Healthcare-associated infections in children: knowledge, attitudes and practice of paediatric healthcare providers at Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dramowski ◽  
Andrew Whitelaw ◽  
Mark F. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

scholarly journals Increased Involvement of Klebsiellapneumoniae and Enterococcusfaecium in Healthcare-Associated Infections of Intensive Care Units in Taiwan

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1349
Author(s):  
Yu-Ren Lin ◽  
Yen-Yue Lin ◽  
Chia-Peng Yu ◽  
Ya-Sung Yang ◽  
Chun-Gu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Control Protocols ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) cause increases in length of stay, mortality, and healthcare costs. A previous study conducted in Taiwan obtained similar results to those reported in Korea and Japan in 2015. Changes in microorganisms have been noted in recent years. Understanding the recent condition of HAIs in intensive care units (ICUs) can enable healthcare providers to develop effective infection control protocols to reduce HAIs. Methods: We used the Taiwan Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System to evaluate the incidence densities of HAIs, the proportions of causative pathogens, and the proportions of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The Poisson regression model was constructed to incidence density, and the chi-square test was used to assess proportion. Results: The incidence density of HAIs decreased 5.7 to 5.4 per 1000 person-days. However, the proportions of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecium significantly increased. In addition, the proportions of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium significantly increased over time. Conclusion: Analysis of the microorganisms involved in HAIs in ICUs showed elevated proportions of K. pneumoniae and E. faecium with AMR. Infection control protocols have been implemented for several years and require improvements regarding environmental cleanliness and medical staff prevention.

scholarly journals Evaluating the clinical and economic burden of healthcare-associated infections during hospitalization for surgery in France

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (12) ◽  
pp. 2473-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LAMARSALLE ◽  
B. HUNT ◽  
M. SCHAUF ◽  
K. SZWARCENSZTEIN ◽  
W. J. VALENTINE
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Burden Of Disease ◽  
Systèmes D’Information ◽  
Healthcare Associated

SUMMARYOver 4 million patients suffer nosocomial infections annually in the European Union. This study aimed to estimate the healthcare burden associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) following surgery in France, and explore the potential impact of infection control strategies and interventions on the clinical and economic burden of disease. Data on the frequency of HAIs were gathered from the 2010 Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information (PMSI), and cost data were taken from the 2009 Echelle Nationale de Coûts à Méthodologie Commune (ENCC). It was estimated that 3% of surgical procedures performed in 2010 in France resulted in infection, resulting in an annual cost of €57 892 715. Patients experiencing a HAI had a significantly increased mortality risk (4·15-fold) and an increased length of hospital stay (threefold). Scenario analysis in which HAI incidence following surgery was reduced by 8% (based on a study of the effectiveness of triclosan-coated sutures), suggested that, annually, 20 205 hospital days and €4 588 519 could be saved. Analyses of 20% and 30% reductions in incidence (based on an estimate of the number of preventable nosocomial infections) suggested that annual savings of €11 548 057 and €17 334 696, respectively, could be made. New infection control interventions which reduce HAI incidence during hospitalization for surgery have the potential to provide valuable cost savings to healthcare providers.

scholarly journals Perspectives and practices of healthcare providers and caregivers on healthcare-associated infections in the neonatal intensive care units of two hospitals in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i38-i50
Author(s):  
Gifty Sunkwa-Mills ◽  
Lal Rawal ◽  
Christabel Enweronu-Laryea ◽  
Matilda Aberese-Ako ◽  
Kodjo Senah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a serious threat to patient safety worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Reducing the burden of HAIs through the observation and enforcement of infection prevention and control (IPC) practices remains a priority. Despite growing emphasis on HAI prevention in low- and middle-income countries, limited evidence is available to improve IPC practices to reduce HAIs. This study examined the perspectives of healthcare providers (HPs) and mothers in the neonatal intensive care unit on HAIs and determined the major barriers and facilitators to promoting standard IPC practices. This study draws on data from an ethnographic study using 38 in-depth interviews, four focus group discussions and participant observation conducted among HPs and mothers in neonatal intensive care units of a secondary- and tertiary-level hospital in Ghana. The qualitative data were analysed using a grounded theory approach, and NVivo 12 to facilitate coding. HPs and mothers demonstrated a modest level of understanding about HAIs. Personal, interpersonal, community, organizational and policy-level factors interacted in complex ways to influence IPC practices. HPs sometimes considered HAI concerns to be secondary in the face of a heavy clinical workload, a lack of structured systems and the quest to protect professional authority. The positive attitudes of some HPs, and peer interactions promoted standard IPC practices. Mothers expressed interest in participation in IPC activities. It however requires systematic efforts by HPs to partner with mothers in IPC. Training and capacity building of HPs, provision of adequate resources and improving communication between HPs and mothers were recommended to improve standard IPC practices. We conclude that there is a need for institutionalizing IPC policies and strengthening strategies that acknowledge and value mothers’ roles as caregivers and partners in IPC. To ensure this, HPs should be better equipped to prioritize communication and collaboration with mothers to reduce the burden of HAIs.

scholarly journals Reduction of CLABSI in Telemetry Patients through Limiting Central Line Blood Draw

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Caselyn Lok
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
The Many ◽  
Healthcare Associated

CLABSI is known to be one of the many healthcare-associated infections that has led to an increase in health complications, length of hospital stays, and increased in healthcare cost. There is about 25000 bloodstream infection that occurs annually (Haddadin, Annamaraju, & Regunath, 2020). The PICOT question that guided this project was “How does limiting blood-draw from central venous catheter lines influence the rate of central-line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) post-implementation compared to rate of CLABSI pre-implementation after eight weeks?” CLABSI prevention bundles were already being used to guide healthcare providers in handling CVC access. There were 15 scholarly articles that supports the use of bundle programs in CVC access and addressing CLABSI. The reduction in handling and manipulation of the CVC access leads to lesser risks of infection. The intervention in this project is the reduction of the CVC access through the limiting of blood draws from central lines with rare exceptions. CVC is primarily used only for the administration of intravenous fluids, antibiotic, parenteral nutrition, and blood products. The intervention utilized a structured decision-making framework to follow during blood draws to avoid using the central line. The project resulted to a reduction of CLABSI rate from 7.9% pre-implementation rate to 0% post-implementation. The limiting of CVC access led to reduced CLABSI episode in the telemetry unit compared to the national average of 5.94%. The project has proven how the intervention implemented can be used in CLABSI prevention bundles to address healthcare associated infections.

Documentation of Adherence To Infection Prevention Best Practice in Patient Records – A Mixed-Methods Investigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alen Hascic ◽  
Aline Wolfensberger ◽  
Lauren Clack ◽  
Peter Werner Schreiber ◽  
Stefan P Kuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Background Healthcare-associated infections remain a preventable cause of patient harm in healthcare. Full documentation of adherence to evidence-based best practices for each patient can support monitoring and promotion of infection prevention measures. Thus, we reviewed the extent, nature, and determinants of the documentation of infection prevention (IP) standards in patients with HAI. Methods We reviewed the electronic patient records (EMRs) of patients included in four annual point-prevalence studies 2013-2016 who developed a device- or procedure-related HAI (catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), ventilator-associated infection (VAP), surgical site infection (SSI)). We examined the documentation quality of mandatory preventive measures published as institutional IP standards. Additionally, we undertook semi-structured interviews with healthcare providers and a two-step inductive (grounded theory) and deductive (Theory of Planned Behaviour) content analysis. Results Of overall 2972 surveyed patients, 249 patients developed 272 healthcare-associated infections (8.4%). Of these, 116 patients met the inclusion criteria, classified as patients with CAUTI, CLABSI, VAP, SSI in 21 (18%), 7 (6%), 10 (9%), 78 (67%) cases, respectively. We found a documentation of the IP measures in electronic medical records (EMR) in 432/1308 (33%) cases. Documentation of execution existed in the study patients’ EMR for CAUTI, CLABSI, VAP, SSI, and overall, in 27/104 (26%), 26/151 (17%), 46/122 (38%), 261/931 (28%), and 360/1308 (28%) cases, respectively, and documentation of non-execution in 2/104 (2%), 3/151 (2%), 0/122 (0%), 67/931 (7%), and 72/1308 (6%) cases, respectively. Healthcare provider attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control indicated reluctance to document IP standards. Conclusions EMRs rarely included conclusive data about IP standards adherence. Documentation had to be established indirectly through data captured for other reasons. It can be projected that a mandatory institutional documentation protocol and technically automated documentation would be necessary to alleviate this shortcoming in patient safety documentation.

scholarly journals Impediments to Compliance with Hand Hygiene among Medical and Dental Students in Medical and Dental College

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 260-266
Author(s):  
Harshita Hemant Sisodiya ◽  
Sneha Hemant Sisodiya ◽  
Nikhil Jaykumar Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Introduction: Hand hygiene is the first line of defense and a cost-effective method for reducing healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and antibiotic resistance. It is essential for healthcare professionals to have adequate knowledge regarding hand hygiene. Ensuring proper education of trainees is required as they are the healthcare providers of the future. Aim: To assess the impediments that both medical and dental trainees face in performing effective hand hygiene. Materials and Methods: The study questionnaire based on WHO’s concepts of "Five Moments for Hand Hygiene" and “Six Steps of Hand Hygiene” was sent to 225 participants from 2nd & 3rd MBBS and BDS courses. Associations between variables of interest were tested using the chi-square (χ2) test. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total 184 (81.9%) students from medical and 41(18.2%) from dental stream participated, 118 out of 225 were females and 107 were males. Out of 225, 175 (77.8%) participants used soap and water, 32 (14.2%) used hand rub. Also 98 out of 225 (43.6%) participants think that because of workload the steps of handwashing were missed. The various facilities like access to water, wash basin, soap, hand-rub, facilities for drying hands required for hand hygiene may be lacking as per 31.6% participants. It was noticed that 96 out of 225 (42.7%) use hand rub for less than 10 seconds duration, 86 (38.2%) for 11-20 seconds, 30 (13.3%) for 21-30 seconds while only 13(5.8%) used hand-rub for than 30 seconds. For performing handwash, 141 out of 225 (62.7%) used cloth towel, 62(27.6%) used paper-towel and 22(9.8%) used dryer for drying hands. 205 out of 225 (91.1%) participants think increasing the frequency of training and audits will help in improving the hand hygiene. Conclusion: Formal training in of hand hygiene needs to be incorporated in teaching at the undergraduate level which would ensure adequate and appropriate utilization of resources. Provision of adequate hand hygiene supplies, particularly soap and facilities for drying hands needs to be ensured. Key words: Healthcare associated infections, Hand rub, Hand wash, Undergraduate students.

Healthcare associated infections caused by non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR): six years of experience of a tertiary hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 06-12
Author(s):  
Zahidul Hasan ◽  
Md. Kamrul Islam ◽  
Arifa Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Recently non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR) are playing an important role in healthcare associated infections. This observational study in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city conducted during 01August 2007 to 30 June 2013 found that 34.8% isolated organisms from patients with healthcare associated infections were NFGNR. Majority (74.3 %) of these infections were occurring inside critical care areas. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter together constituted 79.6% of the total NFGNR whereas Burkholderia cephacia complex (15.4%), Stenotrophomonas (4.3%) and Chryseobacterium species (0.7%) combined constituted remaining 20.4%. Out of total NFGNRs, Pseudomonas was responsible for highest number of catheter associated urinary tract infections (55.6%), ventilator associated pneumonia (46.3%), respiratory tract infection (65.8%) and surgical site infection (70.6%). Blood stream infection was predominantly caused by Burkholderia cephacia complex (33.5%) and Acinetobacter spp. (39.5%). Other than colistin most of the organisms were resistant to antibiotics commonly recommended for NFGNR.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i2.19326 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(02): 6-12

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