scholarly journals A multifunctional cell surface developmental stage-specific antigen in the cockroach embryo: involvement in pathfinding by CNS pioneer axons.

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wang ◽  
Y Feng ◽  
J L Denburg
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Fab Fragment ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions

mAb DSS-8 binds to a 164-kD developmental stage-specific cell surface antigen in the nervous system of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. The antigen is localized to different subsets of cells at various stages of development. The spatial and temporal distributions of DSS-8 binding were determined and are consistent with this antigen playing multiple roles in the development of the nervous system. Direct identification of some of these functions was made by perturbation experiments in which pioneer axon growth occurs in embryos that are cultured in vitro in the presence of mAb DSS-8 or its Fab fragment. Under these conditions the pioneer axons of the median fiber tract grow but follow altered pathways. In a smaller percentage of the ganglia, the immunoreagents additionally produce defasciculation of a subset of DSS-8 labeled axons. Therefore, direct roles for the DSS-8 antigen in both the guidance of pioneer axons and selective fasciculation have been demonstrated.

Lipocortin-1 distribution in bronchoalveolar lavage from healthy human lung: effect of prednisolone

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Smith ◽  
T. D. Tetley ◽  
A. K. Datta ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
A. Guz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Surface Binding ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Cell Surface

Lipocortin-1 (LC-1; annexin-1) may mediate some anti-inflammatory actions of the glucocorticoids, probably after binding to specific cell surface binding sites. We have quantified LC-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and cells collected from seven healthy volunteers before and after 7 days of treatment with an oral glucocorticoid, prednisolone (30 mg/day). Extracellular BAL LC-1 was higher and cellular LC-1 was lower after prednisolone than before [extracellular: before, median 98 ng/mg albumin (range 48–350 ng/mg albumin); after, 236 ng/mg albumin (19–414 ng/mg albumin); P < 0.05. Cellular: before, 23.3 ng/10(6) cells (14.6–26.9 ng/10(6) cells); after, 18.0 ng/10(6) cells (122–268 ng/10(6) cells); P < 0.05]. The distribution of LC-1 within BAL cells ex vivo (cell surface = 25%, cytosol = 50%, membrane = 25%) was unaffected by prednisolone treatment. However, in adherent cells that had been cultured for 4 h, 70–80% of the LC-1 was on the cell surface. In summary, prednisolone appears to promote cellular release of LC-1. The difference in distribution of cellular LC-1 in BAL cells ex vivo and in vitro may reflect adherence and/or activation.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical localization and expression of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 in the epithelium of the pig oviduct during oestrus

Reproduction ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Tienthai ◽  
M Yokoo ◽  
N Kimura ◽  
P Heldin ◽  
E Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Membrane ◽  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Sperm Reservoir ◽  
Hyaluronan Receptor

Hyaluronan is related to essential reproductive processes in pigs. Hyaluronan produced by cumulus cells builds, via specific cell surface receptors, an extracellular matrix responsible for cumulus cell cloud expansion during final oocyte maturation, a preparatory event for ovulation and fertilization. In addition, hyaluronan that has been localized in the pig oviduct both in the intraluminal fluid and on the surface of the lining epithelium of the preovulatory sperm reservoir, has proven beneficial during in vitro fertilization and embryo culture, thus indicating that it has a role in vivo. This study monitored the immunolocalization, protein determination and gene expression of the major cell surface hyaluronan receptor CD44 in the epithelial lining of the pig oviduct during selected stages of standing oestrus, in relation to spontaneous ovulation. The CD44 immunostaining in the lining epithelium was localized to the surface membrane and the supranuclear domain of mainly the secretory cells, particularly in the sperm reservoir of both treatment (inseminated) and control (non-inseminated) specimens. Up to four hyaluronan-binding protein (HABP) bands (60, 90, 100 and 200 kDa) were detected in the tubal epithelium, and the 200 kDa band was determined as CD44 by immunoblotting. The expression of CD44 mRNA was higher before than after ovulation (P < 0.05), most conspicuously in the uterotubal junction (UTJ). In addition, CD44 expression in the preovulatory UTJ and the ampullary-isthmic junction (AIJ) of control animals was higher than in those that were inseminated (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 for UTJ and AIJ, respectively). The results demonstrate for the first time that the specific hyaluronan receptor CD44 is expressed by the oviduct epithelial cells during spontaneous oestrus, and is particularly abundant in the sperm reservoir before ovulation. Presence of spermatozoa in this segment seemed to downregulate the receptor. The variation in the expression of CD44 in relation to spontaneous ovulation and the presence of spermatozoa indicate that the hyaluronan CD44-signalling pathway may play a role in oviduct function during sperm storage and fertilization in pigs.

Species-specific action and distribution of tachykinin-related peptides in the foregut of the cockroaches Leucophaea maderae and Periplaneta americana.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 1615-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
D R Nässel ◽  
M Eckert ◽  
J E Muren ◽  
H Penzlin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Stomatogastric Nervous System ◽  
Leucophaea Maderae ◽  
Species Specific

Nine tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs) have been isolated from the brain and intestine of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. In the present investigation, two of the nine TRPs, LemTRP 1 and 5, were tested for their ability to stimulate contractions in the foregut of the cockroaches L. maderae and Periplaneta americana in vitro. The two LemTRPs and the related locust peptide locustatachykinin I (LomTK I) induced contractions in the foregut of P. americana in a dose-dependent manner, but had no myostimulatory action in L. maderae. A half-maximal response for the LemTRPs and LomTK I was obtained at 5x10(-9)mol l-1. In both species, the neuropeptide proctolin stimulated foregut contractions. Using an antiserum to LomTK I, we demonstrated that in both species there are LomTK-like-immunoreactive (LomTK-LI) cell bodies and fibers within the ganglia and nerves of the stomatogastric nervous system. However, correlated with the species-specific action of the TRPs, we found efferent LomTK-LI nerve fibers supplying muscle fibers in the foregut of P. americana, but not in L. maderae. In both cockroach species, there is a rich supply of proctolin-immunoreactive fibers to the foregut muscle. Some of the LomTK-LI fibers supplying the P. americana foregut muscle contain co-localized proctolin immunoreactivity. These fibers appear to be derived from a large cell body in the frontal ganglion which also displayed co-localized immunoreactivities. Since TRP-containing neurons are restricted to the nerves and ganglia of the stomatogastric nervous system both in P. americana and L. maderae, TRPs may be involved in the control of foregut movements in both species, but in P. americana the control may be more complex with the additional peripherally projecting LomTK-LI neurons.

The Nutrition of the Central Nervous System in the Cockroach Periplaneta Americana L

1960 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-533
Author(s):  
J. E. TREHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
14Co2 Production

1. 14C-labelled glucose injected into the cockroach was found to be rapidly converted to trehalose, only small amounts remaining in equilibrium with the disaccharide in the haemolymph. The entry of these sugars into the cockroach central nervous system was studied by following the increase in radioactivity within the abdominal nerve cord after the injection of radioactive glucose into the haemolymph. 2. The levels of radioactivity increased at closely similar rates in different parts of the abdominal nerve cord. 3. The influx of sugars into the nerve cord was calculated to be equivalent to 1.09 mM. glucose/l. of nerve cord water/min. 4. The greater part of the 14C entering the nerve cord originated from the trehalose, only about 7% being derived from the small amount of glucose in the haemolymph. The movement of the relatively small number of glucose molecules into the nerve cord occurred, nevertheless, at approximately 2.5 times the rate of the larger trehalose molecules. 5. Chromatographic analysis revealed that more than half of the absorbed 14C was incorporated as glutamic acid and glutamine in the nerve cord. Smaller amounts of glycogen, trehalose, glucose, aspartic acid and occasional traces of alanine were found. In the isolated nerve cord substantial amounts of alanine accumulated, the formation of the other amino acids being reduced. 14CO2 production in vitro was found, after 1 hr., to represent only about 1% of the total activity within the nerve cord. 6. The results demonstrate a linkage of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism and represent circumstantial evidence for the presence of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes in the central nervous system of this insect.

scholarly journals Expression of the c-fgr and hck protein-tyrosine kinases in acute myeloid leukemic blasts is associated with early commitment and differentiation events in the monocytic and granulocytic lineages

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Willman ◽  
CC Stewart ◽  
TL Longacre ◽  
DR Head ◽  
R Habbersett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Cell Surface Antigen ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Mrna Transcripts ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract Two members of the src proto-oncogene family of intracellular tyrosine kinases, c-fgr and hck, are selectively expressed in differentiated myeloid cells. To study the expression of these genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to determine the specific myeloid lineages and stages of myeloid differentiation at which the expression of these genes is acquired, we used a series of 79 cases of de novo AML as a differentiation model. The levels of c-fgr, hck, and c-fms (encoding the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor) mRNA transcripts were correlated with the presence of specific cell surface antigens and the morphologic and cytochemical features in these AML blasts. Relatively undifferentiated leukemic myeloblasts with an HLA-DR, CD34, CD33, CD13+/- cell surface immunophenotype (French-American-British [FAB] M1 or M2) were characterized by a lack of c-fms and c-fgr expression, while low levels of c-fms and c-fgr could be detected in undifferentiated myeloblasts (FAB M1 or M2), which also expressed CD14 at low antigen density. The hck transcripts were either undetectable in these cells or were expressed at low levels. In contrast, only hck mRNA transcripts could be identified in blasts with progranulocytic morphology (FAB M3), while c-fms, c-fgr, and hck were all expressed at high levels in blasts with differentiated myelomonocytic or monocytic features (FAB M4 and M5). No c-fms, c-fgr, or hck transcripts were evident in leukemic cells of the erythroid lineage (FAB M6). When undifferentiated leukemic myeloblasts (HLA-DR, CD34, and CD33) were induced to differentiate in vitro to cells with monocytic characteristics, the expression of c-fms, c-fgr, and the CD14 cell surface antigen were induced to high levels, accompanied by the acquisition of hck and CD13 expression. In contrast, when HLA-DR, CD34, and CD33 blasts were induced to differentiate in vitro to cells with granulocytic characteristics, only hck and CD13 expression were induced. Our data suggest that the acquisition of c-fgr and/or hck expression is associated with early commitment and differentiation events in distinct myeloid lineages. Assessment of the expression of these kinases may provide a molecular tool to assign lineage in AML in conjunction with morphology, cytochemistry, and cell surface antigen expression.

Block of an insect central nervous system GABA receptor by cyclodiene and cyclohexane insecticides

1989 ◽  
Vol 237 (1286) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Insect Central Nervous System

The effects of a cyclodiene (endrin) and a cyclohexane (lindane) insecticide have been tested on γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the central nervous system of the cockroach ( Periplaneta americana ), by using electrophysiological methods and an in vitro functional receptor assay. In electrophysiological experiments on an identified motor neuron (D f ), endrin blocked the GABA response with a 50% inhibition concentration of 5.0 x 10 -7 M in a non-competitive manner. The actions of endrin were irreversible under the experimental conditions adopted. Increasing the intracellular chloride concentration reduced the effectiveness of endrin, whereas a change in the potassium concentration failed to influence the block by endrin of GABA responses. Lindane exhibited similar actions to endrin on insect GABA receptors, but was approximately an order of magnitude less effective. In a microsac preparation from cockroach nerve cords, endrin, at a concentration of 1.0 x 10 -5 M, completely blocked GABA-stimulated 36 C1 - uptake, whereas the same concentration of lindane was less potent, only blocking about 40% of uptake under similar conditions. Neither insecticide had any effect on L-glutamate-activated chloride channels. The results demonstrate that endrin and lindane block functional insect neuronal GABA receptors.

scholarly journals Regulation of nerve growth and patterning by cell surface protein disulphide isomerase

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey M.W. Cook ◽  
Catia Sousa ◽  
Julia Schaeffer ◽  
Katherine Wiles ◽  
Prem Jareonsettasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Spinal Nerve ◽  
Protein Disulphide Isomerase ◽  
Dependent Signal ◽  
Rat Forebrain

AbstractContact repulsion of growing axons is an essential mechanism for spinal nerve patterning. In birds and mammals the embryonic somites generate a linear series of impenetrable barriers, forcing axon growth cones to traverse one half of each somite as they extend towards their body targets. This study shows that protein disulphide isomerase provides a key component of these barriers, mediating contact repulsion at the cell surface in half-somites. Repulsion is reduced both in vivo and in vitro by a range of methods that inhibit enzyme activity. The activity is critical in initiating a nitric oxide/S-nitrosylation-dependent signal transduction pathway that regulates the growth cone cytoskeleton. Rat forebrain grey matter extracts contain a similar activity, and the enzyme is expressed at the surface of cultured human astrocytic cells and rat cortical astrocytes. We suggest this system is co-opted in the brain to counteract and regulate aberrant nerve terminal growth.

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