scholarly journals A study of retrieval processes in action memory for school-aged children: the impact of recall period and difficulty on action memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 792-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Badinlou ◽  
Reza Kormi-Nouri ◽  
Monika Knopf
Keyword(s):  
Recall Period ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Action Memory ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 Home Confinement in Children’s Refractive Errors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5347
Author(s):  
Cristina Alvarez-Peregrina ◽  
Clara Martinez-Perez ◽  
Cesar Villa-Collar ◽  
Cristina Andreu-Vázquez ◽  
Alicia Ruiz-Pomeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Population ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Near Work ◽  
The Impact

Background: Myopia is a public health problem, with estimations that 50% of the world population will be myopic by 2050. Some environmental factors, such as time spent outdoors, doing near work, and using digital devices, influence the development of myopia in children. Home confinement in Spain has increased these risk factors, so this study aims to investigate the impact of home confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak in the vision of school-aged children; Methods: A cross-sectional study in children between 5 and 7 years old that completed a visual screening and a questionnaire about their lifestyles at opticians in Spain in September and October of 2019 and 2020. Statistical analysis to compare lifestyles pre and post confinement, and vision in 2020 versus a similar cohort examined at the same opticians in 2019, was conducted; Results: Spanish children spent less time outdoors and more time doing near work in 2020 than in 2019 (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant decrease of the spherical equivalent (mean ± standard deviation; 0.66 ± 2.03 D in 2019 vs. 0.48 ± 1.81 D in 2020; p ≤ 0.001); Conclusions: Lifestyles of Spanish children changed during the home confinement at the beginning of 2020. Together with changes in their lifestyles, spherical equivalents have decreased, which implies higher figures of myopia for children aged between 5 and 7.

Health Literacy of Parents and Carers in a Regional Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272684X2110225
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Leach ◽  
Sue Nichols ◽  
Sven Trenholm ◽  
Martin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Australian Community ◽  
Literacy Scores ◽  
The Impact

Background Supporting a child’s healthy development is determined, in part, by a parent’s ability to seek, access, interpret and effectively utilize health information. This aspect of parenting draws on a set of skills referred to as health literacy. Objective To assess the level of health literacy among parents/carers in a regional South Australian community. Methods Parents/carers of primary school-aged children, residing in Whyalla, South Australia, were invited to complete the 13-item All Aspects of Health Literacy Survey. Results 155 parents/carers completed the survey (79% mothers). Most participants were English-speaking (97%), employed (62%) and had 2–3 children (62%), with 52% completing tertiary education. Median total health literacy scores were mostly in the moderate-high range (median 27, IQR 26,27), as were critical health literacy scores (median 7, IQR 6,8). Higher scores were reported for functional health literacy (median 8, IQR 7,9), communicative health literacy (median 9, IQR 8,9) and empowerment health literacy (median 4, IQR 3,5). Conclusions Our findings reveal modest levels of health literacy among a sample of parents/carers of primary school-aged children in a regional South Australian community. Further work is needed to understand the differential effect of parental health literacy on child health outcomes, and the types of strategies that may mitigate the impact of these barriers on a child’s healthy development.

scholarly journals Reopening schools safely in the face of COVID-19: Can cluster randomized trials help?

2021 ◽  
pp. 174077452098486
Author(s):  
Charles Weijer ◽  
Karla Hemming ◽  
Spencer Phillips Hey ◽  
Holly Fernandez Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
School Closures ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Face ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Policymaking

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the challenges of evidence-based health policymaking, as critical precautionary decisions, such as school closures, had to be made urgently on the basis of little evidence. As primary and secondary schools once again close in the face of surging infections, there is an opportunity to rigorously study their reopening. School-aged children appear to be less affected by COVID-19 than adults, yet schools may drive community transmission of the virus. Given the impact of school closures on both education and the economy, schools cannot remain closed indefinitely. But when and how can they be reopened safely? We argue that a cluster randomized trial is a rigorous and ethical way to resolve these uncertainties. We discuss key scientific, ethical, and resource considerations both to inform trial design of school reopenings and to prompt discussion of the merits and feasibility of conducting such a trial.

scholarly journals Rubella Antibody Levels in School-Aged Children in Newfoundland: Implications for a Two-Dose Rubella Vaccination Strategy

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ratnam ◽  
Roy West ◽  
Veeresh Gadag ◽  
Brett Williams ◽  
Elizabeth Oates
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Rubella Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevailing levels of rubella immunity among school-aged children who received a single dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine at one year of age.DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with a two stage cluster sampling of randomly picked schools across the province of Newfoundland.STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS: A total of 1053, five to 17-year-old children were enrolled; vaccination history was verified through official records; and a sample of blood was taken. Rubella immunity was determined by enzyme immunoassay based on a serum antibody protective cut-off titre of more than 10 IU.RESULTS: A total of 145 (13.8%) were found to be nonimmune. The rate of susceptibility ranged from 3.2% to 25.9% for different age groups. The proportion susceptible was significantly higher at 16.5% in the age group eight to 17 years old versus 3.9% for the age group five to eight years old (χ2=24.08; df=1, P<0.001). There was a significant regression of logarithm titre values on the age of children with an average decline in titre values of 8.1% per annum.CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of those who were given a single dose of MMR II vaccine may not have protective immunity against rubella as they reach prime reproductive age. There is a definite need to consider a two-dose rubella vaccination strategy in Canada, and these data suggest the second dose given after eight years of age will be most beneficial. In the move towards a routine two-dose measles vaccination strategy in Canada, the MMR II vaccine is being used for the second dose and given either at 18 months of age or at school entry. While this approach will have an overall beneficial effect, the impact of the above timing of the second dose on long term rubella immunity cannot be predicted at this time. These data also underscore the continuing need for prenatal rubella screening program.

Item Pool Development for the School-Aged Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (SA- LIBRE5-12) Profile Computerized Adaptive Test (CAT): An Observer-Reported Outcome Assessment Measuring the Impact of Burn Injuries in School-Aged Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvanys L Rodríguez-Mercedes ◽  
Khushbu F Patel ◽  
Camerin A Rencken ◽  
Gabrielle G Grant ◽  
Kate Surette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Computerized Adaptive Test ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Adaptive Test ◽  
Life Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Item Pools

Abstract Introduction The transition from early childhood to teen years (5-12) is a critical time of development, which can be made particularly challenging by a burn injury. Assessing post-burn recovery during these years is important for improving pediatric survivors’ development and health outcomes. Few validated burn-specific measures exist for this age group. The purpose of this study was to generate item pools that will be used to create a future computerized adaptive test (CAT) assessing post-burn recovery in school-aged children. Methods Item pool development was guided by the previously developed School-Aged Life Impact Burn Recovery Evaluation (SA-LIBRE5-12) Conceptual Framework. The item pool development process involved a systematic literature review, extraction of candidate items from existing legacy measures, iterative item review during expert consensus meetings, and parent cognitive interviews. Results The iterative item review with experts consisted of six rounds. A total of 10 parent cognitive interviews were conducted. The three broad themes of concern were items that needed 1) clarification, needed context or were vague, 2) age dependence and relevance, and 3) word choice. The cognitive interviews indicated that survey instructions, recall period, item stem, and response choices were interpretable by respondents. Final item pool based on parental feedback consist of 57, 81, and 60 items in Physical, Psychological, and Family and Social Functioning respectively. Conclusion Developed item pools (n=198) in three domains are consistent with the existing conceptual framework. The next step involves field-testing the item pool and calibration using item response theory to develop and validate the SA-LIBRE5-12 CAT Profile.

The Impact Of Acute Bouts Of Two Types Of Physical Activity On Cognition In Elementary School-aged Children

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Ashlyn Schwartz ◽  
Aslynn Halvorson ◽  
Michael McClanahan ◽  
Gregory Grieco ◽  
Dawn Coe
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Anterograde and Retrograde Effects of Benzodiazepines on Memory

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1460-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Beracochea
Keyword(s):  
Memory Processes ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Retrograde Memory ◽  
The Impact

Benzodiazepines are known as “acquisition-impairing” molecules, and their effects on anterograde memory processes are well described. In contrast, the impact of benzodiazepines on retrograde memory and, more particularly, on retrieval processes, is only marginally studied. This mini-review provides an overlook of the main studies evidencing an effect of benzodiazepines on retrograde memory, both in humans and animals, with special emphasis on retrieval processes. The conditions for the emergence of the benzodiazepine-induced retrieval impairments are also discussed.

scholarly journals 21.L. Workshop: To what extent can we trust our data on trends in mental health among adolescents?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Psychosomatic Complaints ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Mental health complaints have increased among school-aged children in the Nordic countries, especially among girls according to survey data in the Nordic countries. Moreover, the consumption of mental health services among adolescents has also increased. However, criticism from qualitative researchers have questioned the validity of the response to survey questions and the interpretation of the results. This controversy has been public in the media both in Denmark and Sweden. The objectives of the workshop are to describe trends in mental health among adolescents in the Nordic countries, review criticism of mental health indicators, discuss measurement and analytical options, and consider consequences for policy making. Moreover, the workshop will discuss the situation in other parts of the worlds. Researchers in five Nordic countries have collaborated in the Health Behaviour of School-aged Children (HBSC) study to mental health. School-aged children, 11-, 13- and 15-year olds (n = 112,000) have participated in HBSC surveys. Of key concern are psychosomatic complaints (1985-2018), but trends will also be presented for indicators of excellent self-rated health and high life satisfaction (2002-2018), with additional indicators of positive mental health (Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, General self-efficacy, Self-esteem) from the 2017/18 HBSC data collection. There has been an increase in the psychosomatic complaints among girls and boys, in all age groups and in the five Nordic countries. Strengths and limitations of epidemiological surveys will be discussed. The impact of different frequency cut points will be presented as well as the heterogeneities regarding profiles of adolescents with different combination of negative and positive mental health indicators. Moreover, qualitative studies and registry-based analysis will be used as contrasting evidence. The qualitative studies on symptom perception indicate that the prevalence of problems may be overestimated, and data from psychiatric care and prescription of drugs show important increase. After an introduction and two presentations the workshop will be a dialogue with the participants. First the core similarities and differences between countries will be explored. Then the policy implications will be discussed. Key messages The HBSC survey design give thousands of adolescents and children across dozens of nations the ability to be heard through a reliable and valid methodology. It is important to use indicators according to their intended use, monitoring of population trends, developing causal networks of determinants, screening of clinical cases or as diagnostic tools.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PARENTS IN BOLO VILLAGE IN SUPPORTING DISTANCE LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Ida Mawaddah ◽  
Zulhafriliya Zulhafriliya ◽  
Sudarsono Sudarsono
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Family Values ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Distant Learning ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The Impact

The Indonesian government was concerned about the impact of a wider spread of Covid-19, so it moved quickly to break the chain of transmission by urging people to live a healthy lifestyle, avoid crowds, and keep a safe distance. As a result, the circumstance has a significant impact on education and learning. The goal of this study is to learn more about the role of parents in promoting distant learning and to identify the characteristics that encourage and limit distance learning in Bolo Village during the Covid-19 outbreak. Students are forced to study from home due to government regulations. Teachers can ensure students' learning activities in a variety of ways, one of which is by involving parents as the primary companion of students when they are at home. The participants in this study were parents and their junior high school-aged children. The information was gathered through organized interviews utilizing the researcher's prepared questions. The data in this study was analyzed utilizing qualitative data analysis approaches such as the Miles and Huberman model, which features a cycle that includes data reduction, data presentation, verification, and conclusion drafting. According to the findings of this study, parents in Bolo Village played four roles in supporting learning from home during the Covid-19 pandemic: 1) accompanying children in learning, 2) intense communication with children, 3) providing supervision to children, and 4) educating and supporting children motivation. The supporting variables discovered are: 1) responsibility, 2) family values, and 3) availability to satisfy the needs of children. There are also barriers, such as 1) internet network issues, 2) too much workload, and 3) boring and less diversified learning approaches.

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