scholarly journals AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE EXAMINATION OF URINARY MUCOPROTEIN AND ITS INTERACTION WITH INFLUENZA VIRUS

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Single Branch ◽  
Complicated Configuration

A hemagglutination-inhibitory mucoprotein from human urine has been studied with the electron microscope. It consists of filaments, with diameters of 40 to > 240 A, composed of smaller fibrils. In the two-dimensional projection of the electron micrographs, the single fibrils often show a zig-zag course with a periodicity of 100 to 140 A; the single branch of a zig-zag measures about 60 A in length and either 20 or 40 A in width. Still thinner fibrillar elements are observable with diameters of 10 A or less. In three-dimensional aspect, the zig-zag structure might be a helix. The fibril-bundle (or filament) reveals a complicated configuration. Heat treatment at 70°C shows some indication of denaturation (e.g. filaments are shorter), whereas at 80°C almost complete degradation of the protein into individual zig-zag elements or smaller pieces is attained. The interaction between influenza virus particles and inhibitory mucoprotein consists of the attachment of a fiber molecule to the virus projections at several sites and frequently on more than one virus particle.

Microcircuitry of the cat retina: Connections between arrays of neurons

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 706-711
Author(s):  
Michael A. Freed ◽  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Electron ◽  
Rod Photoreceptors ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
The Relationship

One of the most basic of structure-function relationships in the mammalian visual system is the relationship between the size of a ganglion cell's receptive field and the number of rod photoreceptors which are connected to it. There is also the flip side of the coin: how many ganglion cells does a single photoreceptor connect to? We have estimated the number of rods which converge upon an on-beta type of retinal ganglion cell; we have also estimated the number of on-beta ganglion cells which a single rod diverges to. Our method is to extract a three-dimensional circuit from a series of two-dimensional electron microscope sections. The results have implications for the preservation of the signal/noise ratio in the ganglion cell.There are two well-documented routes from the rods to the on-beta ganglion cell.

Pleomorphism of Influenza Virus Particles under the Electron Microscope

Nature ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 212 (5062) ◽  
pp. 619-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. STEVENSON ◽  
F. BIDDLE
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Virus Particles

scholarly journals Modeling of Eddy Current Welding of Rail: Three-Dimensional Simulation

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiankun Sun ◽  
He Liu ◽  
Wanqing Song ◽  
Francesco Villecco
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Magnetic Induction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Weak Formulation

In this paper is given a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the eddy current welding of rails where the longitudinal two directions are not ignored. In fact, usually it is considered a model where, in the two-dimensional numerical simulation of rail heat treatment, the longitudinal directions are ignored for the magnetic induction strength and temperature, and only the axial calculation is performed. Therefore, we propose the electromagnetic-thermal coupled three-dimensional model of eddy current welding. The induced eddy current heat is obtained by adding the z-axis spatial angle to the two-dimensional electromagnetic-thermal, thus obtaining some new results by coupling the numerical simulation and computations of the electric field and magnetic induction intensity of the three-dimensional model. Moreover, we have considered the objective function into a weak formulation. The three-dimensional model is then meshed by the finite element method. The electromagnetic-thermal coupling has been numerically computed, and the parametric dependence to the eddy current heating process has been fully studied. Through the numerical simulation with different current densities, frequencies, and distances, the most suitable heat treatment process of U75V rail is obtained.

Elemental mapping with a parallel-detection Electron Energy-Loss Spectrometer

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 672-673
Author(s):  
Ondrej L. Krivanek ◽  
Chris E. Meyer ◽  
Marcel Tencé
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Parallel Detection ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectrometer ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Elemental maps, that is images showing the concentration of different elements in a sample, can be obtained in an electron microscope equipped with an electron energy-loss spectrometer (EELS) by acquiring and processing data in three dimensions: spatial coordinates x and y, and the energy loss ΔE. Since the electron detector is necessarily at most a two-dimensional one, acquiring all the required data at the same time is not possible. Instead, one can either use an imaging electron spectrometer and acquire a series of whole images at one energy at a time, or use a small probe in a scanning-transmission electron microscope (STEM), and acquire the data image-point by image-point. With a serial-detection spectrometer the data at each image-point must be recorded sequentially, while with a parallel-detection spectrometer a whole spectrum can be recorded at the same time.The two approaches are illustrated schematically in figure 1. The individual sampling points in the three- dimensional volume have been called voxels (by analogy with two-dimensional pixels).

Determine the Three-Dimensional Crystallographic Misorientation in Heterostructures by Selected Area Diffraction (SAD) in TEM

2000 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. Guo ◽  
C.-Y. Wen ◽  
J. H. Huang ◽  
H. C. Shih
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Structures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscope Images ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

ABSTRACTWe proposed a concise and novel scheme to determine the crystallographic misorientation of heteroepitaxial structures. In addition to subtle high-resolution transmission electron microscope images, the information revealed from selected-area diffraction patterns at the interfaces offers another path to determine the angles of misorientations. The principle is to extract the basically three-dimensional misorientation information from a two-dimensional selected-area diffraction pattern through the employment of the Laue circle

Cryo-EM and Single Particles

Physiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liguo Wang ◽  
Fred J. Sigworth
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Processing ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Macromolecular Assemblies ◽  
Particle Images

Cryoelectronmicroscopy is a method for the imaging of macromolecules in the electron microscope. It was originally developed to determine membrane protein structures from two-dimensional crystals, but more recently “single-particle” techniques have become powerful and popular. Three-dimensional reconstructions are obtained from sets of single-particle images by extensive computer processing; the methods are being applied to many macromolecular assemblies.

scholarly journals PB-02 Observation of influenza virus particles by ultra-high resolution scanning electron microscope

Microscopy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i46-i46
Author(s):  
Tomoki Nishida ◽  
Eri Nakajima ◽  
Yasuo Imoto ◽  
Satoshi Seino
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

Freeze-Fracture Replication in the Ultrastructure of Blue-Green Algae

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
L. V. Leak
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Photosynthetic Membranes ◽  
Blue Green Algae ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Cellular Components

Electron microscopic observations of freeze-fracture replicas of Anabaena cells obtained by the procedures described by Bullivant and Ames (J. Cell Biol., 1966) indicate that the frozen cells are fractured in many different planes. This fracturing or cleaving along various planes allows one to gain a three dimensional relation of the cellular components as a result of such a manipulation. When replicas that are obtained by the freeze-fracture method are observed in the electron microscope, cross fractures of the cell wall and membranes that comprise the photosynthetic lamellae are apparent as demonstrated in Figures 1 & 2.A large portion of the Anabaena cell is composed of undulating layers of cytoplasm that are bounded by unit membranes that comprise the photosynthetic membranes. The adjoining layers of cytoplasm are closely apposed to each other to form the photosynthetic lamellae. Occassionally the adjacent layers of cytoplasm are separated by an interspace that may vary in widths of up to several 100 mu to form intralamellar vesicles.

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