателей окислительной порчи. После двух месяцев хранения при 18 °С перекисное число жировой фракции корпусов конфет, изготовленных с использованием орехов, увеличилось от 0,4-0,5 ммоль акт. кисл./кг до 0,4-1,2 ммоль акт. кисл./кг. В жировой фракции конфет, изготовленных на основе арахиса, в процессе хранения при 18 °С перекисное число увеличилось до 0,9-1,6 ммоль акт. кисл./кг. При этом индукционный период жировой фракции корпусов таких конфет уменьшился от 23,5 ч до 13,6 ч, то есть в 1,7 раза. Повышение температуры до 27 °С привело к уменьшению индукционного периода до 8,4 ч, то есть в 2,8 раза. Для корпусов конфет, изготовленных на основе орехов, индукционный период после 2 мес хранения конфет при температуре 18 °С уменьшился в 1,2 раза. Использование орехового сырья позволяет увеличить сохранность глазированных конфет на 14-29 % по сравнению с конфетами, изготовленными на основе арахиса. Полученные результаты позволяют обосновать дополнительные требования к качеству сырья и технологическим параметрам для гарантирования заданного срока годности глазированных конфет. The multicomponent and complex composition of glazed sweets with praline and praline-type bodies causes migration and oxidative spoilage of fats, which lead to deterioration of organoleptic characteristics. The aim of the study was to study the effect of the properties of raw nut materials and storage temperature on the rate of oxidative processes. An increase in the mass fraction of linoleic acid from 0.9 % to 6.2 % as a result of the migration of body fats into the glaze led to an increase in the rate of oxidative processes, which was confirmed by studies of indicators of oxidative spoilage. After two months of storage at 18 °C, the peroxide number of the fat fraction of the bodies of sweets made with nuts increased from 0.4-0.5 mmol act. O2/kg up to 0.4-1.2 mmol act. O2/kg in the fat fraction of peanut-based sweets, during storage at 18 °C, the peroxide number increased to 0.9-1.6 mmol act. O2/kg At the same time, the induction period of the fat fraction of the bodies of such sweets decreased from 23.5 hours. up to 13.6 hours, i.e. 1.7 times. An increase in temperature to 27 °C led to a decrease in the induction period to 8.4 hours, i.e. 2.8 times. For candy bodies made on the basis of nuts, the induction period after 2 months of storage of sweets at a temperature of 18 °C decreased by 1.2 times. The use of raw nut materials allows to increase the safety of glazed sweets by 14-29 % compared to sweets made on the basis of peanuts. The results obtained make it possible to substantiate additional requirements for the quality of raw materials and technological parameters to guarantee the specified shelf life of glazed sweets.

SOME QUALITY INDICATORS OF VEGETABLE OILS UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS

The aim of our work was to study the quality of vegetable oils - unrefined sunflower oil (grade I) and soy hydrated oil (grade I). One of the stages of the study was to determine the quality of vegetable oils - peroxide value (characterizes the amount of primary oxidation products of fats - peroxide compounds) and acid number (characterizes the total content of free fatty acids) in the samples of vegetable oils. The acid number was determined by titration (neutralization) of free fatty acids with alkali in the presence of an indicator (phenolphthalein). The peroxide number was determined by titration of the isolated iodine with a solution of sodium thiosulfate. Each study was reproduced 5 times. First of all, the quality indicators of oils (acid number and peroxide number) were determined in samples of fresh oils. Subsequently, the oil was kept for 3 months (in compliance with the recommended requirements for storage of oils and without compliance with the requirements for storage of oils) and re-determined these indicators. The quality of the investigated vegetable oils was determined by the indicators of acid number and peroxide number in accordance with the established requirements of the State Standards of Ukraine (DSTU EN ISO 660: 2009; DSTU 4570: 2006). The results of our research show that the level of acid number and peroxide level in samples of fresh oils meet the requirements of the State Standards of Ukraine (DSTU EN ISO 660: 2009; DSTU 4570: 2006) for this type of oil, which confirms the quality of oils and compliance with production , processing and transportation. It is shown that in the samples of aged oils (3 months, subject to storage requirements) the level of acid number and the level of peroxide number increases within normal limits. However, in the samples of aged oils (3 months, without compliance with storage requirements) there is a significant increase in the level of acid number and peroxide number, which does not meet the requirements of State Standards of Ukraine. As a result of research it is shown that the quality of vegetable oils depends on compliance with the recommended norms and conditions in the process of production, processing, transportation and storage. It is proved that under the conditions of violation of the recommended norms of storage in samples of high-quality vegetable oils the level of quality indicators of vegetable oils - acid number and peroxide number significantly increases.

UTICAJ NAČINA PRESOVANJA NA PROMENE LEŠNIKOVOG ULJA TOKOM ČUVANJA I SENZORNA SVOJSTVA KEKSA

The changes in the spectrum, peroxide numbers and specific absorbances (at 232 nm and 270 nm) of fresh and storaged oils (4 months at 4 °C) obtained by different hazelnuts pressing were monitored. The results showed reduced viability of the oil obtained from the hazelnut exposed to elevated temperature during conditioning and pressing: changes in the spectrum about 290 nm, a peroxide number close to the legally allowed maximum (7.5 mmolkg-1) and possible presence of secondary oxidation products. Sensory evaluation of biscuits with hazelnut oil showed that the samples belonged to the categories of quality: very good and good. The overall sensory score was highest for biscuits with hazelnut oil pressed in an electric press.

Penurunan Bilangan Peroksida Dan Asam Lemak Bebas Pada Minyak Jelantah Menggunakan Serbuk Mahkota Dewa

The study used mahkota dewa as adsorben to decrease of the peroxide number and free fatty acids on the used cooking oil with immersion variations for 2 days dan 3 days and also concentration variations of mahkota dewa 5 % w/v, 10 % w/v, and 20 % w/v. The results of the peroxide analysis test still exceed the required number of SNI namely 10 meq O2/kg and the results of the free fatty acid analysis test in the sample with immersion and stirring time for 2 days and 3 days the concentration of mahkota dewa 20 % w/v has met the SNI, which is 1.04 % and 0.91%.

Perubahan Bilangan Peroksida pada Blending VCO-Ekstrak Likopen Buah Tomat Berdasarkan Perbandingan Rasio dan Lama Penyimpanan

Utilizing of lycopene extract in VCO has serve as antioxidant agent that protected VCO from oxidation process during storage. Belnding of VCO and tomato lycopene extract has been done that purpose to determine changes in peroxide number in the mixture of VCO-lycopene extract tomatoes based on comparison of ratios and length of storage. Peroxide contents from the mixture of tomato extract with VCO were determined using a spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 500 nm. The results showed that the best results were obtained at a ratio of 40: 3 (v/w) with peroxide numbers 0.08 meq O2/ kg, 1.38 meq O2/ kg, 1.84 meq O2/ kg, 3.21 meq O2/ kg, 3.46 meq O2/ kg and 3.83 meq O2/ kg respectively. Peroxide numbers increased with increasing storage time, the highest increase occurred at week 3 at a ratio of 40: 1 (v/w) which was equal to 9.62 meq O2/ kg. The addition of lycopene was better at reducing the VCO oxidation process than without the addition of lycopene. Keywords: peroxide value, VCO, lycopene, duration of storage, ratio comparison

Pengaruh Perendaman Kulit Buah Cokelat (Theobroma cacao)Terhadap Kualitas Minyak Goreng Bekas

The use of waste oil that can cause health problems. The disturbance is caused by the high peroxide number triggered by oxidation and hydrolysis of oil in the presence of free fatty acids and high water content. Reuse of waste oil can be done with several alternatives such as the addition of natural antioxidants or synthesis. This study aimed to determine the effect of soaking wet and dry chocolate fruit on the quality of waste oil. The parameters seen are water content, acid numbers, peroxide numbers and free fatty acid levels. The moisture content was determined by the oven drying method, acid numbers and free fatty acid levels by the alkalimetry titration method, and peroxide number by the iodometry method. The results showed that the waste oil soaked on the exocarp of dried cacao is more optimal in reducing the peroxide number by 38.71%, while soaking with wet exocarp is only 12.14%. Moisture content increased by 0.08% on soaking with the exocarp of dried cacao, whereas wet exsocarp is 1.63%. Acid number increased 17.42% in soaking with the exocarp of dried cacao, whereas wet exocarp is 36%. Free fatty acid levels increased 0.64% in dumping with dried exocarp, while soaking with the exocarp of wet cacao increased by 0.82%.

UJI KUALITAS BAKASANG IKAN CAKALANG (KATSUWONUS PELAMIS) YANG ADA DI PASARAN BERDASARKAN PARAMETER FREE FATTY ACID (FFA) DAN PEROXIDE VALUE (PV)

ABSTRAK Bakasang adalah produk fermentasi yang dibuat dari jeroan ikan. Telah dilakukan penelitian uji kualitas bakasang ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) yang ada di pasaran berdasarkan parameter Free Fatty Acid (FFA) dan Peroxide value (PV). Bakasang yang digunakkan berasal dari empat tempat berbeda Sario, Tambala, Supermarket dan Karombasan. Bilangan peroksida tertinggi adalah bakasang yang dibeli di Supermarket 5,18 meq/kg dan yang terendah adalah bakasang yang dibeli di Tambala 3,88 meq/kg. Asam lemak bebas tertinggi adalah bakasang yang dibeli di Karombasan 2,13% dan yang terendah adalah bakasang yang dibeli di Sario 1,25%. ABSTRACT Bakasang is a fermented product made from fish innard. Research has been conducted of the quality of cakalang fish (Katsuwonus pelamis) on the market has been conducted based on the parameters of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and Peroxide value (PV). Bakasang used are from four different places: Sario, Tambala, Supermarket and Karombasan. The highest peroxide number was bakasang purchased at 5.18 meq / kg Supermarket and the lowest was bakasang purchased at Tambala 3.88 meq / kg. The highest free fatty acid was bakasang which was bought in Karombasan 2.13% and the lowest was bakasang which was bought in Sario 1.25%.

PENENTUAN BILANGAN PEROKSIDA MINYAK RBD (REFINED BLEACHED DEODORIZED) OLEIN PT. PHPO DENGAN METODE TITRASI IODOMETRI

This study aims to determine the quality of RBD olein produced by PT. PHPO according to the peroxide number which refers to SNI 01-3741-2002. The sample used is a yellow liquid fraction obtained by fractionation of RBD palm oil or crude palm oil CPO which has undergone a refining process. The sample was analyzed using the iodometric titration method. The results of the calculation of the average peroxide number of RBD olein oil is 0.282 mg O2 / 100 g. Based on these data, Olein RBD oil meets the company quality standard and SNI 01-3741-2002.