Crown Land and Royal Patronage in Mid-Sixteenth Century England

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S.H. Wyndham
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Royal Patronage ◽  
Regular Source ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mary Tudor ◽  
Localized Knowledge

Yf you thincke yt to be suche lande as I maye geve wythe my honor, I shall thincke yt verye well bestowyd, for that he is one that hathe well desarvyd yt and hathe had no kynde of recompence.So wrote Mary Tudor to the Marquis of Winchester in 1554. The subject of the Queen's approval was Sir Edmund Peckham, one of her most trusted councilors. The result of that approval was an outright gift of land worth nearly one hundred pounds a year.Land, the basis of the social structure of the age, was one of the crucial instruments of patronage. The crown estate not only had its financial function as a regular source of income and an emergency source of realizable capital, but one directly relevant to social control and to government. It was a means by which past services to the prince could be rewarded and future services perhaps anticipated. The way land was used for this purpose and whether the frequency and extent of its usage can throw any light on problems and methods of government are questions meriting close consideration. The period taken here—the late 1530s to the early 1570s—spans several very different phases of government: how far did policy towards patronage vary from phase to phase? And how far did these variations reflect the needs of each successive government?To acquire an accurate picture of the use of the crown's estate, some localized knowledge is essential.

Prejudice, Discrimination, and Alienation in Educational Environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
Didem Çelik Yılmaz ◽  
Türkan Argon
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Students First ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Negative Impacts

In today's societies where cultural singularity is almost destroyed, diversity can be an important richness, thanks to individuals displaying peace-based approaches. Schools are affected by this diversity and will continue to be cultivated as small but highly effective stakeholders of the social structure. It can be said that it is important for educational organizations to gain human values before teaching theoretical lessons to their students and that the necessary studies should be carried out both for school administrators and teachers and for students. First of all, raising awareness on this issue is a great need during the construction of the peace society. Therefore, in addition to contributing to the literature with this study, it is aimed to present different and diverse perspectives of prejudice, discrimination, and alienation of students and teachers, giving examples of cause and effect relationships. It is also aimed to make suggestions to reduce negative impacts and thus to raise awareness on the subject.

scholarly journals Hegel's Guilty Conscience: Three Forms of Schuld in the Phenomenology of Spirit

PhaenEx ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-55
Author(s):  
MATTHEW LYONS CONGDON
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Code ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Phenomenology Of Spirit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral System ◽  
The Subject

In what we might call its particularly Christian manifestation, “guilt” denotes the feeling or fact of having offended, the failure to uphold an ethical code. Under such terms, “guilt” connotes negative consequences: shame, punishment, and estrangement. Yet, penetrating further into its meaning and value, one finds that guilt extends beyond this narrow classification, playing a productive, necessary, and ineluctable role for recognitive sociality. This paper examines guilt as it appears in Hegel’s thinking. I find that Hegel’s understanding of Schuld (guilt) in the Phenomenology, undergoes a crucial development over the course of the chapter titled, “Spirit,” culminating in a robust understanding of guilt that represents not a hopelessly broken bond, but a bond that awaits its fulfillment, its very incompleteness exerting a palpable pull upon the guilty party towards its fulfillment. I examine three key moments in “Spirit”: Hegel’s treatments of Antigone, the French Revolution, and the confession and forgiveness of evil. By comparing these moments, I distinguish between “abstract guilt,” guilt that only brings about shame and punishment, and what we might call “determinate guilt”: guilt that brings about action, reminds one of her/his indebtedness to the other. Understanding the development of guilt from the beginning to end of “Spirit” provides an entryway into a discussion of the social and political relevance of Hegel’s conception of the subject as—in a certain sense—always already guilty. I go on to argue that guilt as indebtedness and responsibility only exists as embedded within an already recognitive social structure. Re-thinking guilt as responsibility is not, therefore, a call to a new objective a priori moral system. Rather, it invites us to think through our recognitive being-together in a way that shakes off its metaphysical fetters. Such an ethics of recognitive intersubjectivity is an infinite task—not in the futile sense of the “unhappy consciousness”—but in the sense that we are responsible for constantly understanding, critiquing, and reforming ethical commitments that can only be (understood as) ours.

Class and Slavery

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Daniel Wells
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
American South ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
Old South ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The American South ◽  
Southern Society

This article reviews scholarship on class and slavery. The evolution of the historiography on class and slavery is complex, and historians have only recently begun to revisit some of their basic assumptions about class formation, class ideology, and the social structure of the Old South more broadly. New studies raise questions about the ways in which human bondage and class intertwined in slave societies, particularly the American South, and have initiated a discernible shift in the field. While scholars profitably continue to study the plantation and the lives of masters and slaves, many historians now call for a wider view of southern society to take account of life in the region outside the plantation, and the various ways in which different classes of whites interacted with, and were shaped by, the institution of slavery. It is with these new calls that the subject of class is enjoying resurgence.

Factors in Social Control of the Press in Lebanon

1966 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baha Abu-Laban
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Free Press ◽  
News Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
Communication Policies

Formal censorship, economic pressures, the social structure, public opinion and news sources are important determinants of mass communication policies in one of the Middle East's few “free press” systems.

Forts and Social Control in the Maratha State

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Scholarly Writing ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Subject

Even without this wonderful sixteenth-century hyperbole, forts remain an impressive feature of India's landscape. A thoughtful traveller, seeing the jagged walls high above the road, might well wonder who built them, and when, and what events took place within the gates. Scholarly writing on the subject will disappoint him. Toy, in his seminal book, noted that ‘this writer has been struck with the dearth of reliable litetature on the forts of India.’

The Origins of Modern Social Legislation: The Henrician Poor Law of 1536

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil L. Kunze
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Social History ◽  
Poor Relief ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Poor Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

It is the purpose of this essay to rescue the Henrician Poor Law of 1536 from its relative obscurity by examining the statute as the beginning of a new legislative era in English economic and social history. Although the non-exist ence of House of Commons Journals for this period prevents a detailed study of the making and makers of the Henrician poor law legislation, documents hitherto neglected, exist for a comparative study of Tudor poor law policy. Whether dealing with the nineteenth-century corn law question or with the sixteenth-century poor law policy, few historians give sufficient time and attention to a detailed analysis of the actual statutes of the realm.Historians have ignored the Henrician statutes and usually begin their discussions of English poor relief by describing and interpreting the famous Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601. If mentioned at all, the Henrician legislation is presented as an ineffective attempt to solve the problem of poverty. Often this legislation is the subject of unfavorable generalizations:The social legislation of Henry's Parliaments was not only scant but brutal and demoralizing in that it reflected a puritanical callousness in assessing poverty as the just desert of sloth and evildoing. … Thus Elizabeth inherited the problem of widespread poverty with her crown; and her legislative program was immediate, massive, and positive.

scholarly journals BODIES OF A CITY: THE ISSUE OF HOMELESSNESS REVEALED IN ANDRES SERRANO’S ARTBODIES OF A CITY: THE ISSUE OF HOMELESSNESS REVEALED IN ANDRES SERRANO’S ART

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (58) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Social ◽  
Art Works ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Times

In this article, the reflections of the problem "homelessness" in the field of art will be examined through three different art works created by Andres Serrano within the framework of the subject. The artist focuses on the problem of homelessness in the state of New York, United States, in his art series titled "Nomads” (1990), "Sign of the Times (2013) and “Residents of New York” (2014). Human body is the smallest unit that forms the social structure. It’s effects of its situation between the dilemma of existence and absence in social and psychological areas, will be covered through the dialogues held with the participants that took place in the artist's project. The coding and positioning of the body within the framework of the definition and classification of homeless / homelessness will be mentioned. Besides, the process of transforming the problem into an art work in a creative way will be evaluated. Keywords: Andres Serrano, homeless, homelesness, body, “Nomads”, “Sign of the Times”, “Residents of New York”

scholarly journals Francisco Arceo de Fregenal i liječenje prirođenog uvrnutog stopala do 16. stoljeća

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-48
Author(s):  
José Ramón Vallejo ◽  
Marina Mesa
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Spanish Literature ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Ambroise Paré ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Ambroise Pare ◽  
The One ◽  
French Surgeon

The correction of clubfoot as a subject of study is somewhat unusual, especially if one considers that up until the Renaissance only two authors dealt with the subject of this inherited disorder. On the one hand is Ambroise Pare, whose contributions to traumatology and orthopaedics are staggering, and on the other, Francisco Arceo de Fregenal, also known as the Ambroise Pare of Spain. Both men developed a method for treating this condition, and a special orthopaedic shoe. So, why is it that in the Spanish literature the French surgeon was considered the pioneer in the development of an orthopaedic boot from the start and not Arceo? Why was the work of the Spaniard not studied in depth, as it deserves to be? These questions troubled us and led us to write this paper, in which as the primary objective we decided to highlight Arceo’s contributions to the field of orthopaedics. Concrete arguments and works exist today that have led to common agreement among scholars of the subject that the Spanish surgeon was a Jewish convert. The social, economic and political conditions in Europe at that time may give us some idea of the difficulties for a Jewish convert in the sixteenth century, and clearly, it was difficult for a scientist to have followers who would defend his methods and technical ideas. Nevertheless, we believe that Francisco Arceo de Fregenal deserves more recognition and his work should continue to be studied in more depth.

Sixteenth-century patronage at St Mark's, Venice

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 81-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Ongaro
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Western Music ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Work ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The chapel of St Mark's in Venice occupied a prominent place in the musical life of most of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, so that a Venetian writer could justly remark: ‘The chapel of these Lords is thought to be among the best in the world, and [singers] have come to serve from France and Spain.’ Yet, in spite of its importance in the history of Western music, our knowledge of its development and organisation is far from complete and contains large gaps. It will suffice to point out that we know a lot more about the Gabrielis – organists – than we do about Zarlino in his capacity as maestro and composer, that the first modern study of the chapel, barely eight years old, is the recent Vespers at St Mark's by James Moore, and that the venerable Storia della musica sacra nella già cappella ducale di S. Marco in Venezia by Francesco Caffi, the only comprehensive study of the subject, has, in default of more modern work, been reprinted several times in recent years. The situation is gradually improving, with several new studies on music in Venice and at St Mark's already available or in preparation, but one of the issues not yet treated adequately is the question of patronage at St Mark's and of the social and economic status of its singers.

Gender Is Political

2020 ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Pelin Erdal Aytekin
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Existence ◽  
Women's Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ownership Of Land ◽  
Method Approach

Studies on women identity in the context of gender yields significant results, especially when considering the practice of cinema. Mainstream cinema is an essential area of indicators for handling women's identity. Susuz Yaz and Yılanların Öcü films are two important films in which Metin Erksan dealt with the concept of property within his filmography. These two films, which address the concept of property through the ownership of land and water, also represented the social existence of women's identity with the rural lifestyle in particular, making the social structure in which women are perceived as property visible. In this context, the study evaluates the image of the woman in cinema on the concepts of body, property and rights. The method approach shaped its roots from the foundations of sociology, communication and cultural theories. The subject was presented by analyzing it within the perspective of interpretive social science. It was concluded that the debate on whose property the land and water are also raised the discussion of the property of women's identity.

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