scholarly journals Poor quality Vβ recombination signal sequences stochastically enforce TCRβ allelic exclusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Glendon S. Wu ◽  
Katherine S. Yang-Iott ◽  
Morgann A. Klink ◽  
Katharina E. Hayer ◽  
Kyutae D. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monoallelic Expression ◽  
Allelic Exclusion ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Recombination Signal Sequences ◽  
Cardinal Feature

The monoallelic expression of antigen receptor (AgR) genes, called allelic exclusion, is fundamental for highly specific immune responses to pathogens. This cardinal feature of adaptive immunity is achieved by the assembly of a functional AgR gene on one allele, with subsequent feedback inhibition of V(D)J recombination on the other allele. A range of epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in sequential recombination of AgR alleles; however, we now demonstrate that a genetic mechanism controls this process for Tcrb. Replacement of V(D)J recombinase targets at two different mouse Vβ gene segments with a higher quality target elevates Vβ rearrangement frequency before feedback inhibition, dramatically increasing the frequency of T cells with TCRβ chains derived from both Tcrb alleles. Thus, TCRβ allelic exclusion is enforced genetically by the low quality of Vβ recombinase targets that stochastically restrict the production of two functional rearrangements before feedback inhibition silences one allele.

scholarly journals Poor Quality Vβ Recombination Signal Sequences Enforce TCRβ Allelic Exclusion by Limiting the Frequency of Vβ Recombination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glendon S. Wu ◽  
Katherine S. Yang-Iott ◽  
Morgann A. Reed ◽  
Katharina E. Hayer ◽  
Kyutae D. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Signal Sequence ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Functional Gene ◽  
Monoallelic Expression ◽  
Allelic Exclusion ◽  
Recombination Signal

SUMMARYMonoallelic expression (allelic exclusion) of T and B lymphocyte antigen receptor genes is achieved by the assembly of a functional gene through V(D)J recombination on one allele and subsequent feedback inhibition of recombination on the other allele. There has been no validated mechanism for how only one allele of any antigen receptor locus assembles a functional gene prior to feedback inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that replacement of a single Vβ recombination signal sequence (RSS) with a better RSS increases Vβ rearrangement, reveals Tcrb alleles compete for utilization in the αβ T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and elevates the fraction of αβ T cells expressing TCRβ protein from both alleles. The data indicate that poor qualities of Vβ RSSs for recombination with Dβ and Jβ RSSs enforces allelic exclusion by stochastically limiting the incidence of functional Vβ rearrangements on both alleles before feedback inhibition terminates Vβ recombination.

scholarly journals Media Literasi: Upaya Bijak Menyikapi Terpaan Tayangan Televisi

Humaniora ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Wira Respati
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Selection ◽  
The Media ◽  
Television Media ◽  
Passive Object ◽  
Business Orientation

The television media have transformed into industry. Tight competition among TV stations demands the media people to provide programs based on the market taste. Therefore, mostly TV stations design and produce their programs based on share and rating numbers, instead of quality. On the other side, TV stations have important roles in constructing social and cultural development. Currently, TV programs are merely produced based on the business orientation so that the quality of the TV programs is often ignored. Audience must be wise and smart to protect themselves from poor-quality TV programs exposure. This can be achieved by improving their Media Literacy. In the end, Audience is no longer treated as passive object, but actively takes control on the content selection. 

scholarly journals Quality Changes of Light Flesh Tuna at Water of Tomini Bay, Gorontalo Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Wila Rumina Nento ◽  
Tati - Nurhayati ◽  
Ruddy - Suwandi
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Yellowfin Tuna ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
Fresh Fish ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Safe Limits

Tuna is one of the mainstay fisheries commodities that involve many of the ordinary fishermen. The handling usually still not follows the principles of good handling that causing the poor quality as the result.The aims of this research were to analyze and to determine the quality of tuna meat (the abdominal wall, dorsal fin, and caudal fin). Raw material yellowfin tuna meat prepared for the light, the meat section of the abdominal wall, dorsal fin, and caudal fin. The result of organoleptic analysis showed that the tuna meat was above the minimum value for the criteria of fresh fish. The result of TVB analysis showed that the meat on the caudal fin had the highest value and significantly different with the other, but still exist on the safe limits and on the fresh category. For the result of analysis in histamine, it shown that at the fourth hour the meat at the dorsal fin had the histamine content which were above the minimum that have been recommended. For the result of analysis in peroxide number, it shown that the tuna meat did not sustain the fat damage until the fourth hour after the catching process. And for the result of analysis in TPC, it showed that at the fourth hour the tuna meat on the pectoral fin had the highest number of total colony and significantly different with the other.<br />Keywords: handling, histamine, light flesh, microbiology, yellowfin

Does Mixotrophy in ciliates compensate for poor-quality prey? Experiments with heterotrophic–mixotrophic species pairs

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-593
Author(s):  
Stephen A Wickham ◽  
Romana Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Role ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Alternate Source ◽  
Small Advantage ◽  
Mixotrophic Ciliates

Abstract Fatty acid and sterol profiles play a large role in determining the food quality of prey in aquatic food webs. Ciliates have limited ability to synthesize essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and sterols, and must obtain these from their food. Many mixotrophic ciliates, however, are in a symbiosis with Chlorella, and this may compensate for prey that is low in PUFA and sterols. Moreover, when PUFA-rich prey are P-limited, mixotrophs may be less dependent than heterotrophs on having the optimal mixture of PUFA-rich and P-rich prey. To test these hypotheses, experiments were conducted using heterotrophic-mixotrophic species pairs and prey mixes with varying proportions of good and poor quality prey. Prey proportions had clear effects on ciliate growth rates, often with a clear threshold. In only one species, however, did mixotrophy appeared to be advantageous, with growth independent of the proportion of PUFA-rich prey. In the other two species pairs, mixotrophy gave at best a small advantage over heterotrophy when there was a large proportion of PUFA-poor prey, independent of whether the PUFA-rich prey was P-limited or P-replete. While PUFA- and sterol-rich prey are important for heterotrophic ciliates, mixotrophy cannot be universally employed as an alternate source of these required nutrients.

The Relative Nitrogen Utilization Method for Evaluating Protein Quality

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Murray McLaughlan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Test Protein ◽  
Reference Protein ◽  
Net Protein

Abstract A single-dose rat assay for protein quality called relative nitrogen utilization (RNU) is described. The method includes a factor for the protein utilized for maintenance. The protein quality of the test protein is expressed as a per cent of the value for Iactalbumin, the reference protein. For good quality proteins RNU gives results that are similar to those obtained by net protein ratio and relative protein value; for poor quality proteins RNU results fall between values by the other 2 methods. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) gives much lower values for poor quality proteins than any of the other 3 aforementioned methods and is influenced more by both level of protein and lipid in the diet. RNU is a more precise assay than PER as judged by the coefficient of variation.

Associations between Depressive Disorders and Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 1395-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Özkan Varan ◽  
Hakan Babaoğlu ◽  
Berna Göker
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Rheumatologic Diseases

Depressive disorders, are not only common but also among the leading causes of disability worldwide. They are associated with increased incidences of various other diseases. It has been shown that in patients with autoimmune diseases, when depression coexists, the quality of life is worse and medical treatment and management is compromised. Depression-like symptoms, such as fatigue and disinterest are also common in inflammatory rheumatic diseases and often associated with poor quality of life. Medical therapy targeting inflammation results in alleviation of these symptoms in many patients. Interestingly, there is cumulating evidence suggesting potential roles of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of major depression. Effects of some of the biological agents used in rheumatic diseases have been studied on depressive disorders. Results have been controversial and further studies are needed in this area. These findings suggest associations between depression and inflammatory rheumatic diseases and raise the possibility that treatment of one of them might influence the outcome of the other. We have reviewed the current literature on associations between depression and inflammatory rheumatologic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis.

scholarly journals Retinal Image Enhancement Based on Contrast, Luminosity Adjustment and MSC

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 2572-2574
Keyword(s):  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Sparse Coding ◽  
Retinal Vessel ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retinal Images ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Basic Quality

Retinal images have been widely used by ophthalmologists for detecting the retinal diseases before-hand and diagnosing them suitably. Old age macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are some examples of these diseases. However, poor quality of the image due to inadvertent circumstances limits the ability of the ophthalmologists to study the image. This paper hereby proposes an algorithm that is used to obtain clearer images by performing contrast and luminosity adjustment that enhances the basic quality of the clicked image. Following this, Multi-dictionary Sparse Coding (MSC) is carried out on the image to obtain the retinal vessel structures and miniscule details. Amount of Image enhancement is calculated by measuring the improvement after each stage of operation on the image. The image's quality is found to be much better compared to the other methods and thus can be suggested to the ophthalmologists for conducting the further medical studies conveniently.

scholarly journals Anti-Corruption Practices on Teachers’ Recruitment in Selected Private Schools: The Philippine Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1162-1165
Author(s):  
Floralyn L. Doquilla
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Qualified Teachers ◽  
Hiring Process ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Teacher Applicants

- The main purpose of this study is to know the different anti-corruption practices in recruiting/hiring qualified teachers used by selected private schools in La Union, and the processes of its implementation. Specifically, it sought to determine the anticorruption practices made by selected private schools in La Union in terms of hiring qualified teachers being strictly adopted by such private schools. This study made use of a Qualitative Thematic Analysis in determining the different anti-corruption practices uniquely used by selected private schools in the province of La Union. Based on the findings, the anti-corruption practices used by the selected private schools in La Union are in two themes. These are the anti- Nepotism, favoritism and cronyism practices and conducting background investigation on the teacher-applicants prior to his/her application. This implies that it is important to consider that nepotism, cronyism, favoritism should be avoided in recruiting teacher-applicants. This will lead to poor quality of education if hiring process will be influence by relatives or friends which are less qualified from among the other applicants.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FUEL QUALITY EFFECT ON THE LIFE TIME FROM HIGH-PRESSURE PUMP OF ENGINE MTU 12 V 4000 M 71

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Wawan Kusdiana ◽  
Anton Nugroho ◽  
Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
High Pressure Pump ◽  
Pressure Pump ◽  
Pump Component

Fuel is one of the important components in the combustion process. A good fuel is a clean fuel where the fuel is colorless, watery, has a high flash point, it can ignite spontaneously at a temperature of 350ºC, and has a specific gravity of about 0.82-0.86. On the other hand, KRI Kelabang-826 is an Indonesian republic warship that functions as a patrol boat. This causes the ship to have a medium duty engine, the MTU 12 V 4000 M 71 engine. This engine itself is a sophisticated engine because it uses common rail technology with a High-Pressure Pump as the supplying pump. This pump is very susceptible to damage, this is proven by not achieving the life time of the High-Pressure Pump which is 7500 Running Hours or once a W5- level maintenance. This is caused by poor quality of fuel, where the fuel used contains water and impurities. Therefore, the preventive ways are needed in order to achieve the life time of this High-Pressure Pump component. Keywords: Fuel Quality, MTU 12 V 4000 M 71, High-Pressure Pump, and Condor Class.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document