Selective Strategies in the Assimilation of Successively Presented Signals

1964 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Refractory Period ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Psychological Refractory Period ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Interstimulus Intervals ◽  
Total Reaction Time

It is found that performance in experiments on the psychological refractory period is highly affected by instructions. In the present experiment subjects were instructed either to handle the signals successively or to group them. Both instructions were obeyed. This seems to indicate that the human organism has various strategies available. Which strategy is actually applied is likely to depend on the structure of the experimental situation, and partly also, on momentary preference. This may explain the variety of results in the literature on this subject. Finally, it is found that, when two signals are presented simultaneously, the total reaction time is considerably shorter if the signals are “grouped” than if they are “handled successively.” This difference disappears at interstimulus intervals of 0.2 sec. and 0.4 sec. The hypothesis is put forward, that the gain in time at the former case is due to simultaneous perceptual processing of the signals.

Effect of Complexity of the Second Response on Reaction Time to the First Response in the Psychological Refractory Period Paradigm

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1075-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig J. Chamberlin
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Refractory Period ◽  
Psychological Refractory Period ◽  
Parallel Model ◽  
Relative Complexity ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Psychological Refractory Period Paradigm ◽  
First Response ◽  
Grouping Effect ◽  
Flexible Model

An attempt to distinguish serial from parallel models of central processing was made by manipulating the relative complexity of R2 and observing the effect of this manipulation on RT1 in the Psychological Refractory Period paradigm. 14 subjects performed under two conditions, either a simple or complex R2. Experimental controls were used to prevent a possible grouping effect of responses. The results did not support a parallel model of central processing but did support a serial view. Implications of results, combined with previous findings, for a more flexible model of central processing were discussed.

scholarly journals Total Reaction Time Performance of Individuals with Autism after a Virtual Reality Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 02 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dafne Herrero ◽  
Tânia Brusque Crocetta ◽  
Thais Massetti ◽  
Íbis Ariana Pena de Moraes ◽  
Isabela Lopes Trevizan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Time Performance ◽  
Reaction Time Performance ◽  
Total Reaction Time

Determination Of Reaction Time Changes Per Time Unit In Clot Assays

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lj Popović
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Standard Sample ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Total Reaction Time

Changes in reaction time of clot assays are usually expressed only in time units, which fails to indicate the extent of the increase or decrease of the reaction time of the tested specimens against that of the basic sample. Reaction time increases of, e.g. , 6 seconds in tested samples, compared to basic sample reaction times of 12 and 24 seconds respectively, signify an increase twice as large in the first as in the second instance.Changes in reaction time of clot assays can be expressed as the increment or decrement of the reaction time per time unit. This amount of increase or decrease (positive or negative alteration of reaction time, T a ) can be expressed as the quotient of the difference between the reaction times of the tested (T x ) and basic (To) samples and of the basic sample, e.g. in seconds per second, T a =T x -To/To. A test sample reaction time 6 seconds longer than basic sample reaction times of 12 and 2k seconds would mean an increase of 0.5 and 0.25 seconds per second, respectively.Reaction time changes of tested samples against that of the standard sample (T std ) can be calculated in a similar way, T a =T x -T std /T std .It can be assumed that this parameter reflects the intensity of the increase or decrease of reaction time per time unit. The quotient of the tested and basic samples can be considered as the coefficient of the increase or decrease of the total reaction time (CT=T x /To).

A Model of Human Reaction Time to Dangerous Robot Arm Movements

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin G. Helander ◽  
Mark H. Karwan ◽  
John Etherton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Motor Response ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Human Reaction ◽  
Arm Motion ◽  
Human Reaction Time ◽  
Total Reaction Time

An increasing number of studies indicate that robots are the most hazardous equipment in industry. The very virtue that makes them attractive for industrial work, the programmable arm, is the cause of accidents since the arm motion is often difficult to perceive. The present paper presents a model of human reaction time and emergency behavior. The total reaction time is the sum of three elements: perception, decision making and motor response. Each of these three elements are modeled using concepts such as perceptual discriminability and single detection theory. Finally the results of an experiment is presented where the human reaction time is modeled as a function of robot arm speed.

Fractionated Reaction Times and Movement Times of Down Syndrome and Other Adults with Mental Retardation

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. Davis ◽  
William A. Sparrow ◽  
Terry Ward
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Time Delay ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Elbow Extension ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Time Motor ◽  
Total Reaction Time

A fractionation technique was employed to determine the locus of reaction time delay in Down syndrome (DS) and other adult subjects with mental retardation (MH). Twenty-three subjects (8 nondisabled, 8 MH, and 7 DS) responded to a light, sound, and combination light/sound signal. Dependent measures of premotor time, motor time, total reaction time, and movement time were obtained during a 20° elbow extension movement and were analyzed separately. As expected, both MH and DS subjects were slower and more variable in their responses than the subjects without disabilities. In turn, DS subjects were significantly slower but not more variable than the MH subjects. There were no significant differences between the DS and MH subjects on movement times. Evidence for both a specific (premotor) and a generalized (both premotor and motor) locus of delay was found. Some difference in signal effect was also found for the DS subjects.

scholarly journals Optimization of the qPCR temperature profile is essential for efficient and rapid detection of Sars-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pál Salamon ◽  
Emese Bálint ◽  
Gyöngyi Tar ◽  
Beáta Albert
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Target Product ◽  
Detection Time ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Total Reaction Time

Abstract qPCR protocols should specify shorter annealing and extension times to optimize the efficacy of the target product. These specific times must be long enough for the complexes to form at the correct binding site, but if these times are too long, it can result in unspecified products. Our results show that reducing the reaction time during the second cycle can increase the specificity of the resulting product and thus reduce the total reaction time. The overall temperature profile, optimized for the target gene, shortens the detection time, allowing faster and more specific detection of the presence of the Sars-CoV-2.

scholarly journals A 18F-labeled dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) derivative for copper-free click labeling of biomolecules

MedChemComm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 654-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kettenbach ◽  
T. L. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Prosthetic Group ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Very High ◽  
Total Reaction Time

The new prosthetic group 18F-TEG-DBCO (dibenzocyclooctyne) can be prepared within a total reaction time of 60 min including purification with an overall yield (n.d.c.) of 34 ± 5%. Copper-free click cycloadditions with various biomolecule-azides resulted in very high RCYs under mild conditions.

scholarly journals A Comparative Usability Study of Bare Hand Three-Dimensional Object Selection Techniques in Virtual Environment

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1723
Author(s):  
Xiaozhou Zhou ◽  
Hao Qin ◽  
Weiye Xiao ◽  
Lesong Jia ◽  
Chengqi Xue
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ray Casting ◽  
Object Selection ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Bare Hand ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dimensional Object ◽  
Total Reaction Time

Object selection is the basis of natural user–computer interaction (NUI) in a virtual environment (VE). Among the three-dimensional object selection techniques employed in virtual reality (VR), bare hand-based finger clicking interaction and ray-casting are two convenient approaches with a high level of acceptance. This study involved 14 participants, constructed a virtual laboratory environment in VR, and compared the above two finger-based interaction techniques in terms of aspects of the task performance, including the success rate, total reaction time, operational deviation, and accuracy, at different spatial positions. The results indicated that the applicable distance range of finger clicking interaction and finger ray-casting was 0.2 to 1.4 m and over 0.4 m, respectively. Within the shared applicable distance, the finger clicking interaction achieved a shorter total reaction time and higher clicking accuracy. The performance of finger clicking interaction varied remarkably at the center and edge of the horizontal field of view, while no significant difference was found among ray-casting at various horizontal azimuths. The current findings could be directly applied to the application of bare-hand interaction in VR environments.

scholarly journals Drivers ’reaction time research in the conditions in the real traffic

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Droździel ◽  
Sławomir Tarkowski ◽  
Iwona Rybicka ◽  
Rafał Wrona
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
Brake Pedal ◽  
Accelerator Pedal ◽  
Total Reaction ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Real Traffic ◽  
Total Reaction Time

AbstractThe article presents the results of research on the total reaction time of drivers in real traffic conditions. The tested driver had to react to a complex signal by performing a braking manoeuvre. The measurements were based on the author’s method combining the measurements of reaction time during the actual driving with their computer analysis. The research group consisted of 15 drivers with different seniority of driving licences. The study measured the time of perception and the time of leg transfer from the accelerator pedal to the brake pedal. The results were subjected to analysis and on its basis conclusions were formulated.

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