scholarly journals Interleukin 1 of the central nervous system is produced by ameboid microglia.

1986 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 594-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Giulian ◽  
T J Baker ◽  
L C Shih ◽  
L B Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System

By screening specific populations of rat brain cells, we found that ameboid microglia secrete an 18 kD peptide with IL-1 biological activity. The IL-1 activity released by microglia was found to be identical to rat macrophage IL-1 on fractionation by gel filtration and high pressure liquid anion-exchange chromatography, and it was neutralized by an antiserum specific for murine IL-1. When added to astroglia grown in culture, microglial IL-1 increased the cell number of five- to sevenfold, and increased astroglial incorporation of [3H]thymidine by three- to fivefold. We propose that the proliferation of astroglia in specific brain regions may be regulated by the signaled release of IL-1 from activated microglial cells.

Effects of Oxygen at High Pressure on the Transport of Potassium, Sodium and Glutamate in Guinea Pig Brain Cortex

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Kaplan ◽  
S. N. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Brain Cortex ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Pig Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Guinea Pig Brain

Slices of guinea pig brain cortex were suspended in a medium containing inorganic ions (in concentrations similar to those present in plasma), glucose and glutamate. They were shaken for 90 minutes at 37°C in oxygen, the partial pressure of which was varied from 1 to 11 atm. absolute. Raising the pressure above 4 atm. absolute resulted in the slices losing considerable quantities of potassium. At 6 atm. absolute the slices accumulated considerably less glutamic acid than they did at 1 atm. These findings suggest that brain cells are unable to maintain their normal concentrations of these two substances when exposed to oxygen at high pressure and suggest a possible mechanism for the origin of the disturbances of function in the central nervous system of animals exposed to high pressures of oxygen.

scholarly journals Brain peptides and glial growth. II. Identification of cells that secrete glia-promoting factors.

1986 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 812-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Giulian ◽  
D G Young
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Brain Peptides ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Glia-promoting factors (GPFs) are brain peptides which stimulate growth of specific macroglial populations in vitro. To identify the cellular sources of GPFs, we examined enriched brain cell cultures and cell lines derived from the nervous system for the production of growth factors. Ameboid microglia secreted astroglia-stimulating peptides, while growing neurons were the best source of the oligodendroglia-stimulating factors. These secretion products co-purified by gel filtration, anion exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with GPFs isolated from goldfish and rat brain. Our findings suggest that glial growth in the central nervous system is regulated in part by a signaled release of peptides from specific secretory cells.

scholarly journals Induction of interleukin-1 in glia, and its significance in the central nervous system.

1994 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Yasuko Tomozawa ◽  
Masabumi Minami ◽  
Kazuki Yabuuchi ◽  
Masamichi Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Chemical identity of tryptensin with angiotensin

1980 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Arakawa ◽  
M Yuki ◽  
M Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Cation Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Human Plasma Protein ◽  
Plasma Protein Fraction ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Tryptensin, a vasopressor substance generated from human plasma protein fraction IV-4 by trypsin, has been isolated and the amino acid composition analysed. The procedures used for the isolation were: (a) adsorption of the formed tryptensin on Dowex 50W (X2; NH4+ form); (b) gel filtration through Sephadex G-25; (c) cation-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose; (d) anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose; (e) re-chromatography on CM-cellulose; (f) gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-2; (g) partition chromatography on high-pressure liquid chromatography. The homogeneity of the isolated tryptensin was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and thin-layer electrophoresis. The amino acid analysis of the hydrolysate suggested the following proportional composition: Asp, 1; Val, 1; Ile, 1; Tyr, 1; Phe, 1; His, 1; Arg, 1; Pro, 1. This composition is identical with that of human angiotensin.

Effect of a central CRF antagonist on cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses induced by stress or IL-1 beta

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (4) ◽  
pp. R834-R839 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nakamori ◽  
A. Morimoto ◽  
N. Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Induced Responses ◽  
Interleukin 1 Beta ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Beta 2

We investigated the role of central corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the development of cardiovascular and thermal responses induced by stress or by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in free-moving rats. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of alpha-helical CRF9-41 (10 micrograms), a CRF receptor antagonist, significantly attenuated hypertension, tachycardia, and a rise in body temperature induced by cage-switch stress, a mild stress. However, icv injection of alpha-helical CRF9-41 (10 micrograms) had no effect on hypertension, tachycardia, or fever induced by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of IL-1 beta (2 micrograms/kg) or icv prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 100 ng). In contrast, icv injection of alpha-helical CRF9-41 (10 micrograms) significantly attenuated hypertension, tachycardia, or fever induced by icv injection of IL-1 beta (20 ng). The present results suggest that central CRF has an important role in the development of the cage-switch stress-induced responses, but it does not seem to contribute to the hypertension, tachycardia, and fever induced by ip IL-1 beta or by central PGE2. However, it is possible that when IL-1 beta directly acts on the central nervous system, some of its actions are mediated by central CRF.

Low concentrations of hydrogen sulphide alter monoamine levels in the developing rat central nervous system

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Skrajny ◽  
R. S. Hannah ◽  
S. H. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Developing Rat

The central nervous system is one of the primary target organs for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) toxicity; however, there are limited data on the neurotoxic effects of low-dose chronic exposure on the developing nervous system. Levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the developing rat cerebellum and frontal cortex were determined following chronic exposure to 20 and 75 ppm H2S during perinatal development. Both monoamines were altered in rats exposed to 75 ppm H2S compared with controls; serotonin levels were significantly increased at days 14 and 21 postnatal in both brain regions, and norepinephrine levels were significantly increased at days 7, 14, and 21 postnatal in cerebellum and at day 21 in the frontal cortex. Exposure to 20 ppm H2S significantly increased the levels of serotonin in the frontal cortex at day 21, whereas levels of norepinephrine were significantly reduced in the frontal cortex at days 14 and 21, and at day 14 in the cerebellum.Key words: hydrogen sulphide, monoamines, serotonin, norepinephrine, neurotoxicity.

Characterization of placental luteinizing hormone-relasing factor-like material

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jau-Nan Lee ◽  
Markku Seppälä ◽  
Tim Chard
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Inhibition Curve

Abstract. High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay were employed to characterize luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF)-like material in the human placenta. Methanol extracts of the placenta were washed with acetic acid and chloroform, further purified on coarse octadecylsilane columns, fractionated on HPLC, and tested by radioimmunoassay. In HPLC, placental LRF had the same retention time as synthetic LRF, and such fractions gave an inhibition curve which was parallel to that of synthetic LRF in radioimmunoassav. It is concluded that human placental I.RF is similar or identical to LRF in the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Otak Anak Usia Dini dalam Mengenal Calistung

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Zulfatun Anisah
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Abstract Thinking ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Child's Brain

The introduction of calistung in AUD focuses on brain optimization of children. The child's brain has a trillion brain cells and trillions of brain-nerve cell connections. Brain nerves. influenced by the number of myelin that awakened at the age of 0-2 years which will determine the ability of abstract thinking, scientific thinking at the formal stage of operations. The backbone and cerebral cortex are the central nervous system for humans. the physical body of the child can be trained through mild exercise. Other parts of the brain in the form of cerebral cortex handle the functions of intellectual and language. Parents or nannies can provide stimulation as needed. The results suggest that children from families with high language intake received higher IQ scores at age three. So is the case with children who get more cognitive stimulation, they are more skilled in language activities. Age of AUD precisely began to learn to read if it has reached the mental age, ie 5-5.5 years.

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