scholarly journals Systematic memory B cell archiving and random display shape the human splenic marginal zone throughout life

2021 ◽  
Vol 218 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Kibler ◽  
Bettina Budeus ◽  
Ekaterina Homp ◽  
Kevin Bronischewski ◽  
Victoria Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Gene Repertoire ◽  
Functional Assays ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Repertoire Analysis ◽  
Memory Pool ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Elderly Humans

Human memory B cells (MBCs) are generated and diversified in secondary lymphoid tissues throughout the organism. A paired immunoglobulin (Ig)-gene repertoire analysis of peripheral blood (PB) and splenic MBCs from infant, adult, and elderly humans revealed that throughout life, circulating MBCs are comprehensively archived in the spleen. Archive MBC clones are systematically preserved and uncoupled from class-switching. Clonality in the spleen increases steadily, but boosts at midlife, thereby outcompeting small clones. The splenic marginal zone (sMZ) represents a primed MBC compartment, generated from a stochastic exchange within the archive memory pool. This is supported by functional assays, showing that PB and splenic CD21+ MBCs acquire transient CD21high expression upon NOTCH2-stimulation. Our study provides insight that the human MBC system in PB and spleen is composed of three interwoven compartments: the dynamic relationship of circulating, archive, and its subset of primed (sMZ) memory changes with age, thereby contributing to immune aging.

scholarly journals RELATION OF ADRENAL CORTICAL HORMONE TO LYMPHOID TISSUE AND LYMPHOCYTES

Blood ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 729-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM N. VALENTINE ◽  
CHARLES G. CRADDOCK ◽  
JOHN S. LAWRENCE
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Hormone ◽  
Cortical System ◽  
And Function ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The hormonal control through the hypophyseo-adrenal cortical system of lymphoid tissue structure and function is an important concept. We cannot at the present time regard that the concept is established fact. Final judgment must await additional work and the clarification of some of the inconsistencies which appear to exist. It seems reasonable that lymphoid tissue is one of the end organs of adrenal cortical hormone and that it may perhaps play a role in the response of the organism to stress. It seems quite clear that the sugar hormone of the adrenal cortex is capable of producing structural alterations in lymphoid tissue. Change in thoracic duct lymphocyte numbers as a result of augmentation in the amount of available adrenal cortical hormone is at present controversial. Experiments in this laboratory have failed to demonstrate it. The production of lymphopenia, at least in some species and possibly in man, by increasing available sugar hormone is supported by some evidence. The exact mechanism of production of lymphopenia is open to question, its relationship to changes in lymphoid tissue structure being one of inference. The converse situation—absolute lympocytosis resulting from deprivation of adrenal cortical hormone—is the subject of controversial reports. At best, it must be admitted that relatively slight alterations from the accepted normal range of lymphocyte values occur in the adrenal insufficient organism. Changes in plasma gamma globulins and antibody titers associated with changes in the amount of available cortical hormone are reported. It should be clarified whether such changes have necessarily resulted from lymphocyte dissolution or are related to other of the variegated actions of adrenal cortical hormone. The relationship of adrenal cortical hormone to lymphoid tissue and lymphocytes and the relationship of the latter to the response of the organism to stress must indeed be complex. It is reasonably well established that the life span of the lymphocyte is very short indeed1,58,22 and each lymphocyte presumably liberates its metabolically important contents within a few hours at the most. If stress continues for any period of time, as often it does, it is difficult to visualize the wisdom of interfering with the production of metabolically vital substances in order to secure the transient benefits of lymphoid tissue dissolution. It is also somewhat difficult to regard as proved that the various changes reported after hormone augmentation or deprivation necessarily represent the normal mechanism by which these factors are regulated and kept within physiologic limits. More investigations are required to answer such questions and to further elucidate the interrelationship of the adrenal cortex and lymphoid tissues.

scholarly journals Dynamic Relationship of Focal Contacts and Hemidesmosome Protein Complexes in Live Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 1624-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Ozawa ◽  
Daisuke Tsuruta ◽  
Jonathan C.R. Jones ◽  
Masamitsu Ishii ◽  
Kazuo Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Focal Contacts ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Only One Moment in Time? Investigating the Dynamic Relationship of Emotions and Attention Toward Political Information With Mobile Experience Sampling

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1154
Author(s):  
Lukas P. Otto ◽  
Fabian Thomas ◽  
Michaela Maier ◽  
Charlotte Ottenstein
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Design ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Political Information ◽  
News Item ◽  
Political News ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article attempts to (a) investigate the relationship between distinct emotional reactions toward political information and attention toward political news and (b) analyze whether this relationship is dynamic. We use an experience sampling design to assess recipients’ immediate emotional reactions and attention toward news. Participants reported their emotional reactions (anger, fear, happiness, contentment) and attentional focus directly after following a news item for eight days in a row up to five times a day via smartphone. Results indicate that anger is positively and fear negatively correlated with attention toward political news. For positive emotional reactions, happiness is not correlated with attention to news, while contentment is negatively correlated with attention and also shows a negative lagged effect on attention at a later point in time. The study shows promising ways to assess and analyze dynamic processes in everyday media consumption.

scholarly journals Employees' perceptions of workplace change

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette London
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Organisation ◽  
Workplace Change ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Care Organisation ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Workplace Environments ◽  
Implementation Communication ◽  
Relationship Of

Change is endemic, but it creates fear in the workplace. In this study, five people from a health care organisation were interviewed to gain a better understanding of their concerns in the workplace. Each person regarded the effects of workplace change somewhat differently in variety and intensity but in general terms they all identified two major spheres of influence. Each sphere represents a complex dynamic relationship of several effects. The first, which is at an individual level, includes feelings and attitudes, and behavioural, psychological and social effects. The second, which is at an organisational level, includes culture, leadership, decision making and strategy implementation. Communication and education were viewed as key elements that facilitated the change process. In the surveyed organisation, service closure was viewed as the overriding concern that dominated most participants' perceptions of change. Additional research is required to ascertain if this model can be generalised to other workplace environments.

scholarly journals Lymphomas in Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome Are Marginal Zone B-Cell Neoplasms, Arise in Diverse Extranodal and Nodal Sites, and Are Not Associated With Viruses

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 766-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Royer ◽  
Dominique Cazals-Hatem ◽  
Jean Sibilia ◽  
Felix Agbalika ◽  
Jean-Michel Cayuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Human Herpes Virus 8 ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
P53 Antibodies ◽  
Histological Transformation

Abstract The occurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the most serious complication of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). We performed a study of 16 NHLs occurring in patients with an underlying SS. These lymphomas arose not only in salivary glands (7 cases) but also in other mucosal extranodal sites (the stomach [4 cases], the lung [3 cases], the skin [3 cases], the buccal mucosa [1 case], the thymus [1 case]) and in nodal sites (8 cases). Low-grade marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) were diagnosed in 12 of the 16 patients, 9 of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) type in mucosal sites and 3 exclusively nodal. The 4 other patients presented with a high-grade B-cell lymphoma that was probably a histological transformation of an underlying low-grade MZL at least in 3 of the cases involving skin, stomach, and parotid, respectively. A t(14; 18) translocation was detected in 1 of 8 lymphomas tested. We detected serum anti-p53 antibodies in 2 of the 14 studied patients. p53 protein was detected in 1 of 11 lymphomas tested. LMP protein and Eber RNAs of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were not detected in the 16 NHL biopsies. Using polymerase chain reaction, EBV was never detected except in 1 of 4 parotid lymphomas. No human T-lymphotropic virus 1 or human herpes virus 8 DNAs were detected in NHL biopsies. None of the patients had hepatitis C virus infection found using serological methods. Chemotherapy was usually efficient. In conclusion, lymphomas occurring in patients with an underlying SS are in most cases MZL. These lymphomas are not associated with viruses known to be present in other types of lymphomas. Some of the translocations or mutations of oncogenes or antioncogenes described in other lymphomas are detected in SS-associated lymphomas.

scholarly journals Dynamic relationship of traditional soil restoration practices and climate change adaptation in semi-arid Niger

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e03265
Author(s):  
Abdourhimou Amadou Issoufou ◽  
Idrissa Soumana ◽  
Garba Maman ◽  
Souleymane Konate ◽  
Ali Mahamane
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Restoration Practices ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals The protection of health in the care and trust relationship between doctor and patient: Competence, professional autonomy and responsibility of the doctor and decision-making autonomy of the patient

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Delbon
Keyword(s):  
Advance Directives ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
The Law ◽  
Voluntary Choice ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Patient Competence

The Authors review Law No. 219/2017, with its important contribution to defining the roles and responsibilities of subjects in care relationship – a dynamic relationship (over time, for the condition of the interested party, to people who may be involved) – and regulating advance directives and shared planning of care. The Law promotes and enhances the relationship of care and trust between doctor and patient, which includes the competence, professional autonomy and responsibility of the doctor and the decisional autonomy and right to self-determination – to make an informed and voluntary choice about treatment proposed by the doctor - of the patient. For concrete implementation of the Law, an adequate information system and all the measures to guarantee certainty about the consequences of behaviour and protection of the rights of all the subjects involved are now essential. In addition, for advance directives, it is essential to reflect on the adequacy of medical information required by the Law itself for its drafting, considering that the citizen can contact qualified professionals and also independently find this information autonomously, selecting the sources of information.

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