scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of contagious pathogens in bulk tank milk and their effects on somatic cell counts and milk yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Alfonso Zecconi ◽  
Francesca dell’Orco ◽  
Nicoletta Rizzi ◽  
Diego Vairani ◽  
Micaela Cipolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

scholarly journals Extensive Countrywide Field Investigation of Somatic Cell Counts and Total Bacterial Counts in Bulk-Tank Raw Milk in Sheep Flocks in Greece

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Daphne T. Lianou ◽  
Charalambia K. Michael ◽  
Natalia G. C. Vasileiou ◽  
Efthymia Petinaki ◽  
Peter J. Cripps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

Objectives were to investigate somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in the raw bulk-tank milk of sheep flocks in Greece, to study factors potentially influencing increased SCC and TBC in the bulk-tank milk of sheep and to evaluate possible associations of SCC and TBC with milk content. Throughout Greece, 325 dairy sheep flocks were visited for collection of milk sampling for somatic cell counting, microbiological examination and composition measurement. Geometric mean SCC were 0.488 × 106 cells mL−1; geometric mean TBC were 398 × 103 cfu mL−1; 228 staphylococcal isolates were recovered form 206 flocks (63.4%). Multivariable analyses revealed annual incidence risk of clinical mastitis, age of the farmer and month into lactation period (among 53 variables) to be significant for SCC > 1.0 × 106 cells mL−1 and month into lactation period at sampling and availability of mechanical ventilators (among 58 variables) to be significant for TBC > 1500 × 103 cfu mL−1. Negative correlation of SCC with fat, total protein and lactose and positive correlation of SCC with added water were found. With SCC > 1.0 × 106 cells mL−1, significant reduction of protein content (2%) was observed, whilst in flocks with SCC > 1.5 × 106 cells mL−1, significantly lower annual milk production per ewe (42.9%) was recorded.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection of Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in Cattle Bulk Tank Milk in Cyprus and Relations with Somatic Cell Counts

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Maria Liapi ◽  
George Botsaris ◽  
Costas Arsenoglou ◽  
Nikolas Markantonis ◽  
Christodoulos Michael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

One hundred and seventy-seven (177) bulk tank milk samples were analyzed with a commercially available real-time polymerase chain reaction kit and 11 (6.21%), 41 (23.16%), and 58 (32.77%) tested positive for Mycoplasma bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between the presence of S. aureus and S. agalactiae. Enumeration of somatic cells was performed in the same samples by flow cytometry. The somatic cell counts were found higher in S. aureus and S. agalactiae positive samples. No association was found between M. bovis presence and somatic cells counts. Low internal assay control Ct values were found to be related with high somatic cell counts. Noticeably, this is the first report for the presence of M. bovis in Cyprus. Therefore, its presence was confirmed by bulk tank milk culture, conventional PCR, and next generation sequencing. Furthermore, M. bovis was typed with multilocus sequencing typing and was allocated to sequence type 29 (ST 29). Real-time PCR in bulk tank milk samples is a useful tool to detect mammary infections, especially for neglected pathogens such as M. bovis.

Effects of season, milking routine and cow cleanliness on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddalena Zucali ◽  
Luciana Bava ◽  
Alberto Tamburini ◽  
Milena Brasca ◽  
Laura Vanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of season, cow cleanliness and milking routine on bacterial and somatic cell counts of bulk tank milk. A total of 22 dairy farms in Lombardy (Italy) were visited three times in a year in different seasons. During each visit, samples of bulk tank milk were taken for bacterial and somatic cell counts; swabs from the teat surface of a group of cows were collected after teat cleaning and before milking. Cow cleanliness was assessed by scoring udder, flanks and legs of all milking cows using a 4-point scale system. Season affected cow cleanliness with a significantly higher percentage of non-clean (NC) cows during Cold compared with Mild season. Standard plate count (SPC), laboratory pasteurization count (LPC), coliform count (CC) and somatic cell count, expressed as linear score (LS), in milk significantly increased in Hot compared with Cold season. Coagulase-positive staphylococci on teat swabs showed higher counts in Cold season in comparison with the other ones. The effect of cow cleanliness was significant for SPC, psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC), CC and Escherichia coli in bulk tank milk. Somatic cell count showed a relationship with udder hygiene score. Milking operation routine strongly affected bacterial counts and LS of bulk tank milk: farms that accomplished a comprehensive milking scheme including two or more operations among forestripping, pre-dipping and post-dipping had lower teat contamination and lower milk SPC, PBC, LPC, CC and LS than farms that did not carry out any operation.

Bulk tank milk somatic cell counts in dairy herds with different bovine viral diarrhoea virus status in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Jolanta G. Rola ◽  
Magdalena Larska ◽  
Monika Grzeszuk ◽  
Lukasz Bocian ◽  
Aleksandra Kuta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Bulk Tank

scholarly journals Relationship among specific bacterial counts and total bacterial and somatic cell counts and factors influencing their variation in ovine bulk tank milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. de Garnica ◽  
B. Linage ◽  
J.A. Carriedo ◽  
L.F. De La Fuente ◽  
M.C. García-Jimeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Bulk Tank

Bacterial and Somatic Cell Counts in Bulk Tank Milk from Nine Well Managed Herds1

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 930-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. HOGAN ◽  
K. H. HOBLET ◽  
K. L. SMITH ◽  
D. A. TODHUNTER ◽  
P. S. SCHOENBERGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

Factors associated with bulk tank milk bacterial and somatic cell counts were investigated for one year on nine well managed dairies. Geometric mean total bacterial count among dairies was 4.4 × 103 colony cfu/ml. Geometric mean bulk tank milk somatic cell counts among herds was 265 × 103ml. Bacterial counts in bulk tank milk were correlated with rates of coliform and environmental streptococcal clinical mastitis cases. Rates of total clinical cases were also correlated with bulk tank milk somatic cell counts. Correlations were measured among bulk tank milk bacterial counts and gram-negative bacterial, coliform, Klebsiella species, and streptococcal counts in materials used to bed lactating cows. Total bacterial and staphylococcal bulk tank milk counts increased when synthetic rubber liners were used greater than 800 quarter milkings. Correlations measured indicated that monitoring bulk tank milk may be an effective means of detecting management changes in herds with low bacterial and milk somatic cell counts.

Collaborative Study to Determine Effects of Milk Composition on Somatic Cell Counts

1990 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. HOGAN ◽  
K. LARRY SMITH ◽  
D. A. TODHUNTER ◽  
P. S. SCHOENBERGER
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

Quarter, composite, and bulk tank milk samples were analyzed in a three laboratory collaborative study to determine the relationship of milk fat and protein content with milk somatic cell counts. Milk somatic cell counts were determined by two Coulter counters, a Fossomatic counter, and by direct microscopic somatic cell counting. In general, variability among somatic cell counts measured by different procedures was not related to protein or fat content of milk. The greatest percentage of variation between counts that could be explained by fat content of milk was 20.2% between a Coulter and direct microscopic somatic cell counts. The greatest percentage of variation between counts that could be explained by protein content of samples was 12.9% between a Coulter and Fossomatic counts. Breed of cow from which samples were collected also had little influence on differences among milk somatic cell counts. Differences among milk somatic cell counts due to counting methods did vary among quarter, composite, and bulk tank milk samples.

scholarly journals Bulk tank milk somatic cell count and sources of raw milk contamination with mastitis pathogens

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rysanek ◽  
V. Babak ◽  
M. Zouharova
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Contamination ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

The objective of this study was to probe the relationship between prevalence of selected principal mastitis pathogens and somatic cell counts in bulk tank milk samples. The sources of milk contamination were evaluated. The samples were collected from 298 dairy herds (with approximately 32 000 dairy cows). Only 48.3% of the bulk tank milk samples were free of contamination of pathogens of interest. Approximately 38.9% of the milk samples were contaminated with only one, 12.4% with two and 0.3% with three pathogens. The arithmetic mean of logarithmically transformed data of bulk tank milk somatic cell count rise in order: pathogen free, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Streptococcus uberis</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (5.381; 5.413; 5.495; 5.518; 5.563, respectively). The arithmetic mean differences between bulk tank milk somatic cell counts in pathogen-free and single-pathogen contaminated samples have revealed a significance for the <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Using binary logistic regression, a statistically highly significant relationship (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) has been found between the number of contaminations of bulk tank milk samples with mastitis pathogens and bulk tank milk somatic cell counts. The relationship allows the determination of the probability of finding relevant mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk samples with different levels of bulk tank milk SCC. A 63% probability can be defined at a cell count level of 400 000/ml and 20% at a cell count level of 100 000/ml. Analysis may reveal the potential sources of the bulk tank milk sample contamination, i.e. infected mammary glands or the environment. The presence of high levels of contamination along with a low bulk tank SCC may suggest an environmental source of contamination. The study clarified that a potential source of bulk tank milk contamination by relevant pathogens (the environment or the mammary gland) may be elucidated and the probability of the contamination of bulk tank milk samples with mastitis pathogens predicted by the analysis of relationship between the bulk tank milk somatic cell counts and the number of mastitis pathogen contaminations.

scholarly journals Association of Breed of Sheep or Goats with Somatic Cell Counts and Total Bacterial Counts of Bulk-Tank Milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7356
Author(s):  
Daphne T. Lianou ◽  
Charalambia K. Michael ◽  
Natalia G. C. Vasileiou ◽  
Dimitra V. Liagka ◽  
Vasia S. Mavrogianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Significant Factors

The objective was to describe potential associations of somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in bulk-tank milk from sheep and goat farms with breeds of these animals in Greece. In total, 325 dairy sheep flocks and 119 dairy goat herds were visited for the collection of milk; the breed of animals in farms was evaluated for a potential association with SCC or TBC. The most frequently seen sheep breeds were the Lacaune (95 flocks) and the Chios (44 flocks). The most frequently seen goat breeds were the indigenous Greek (Capra prisca) (50 herds) and the Murciano-Granadina (13 herds). In a multivariable analysis, the breed and the application of machine-milking in sheep flocks, and the breed and the management system in goat herds emerged as significant factors for increased SCC (>0.75 × 106 cells mL−1) in bulk-tank milk. Further, the month of lactation at sampling in sheep flocks emerged a significant factor for increased TBC (>1500 × 103 cfu mL−1) in bulk-tank milk.

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