scholarly journals On continuous-flow techniques for the purging of contaminated water in ballast water tanks

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
J O Flower
Keyword(s):  
Ballast Water ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Flow Techniques

Automated Fluoride Ion Determination

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Cowell
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Fluoride Ion ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Electrode Response ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode ◽  
Flow Techniques

An automated method is described, using standard continuous flow techniques, for the determination of urine fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. It is shown that the kinetics of the electrode response to changes in fluoride ion can be used for the accurate measurement of fluoride ion concentration in urine, and that equilibration of the electrode response is not a prerequisite for the measurement of fluoride ion. Recovery experiments are in the range 83 to 90%; in-batch precision is between 0·9 and 1·6% and carryover 2·5% or less.

Functional Group Interconversion Reactions in Continuous Flow Reactors

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Leslie ◽  
Angel Maria Joseph ◽  
Marcus Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Modern Synthesis ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Flow Synthesis ◽  
Specific Reaction ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactors ◽  
Flow Techniques

: An overview of the current uptake of continuous flow techniques for various functional group interconversion reactions is presented. Besides highlighting a variety of prominent examples and their main features, this review provides insights into specific reaction classes, such as oxidations, reductions, rearrangements as well as different C-H functionalization processes. While this review can only include key examples from the last decade, the reader will find a solid foundation of important transformations along with further references to inform and appreciate the opportunities arising from modern synthesis technologies such as flow synthesis.

Parallel synthesis of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives using microwave and continuous-flow techniques

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Szommer ◽  
András Lukács ◽  
József Kovács ◽  
Miklós J. Szabó ◽  
Michael G. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Parallel Synthesis ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Flow Techniques

Zeolite/Cerium Oxide Coat-on Activated Alumina Ball for Arsenite Removal via Fixed- Bed Continuous Flow Adsorption Column

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suttikorn Suwannatrai ◽  
Dickson Y. S. Yan ◽  
Pummarin Khamdahsag ◽  
Visanu Tanboonchuy
Keyword(s):  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Activated Alumina ◽  
Initial Flow ◽  
Alumina Ball

Arsenite (As(III)) has threatened human life for ages. It is a necessity to remove As(III) from the contaminated water before general use. With the improvement of adsorption, higher As(III) removal can be achieved. This study aimed to develop zeolite/cerium oxide coat-on activated alumina ball adsorbent (CeZ-ball) with the aid of PVA binder and apply it to a fixed-bed continuous flow column for As(III) adsorption. The coating percentage of CeZ-ball was studied. Cerium ions leaching from CeZ-ball were monitored throughout the 2,880-min-column run to confirm the stability of CeZ attached to an activated alumina ball. Surface area, pH point of zero charge, and structural property of CeZ-ball were characterized. An average CeZ coating of 83.3% and rare leaching of cerium proved the coating method. The models proposed by Yoon-Nelson provided the most satisfactory fit with the breakthrough curve (r2 = 0.985, MPSD = 2.547, and q0 = 3.481 mg·g–1) under experimental conditions of the flow rate of 5 mL·min–1, As(III) influent concentration of 1 mg·L–1, and CeZ-ball weight of 40 g. The half-time of breakthrough (τ) was 1,228.739 min. The effects of the key parameters, including initial adsorbent weight, initial flow rate, and initial As(III) concentration, were investigated for the performance of As(III) adsorption. Simulated from the Yoon-Nelson model, the τ increased as well as the adsorbent weight but decreased as the flow rate increased, thus impacting the As(III) concentration. With the optimal condition, the fixed-bed continuous column with CeZ-ball could be used in As(III) removal from contaminated water.

scholarly journals Legionnaires Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 049-052
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. R. ◽  
Sandhya Rani B. S.
Keyword(s):  
Hot Water ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legionnaires Disease ◽  
Clinical Awareness ◽  
Hot Tubs ◽  
Water Tanks

AbstractLegionnaires' disease is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any type of Legionella bacteria. The bacterium is found naturally in fresh water.[4] It can contaminate hot water tanks, hot tubs, and cooling towers of large air conditioners.[4] It is usually spread by breathing in mist that contains the bacteria.[4] It can also occur when contaminated water is aspirated.[4] It typically does not spread directly between people and most people who are exposed do not become infected.[4] Risk factors for infection include older age, history of smoking, chronic lung disease, and poor immune function.[5] There is still a low level of clinical awareness regarding Legionnaires' disease 25 years after it was first detected.

Continuous Flow Techniques in Organic Synthesis

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 5708-5723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Jas ◽  
Andreas Kirschning
Keyword(s):  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Techniques

Removal of Topside Units in a Single Lift: The Repsol Yme Field Case Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Alonso Castro ◽  
Terje Birkenes ◽  
Huib Oosterveld
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The North ◽  
Offshore Installations ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Water Tanks

Decommissioning is an emerging sector in the UK and Norway, accounting for 2% of total industry expenditure in 2010 increasing to 8% in 2017. In accordance with existing regulations in the North Sea (OSPAR), dumping, and leaving wholly or partly in place disused offshore installations within the maritime area is prohibited. Over the next eight years, 200 platforms are expected to be removed in the North Sea. There are a number of methods to remove offshore installations: Piece small, Reverse installation and Single lift. In the Single lift approach the jacket or the topside is removed in one piece, minimizing significantly the time offshore and therefore the safety and health incidents. But the Piece Small and Reverse Installation are the most common methods and are established and secure although are time consuming and labor intensive [1]. Several potential candidates for single lift technology at varying levels of technical readiness were considered in the past. The majority of the concepts remained on the drawing board, while some were awaiting project commitment. The only that was matured further than this is the Pioneering Spirit. Yme, its first commercial lift, gave this concept the “proven” status. The Yme MOPU, owned by Repsol, was a jack-up type platform standing on three steel legs of 3.5 m diameter. The dry weight of the MOPU was approximately 13,500 t. The Yme MOPU was a challenging unit to remove mainly for three reasons: The platform motions due to the lack of stiffness in the leg support, its position in contact with the caisson wellhead platform, and the fact that the legs could not be pre-cut before the operation. The method selected to remove the platform was Single lift, using the dynamically positioned platform installation and removal vessel Pioneering Spirit. The lifting arrangement consisted of 12 lift beams combined and connected in pairs to yokes. Five specifically designed yokes were installed. The yokes connect the TLS with the MOPU. The structural integrity of each interface was assessed with FE analysis. The Ballast system was used to provide additional clearance. Pioneering Spirit has a total of eighty-seven ballast water tanks, including four so called ‘Quick Drop Ballast Water Tanks’. The removal of the MOPU was performed successfully the 22nd August 2016, after two days work offshore.

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