Using the Hilbert–Huang spectrum transformation to estimate soil lead concentration

Abstract Soil lead levels were determined on and around a former battery manufacturing site. Lead concentrations ranging from 120 ppm to 5.1’ were found. The highest concentrations were found close to the factory site. When it was possible to obtain samples over a continuous depth range, it was found that lead concentration decreased with depth and that it increased above underground foundations.

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Newcastle Allotments Lead Biomonitoring Study: an investigation into the relationship between urban agriculture site soil lead concentrations and the blood lead concentration of gardeners

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isee.2016.4407 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lindsay Bramwell* ◽

Jackie Morton ◽

Jane Entwistle ◽

Phil Hartley ◽

Tanja Pless-Mulloli

Keyword(s):

Urban Agriculture ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Blood Lead Concentration ◽

Soil Lead ◽

The Relationship

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Spatial Hurdle Models for Predicting the Number of Children with Lead Poisoning

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15091792 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1792 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhen Zhen ◽

Liyang Shao ◽

Lianjun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Lead Poisoning ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Linear Models ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

Hurdle Model ◽

Soil Lead ◽

Hurdle Models ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Block Level

Objective The purpose of this study is to identify the high-risk areas of children’s lead poisoning in Syracuse, NY, USA, using spatial modeling techniques. The relationships between the number of children’s lead poisoning cases and three socio-economic and environmental factors (i.e., building year and town taxable value of houses, and soil lead concentration) were investigated. Methods Spatial generalized linear models (including Poisson, negative binomial, Poisson Hurdle, and negative binomial Hurdle models) were used to model the number of children’s lead poisoning cases using the three predictor variables at the census block level in the inner city of Syracuse. Results The building year and town taxable value were strongly and positively associated with the elevated risk for lead poisoning, while soil lead concentration showed a weak relationship with lead poisoning. The negative binomial Hurdle model with spatial random effects was the appropriate model for the disease count data across the city neighborhood. Conclusions The spatial negative binomial Hurdle model best fitted the number of children with lead poisoning and provided better predictions over other models. It could be used to deal with complex spatial data of children with lead poisoning, and may be generalized to other cities.

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The spatial distribution of soil lead pollution in the Middle Mukuvisi Catchment, Harare, Zimbabwe

Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.21472/bjbs.050905 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 47-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Boycen Kumira Mudzengi

Keyword(s):

Lead Concentration ◽

Industrial Area ◽

Sustainable Utilization ◽

Lead Pollution ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Soil Lead ◽

Pollution Levels ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

The Difference ◽

River Catchments

This research determined the spatial variation in soil lead pollution in the Middle Mukuvisi Catchment in Harare. Lead is one of the commonest urban pollutants and it induces negative effects on biophysical resources and humans. Part of the study area has been target of landfill programmes dating back to the 1950s. It is also subjected to industrial discharges from the Graniteside and Masasa Industrial Areas. The study catchment was stratified into two strata namely: Strata A (8 x 105 m2) and Strata B (10 x 105 m2) upstream and downstream with respect of the centre of the landfilled area respectively. These strata were digitized in Arc View Geographic Information System (GIS). Stratification enabled the testing of differences in soil lead pollution levels in the two study strata. Thirty soil samples were then collected from random points in the study area for laboratory chemical analysis. Fifteen points were randomly selected for each stratum. The results showed that soil lead concentration varies spatially in the study catchment. In comparison the strata upstream has lower average soil lead concentration than strata downstream with respect to the centre of the landfilled area. However, the difference in soil lead concentration between the two strata is not significant (p > 0.05). This can be explained by introduction of lead into the study catchment by other sources of pollution upstream such as Masasa Industrial Area. The other sources of lead into the study strata besides landfill leachate can be leakages from fuel stations and leaded fuel spillages from vehicles. It is anticipated further research in this area will contribute to the sustainable utilization of urban river catchments, especially where they are used for dumping wastes.

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Prediction of Children’s Blood Lead Levels from Exposure to Lead in Schools’ Drinking Water—A Case Study in Tennessee, USA

Water ◽

10.3390/w12061826 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1826 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dave DeSimone ◽

Donya Sharafoddinzadeh ◽

Maryam Salehi

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Elementary School ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Secondary School ◽

Elementary School Students ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

School Students ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Soil Lead

Lead (Pb) exposure can delay children’s mental development and cause behavioral disorders and IQ deficits. With children spending a significant portion of their time at schools, it is critical to investigate the lead concentration in schools’ drinking water to prevent children’s exposure. The objectives of this work were to predict students’ geometric mean (GM) blood lead levels (BLLs), the fractions of at-risk students (those with BLLs > 5 μg/dL), and the total number of at-risk students in one Tennessee school district. School drinking water lead concentration data collected in 2019 were input into the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic (IEUBK) model and the Bowers’ model to predict BLLs for elementary school students and secondary school students, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for both models. Drinking water concentrations were qualitatively compared with data collected in 2017. Two scenarios were evaluated for each model to provide upper and median estimates. The weighted GM BLL upper and median estimates for elementary school students were 2.35 μg/dL and 0.99 μg/dL, respectively. This equated to an upper estimate of 1300 elementary school students (5.8%) and a median estimate of 140 elementary school students (0.6%) being at risk of elevated BLLs. Similarly, the weighted GM BLL upper and median estimates for secondary school students were 2.99 μg/dL and 1.53 μg/dL, respectively, and equated to an upper estimate of 6900 secondary school students (13.6%) and a median estimate of 300 secondary school students (0.6%) being at risk of elevated BLLs. Drinking water remediation efforts are recommended for schools exhibiting water lead concentrations greater than 15 μg/L. Site-specific soil lead concentration data are recommended since the IEUBK was deemed sensitive to soil lead concentrations. For this reason, soil lead remediation may have a greater impact on lowering children’s BLLs than drinking water lead remediation. Remediation efforts are especially vital at elementary schools to reduce the population’s baseline BLL and thus the BLL projected by Bowers’ model.

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Global and Geographically Weighted Quantile Regression for Modeling the Incident Rate of Children’s Lead Poisoning in Syracuse, NY, USA

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph15102300 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2300 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhen Zhen ◽

Qianqian Cao ◽

Liyang Shao ◽

Lianjun Zhang

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Inner City ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Lead Poisoning ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

Lead Level ◽

Soil Lead ◽

Incident Rate ◽

Weighted Quantile Regression

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the full distribution of children’s lead poisoning and identify “high risk” locations or areas in the neighborhood of the inner city of Syracuse (NY, USA), using quantile regression models. Methods: Global quantile regression (QR) and geographically weighted quantile regression (GWQR) were applied to model the relationships between children’s lead poisoning and three environmental factors at different quantiles (25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th). The response variable was the incident rate of children’s blood lead level ≥ 5 µg/dL in each census block, and the three predictor variables included building year, town taxable values, and soil lead concentration. Results: At each quantile, the regression coefficients of both global QR and GWQR models were (1) negative for both building year and town taxable values, indicating that the incident rate of children lead poisoning reduced with newer buildings and/or higher taxable values of the houses; and (2) positive for the soil lead concentration, implying that higher soil lead concentration around the house may cause higher risks of children’s lead poisoning. Further, these negative or positive relationships between children’s lead poisoning and three environmental factors became stronger for larger quantiles (i.e., higher risks). Conclusions: The GWQR models enabled us to explore the full distribution of children’s lead poisoning and identify “high risk” locations or areas in the neighborhood of the inner city of Syracuse, which would provide useful information to assist the government agencies to make better decisions on where and what the lead hazard treatment should focus on.

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THE UPTAKE OF NATIVE AND APPLIED LEAD BY ALFALFA AND BROMEGRASS FROM SOIL

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss76-056 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 485-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R. E. KARAMANOS ◽

J. R. BETTANY ◽

J. W. B. STEWART

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

Clay Content ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Yield Response ◽

Soil Lead ◽

Mean Values ◽

Chamber Experiment ◽

Lead Levels ◽

High Concentrations

The uptake of native and applied fractions of lead (20 and 100 μg Pb/g soil) by alfalfa and bromegrass was studied in a growth chamber experiment using three soils. The applied soil lead treatments did not affect dry matter (DM) yield but the concentration of lead in the plant tops was found to increase twofold when the amount of lead added to soil was increased fivefold (mean values for both crops 3.8 and 8.7 ppm in the 20 and 100 ppm Pb treatments, respectively). Added sulphur gave significant DM yield response in both crops on all soils but did not significantly alter the lead concentration in the aboveground DM. Lowering the temperatures and reducing the photoperiod to simulate autumn conditions resulted in a significant increase of lead concentration in plants grown on the 100 ppm Pb treatment, which was attributed to the corresponding reduction in the DM yields of the plants. High concentrations of lead (mean 132 ppm) were found in the fine roots of both crops in comparison with lead levels in main roots (mean 33 ppm). Lead extracted by various extractants from soil samples at the end of the growth chamber experiment indicated that applied lead was rapidly immobilized with the higher lead concentrations in the soil solution being found in the soil with the lowest organic matter and clay content.

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Soil Lead Concentration Anomaly Regions in Agricultural Area of Central China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3767 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 3767-3770

Author(s):

Chun Lin Yang ◽

Rui Ping Guo ◽

Qing Ling Yue

Keyword(s):

Lead Concentration ◽

Mining Area ◽

Central China ◽

Local Concentration ◽

Gis Technology ◽

Soil Lead ◽

Historic Mining ◽

Geography Information ◽

Surrounding Areas

In this study, the spatial distribution of soil lead (Pb) concentration in topsoil in Henan, China, was surveyed and analyzed using geostatistics and geography information systems (GIS). The concentrations of Pb in topsoil were investigated based on 603 samples. Pb mean concentration of 28.2 mg/kg in surface soils was found to be higher than those in global soils, which ranged from 16.31376.9 mg/kg.. From spatial analysis results, soil lead concentration anomaly regions were found in Henan Province, central China. The classification of a soil Pb environmental risk in an area was likewise presented based on the different levels of environmental quality of Pb and was done by GIS technology. Accordingly, there is a higher local concentration of Pb in the surrounding areas of Luoyang and Nanyang, which is historic mining area.

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HISTORIC THRUWAYS: THE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL LEAD CONCENTRATION AT WEST POINT

10.1130/abs/2020se-344311 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin M. Wallen ◽

◽

William Wright ◽

Antonio R. Avellaneda-Ruiz ◽

Benjamin T. Roth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lead Concentration ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

West Point ◽

Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽

Soil Lead

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Assessing radish (Raphanus sativus L.) potential for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soils resulting from air pollution

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/8/2009-pse ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 202-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

So. Asadi Kapourchal ◽

Sa. Asadi Kapourchal ◽

E. Pazira ◽

M. Homaee

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Lead Concentration ◽

Plant Part ◽

Plant Roots ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Positive Relation ◽

Polluted Soils ◽

Soil Lead ◽

Block Experiment

The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of radish to extract lead from soils contaminated with lead resulting from air pollution. A randomized block experiment design was performed. The soil was contaminated with PbNO<sub>3</sub> and the treatments consisted of 180 (standard), 250, 350, 450, 800 and 1000 mg/kg lead. After development, plants were harvested and divided into shoots and roots. The lead content of each plant part as well as the soil-lead were measured. The results indicated a non-linear positive relation between the lead concentrations in soil and that accumulated in plant roots and shoots. By increasing the lead concentration in soil, its accumulation in plant tissues was also increased. Most of the extracted lead was accumulated in the roots (208.1 mg/kg) compared to shoots (27.25 mg/kg). Since radish can be seeded up to five times a year, and its yield may reach up to 20 t/ha, it can be used to remediate lead-polluted topsoils (0–10 cm).

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