Two Time-Series Analyses of the Impact of Antibiotic Consumption and Alcohol-Based Hand Disinfection on the Incidences of Nosocomial Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusInfection andClostridium difficileInfection

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Kaier ◽  
Christian Hagist ◽  
Uwe Frank ◽  
Andreas Conrad ◽  
Elisabeth Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Hand Disinfection ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Objective.To determine the impact of antibiotic consumption and alcohol-based hand disinfection on the incidences of nosocomial methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection andClostridium difficileinfection (CDI).Methods.Two multivariate time-series analyses were performed that used as dependent variables the monthly incidences of nosocomial MRSA infection and CDI at the Freiburg University Medical Center during the period January 2003 through October 2007. The volume of alcohol-based hand rub solution used per month was quantified in liters per 1,000 patient-days. Antibiotic consumption was calculated in terms of the number of defined daily doses per 1,000 patient-days per month.Results.The use of alcohol-based hand rub was found to have a significant impact on the incidence of nosocomial MRSA infection (P<.001). The multivariate analysis (R2= 0.66) showed that a higher volume of use of alcohol-based hand rub was associated with a lower incidence of nosocomial MRSA infection. Conversely, a higher level of consumption of selected antimicrobial agents was associated with a higher incidence of nosocomial MRSA infection. This analysis showed this relationship was the same for the use of second-generation cephalosporins (P= .023), third-generation cephalosporins (P= .05), fluoroquinolones (P= .01), and lincosamides (P= .05). The multivariate analysis (R2= 0.55) showed that a higher level of consumption of third-generation cephalosporins (P= .008), fluoroquinolones (P= .084), and/or macrolides (P= .007) was associated with a higher incidence of CDI. A correlation with use of alcohol-based hand rub was not detected.Conclusion.In 2 multivariate time-series analyses, we were able to show the impact of hand hygiene and antibiotic use on the incidence of nosocomial MRSA infection, but we found no association between hand hygiene and incidence of CDI.

Impact of simplified therapeutic guidelines on antibiotic prescriptions: a prospective multicentre comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-755
Author(s):  
Pierre-Marie Roger ◽  
Ingrid Peyraud ◽  
Michel Vitris ◽  
Valérie Romain ◽  
Laura Bestman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Therapeutic Guidelines ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Abstract Objectives We studied the impact of simplified therapeutic guidelines (STGs) associated with accompanied self-antibiotic reassessment (ASAR) on antibiotic use. Methods Prospective antibiotic audits and feedback took place at 15 hospitals for 12 months, allowing STGs with ≤15 drugs to be devised. STGs were explained to prescribers through sessions referred to as ASAR. Optimal therapy was defined by the conjunction of a diagnosis and the drug specified in the STGs. Analysis of consumption focused on critical drugs: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Results We compared prescriptions in five hospitals before (n = 179) and after (n = 168) the implementation of STGs + ASAR. These tools were associated with optimal therapies and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid prescriptions [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.28, 95% CI 1.82–5.92 and 2.18, 95% CI 1.38–3.44, respectively] and fewer prescriptions for urine colonization [AOR 0.20 (95% CI 0.06–0.61)]. Comparison of prescriptions (n = 1221) from 10 departments of three clinics with STGs + ASAR for the first quarters of 2018 and 2019 revealed that the prescriptions by 23 ASAR participants more often complied with STGs than those by 28 other doctors (71% versus 60%, P = 0.003). STGs alone were adopted by 10 clinics; comparing the prescriptions (n = 311) with the 5 clinics with both tools, we observed fewer unnecessary therapies in the latter [AOR 0.52 (95% CI 0.34–0.80)]. The variation in critical antibiotic consumption between 2017 and 2018 was −16% for the 5 clinics with both tools and +20% for the other 10 (P = 0.020). Conclusions STGs + ASAR promote optimal antibiotic therapy and reduce antibiotic use.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic on National Antimicrobial Consumption in Jordan

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Sayer Al-Azzam ◽  
Nizar Mahmoud Mhaidat ◽  
Hayaa A. Banat ◽  
Mohammad Alfaour ◽  
Dana Samih Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has overlapping clinical characteristics with bacterial respiratory tract infection, leading to the prescription of potentially unnecessary antibiotics. This study aimed at measuring changes and patterns of national antimicrobial use for one year preceding and one year during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annual national antimicrobial consumption for 2019 and 2020 was obtained from the Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA) following the WHO surveillance methods. The WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification was used. Total antibiotic consumption in 2020 (26.8 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day) decreased by 5.5% compared to 2019 (28.4 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day). There was an increase in the use of several antibiotics during 2020 compared with 2019 (third generation cephalosporins (19%), carbapenems (52%), macrolides (57%), and lincosamides (106%)). In 2020, there was a marked reduction in amoxicillin use (−53%), while the use of azithromycin increased by 74%. National antimicrobial consumption of the Access group decreased by 18% from 2019 to 2020 (59.1% vs. 48.1% of total consumption). The use of the Watch group increased in 2020 by 26%. The study highlighted an increase in the use of certain antibiotics during the pandemic period that are known to be associated with increasing resistance. Efforts to enhance national antimicrobial stewardship are needed to ensure rational use of antimicrobials.

A distributed computing system for multivariate time series analyses of multichannel neurophysiological data

2006 ◽  
Vol 152 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 190-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Müller ◽  
Hannes Osterhage ◽  
Robert Sowa ◽  
Ralph G. Andrzejak ◽  
Florian Mormann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Distributed Computing ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Neurophysiological Data ◽  
Time Series Analyses

Measuring Value Change in Western Industrialized Societies: The Impact of Unemployment

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold D. Clarke ◽  
Nitish Dutt
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Value Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Value Priorities ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
The Impact

During the past two decades a four-item battery administered in biannual Euro-Barometer surveys has been used to measure changing value priorities in Western European countries. We provide evidence that the measure is seriously flawed. Pooled cross-sectional time series analyses for the 1976–86 period reveal that the Euro-Barometer postmaterialist-materialist value index and two of its components are very sensitive to short-term changes in economic conditions, and that the failure to include a statement about unemployment in the four-item values battery accounts for much of the apparent growth of postmaterialist values in several countries after 1980. The aggregate-level findings are buttressed by analyses of panel data from three countries.

scholarly journals Interrupted time series analyses to assess the impact of alcohol control policy on socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in Lithuania: a study protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Manthey ◽  
Domantas Jasilionis ◽  
Huan Jiang ◽  
Olga Mesceriakova-Veliuliene ◽  
Janina Petkeviciene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
Inequalities In Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Alcohol use is a major risk factor for mortality. Previous studies suggest that the alcohol-attributable mortality burden is higher in lower socioeconomic strata. This project will test the hypothesis, that the 2017 increase of alcohol excise taxes for beer and wine, which was linked to lower all-cause mortality rates in previous analyses, will reduce socioeconomic mortality inequalities. Methods and analysis Data on all causes of deaths will be obtained from Statistics Lithuania. Record linkage will be implemented using personal identifiers combining data from 1) the 2011 whole-population census, 2) death records between March 1, 2011 (census date) and December 31, 2019, and 3) emigration records, for individuals aged 30 to 70 years. The analyses will be performed separately for all-cause and for alcohol-attributable deaths. Monthly age-standardized mortality rates will be calculated by sex, education, and three measures of socioeconomic status. Inequalities in mortality will be assessed using absolute and relative indicators between low and high SES groups. We will perform interrupted time series analyses, and test the impact of the 2017 rise in alcohol excise taxation using generalized additive mixed models. In these models, we will control for secular trends for economic development. Ethics and dissemination This work is part of project grant 1R01AA028224-01 by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. It has been granted research ethics approval 050/2020 by CAMH Research Ethics Board on April 17, 2020, renewed on March 30, 2021.

scholarly journals Impact of Crude Prices on Retail Prices – A Time Series Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S7) ◽  
pp. 606-612
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The UK has emerged as one of the largest producers of petroleum in the world. A significant amount of petroleum is used for fulfilling the energy demand within the country. However, the country witnessed a different trend from 2015. This is mainly due to the increase in imports of petroleum in order to meet domestic needs. To this, there is a need to identify the impact of changes exist in petrol and crude oil prices in the UK. In this context, the researcher has undertaken primary research to derive conclusions which are case specific and can comply with the research aim. The study used secondary data for the year 2015-2018 and conducted multivariate time series analysis. A series of tests including unit root, ARIMA, and co-integration tests were used to derive the results. The study found that there was an asymmetric relationship between the movements of prices of crude oil with respect to retail fuel prices in the long run. However, the study is not without limitations which are represented at the end of the study following with its future scope

scholarly journals Time-Series PV Hosting Capacity Assessment with Storage Deployment

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Bartecka ◽  
Grazia Barchi ◽  
Józef Paska
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Voltage Deviation ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
Capacity Selection ◽  
The Impact

Europe aims to diversify energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. On this field, large PV power growth is observed that may cause problems in existing networks. This paper examines the impact of distributed PV systems on voltage quality in a low voltage feeder in terms of the European standard EN 50160. As the standard defines allowable percentage of violation during one week period, time-series analyses are done to assess PV hosting capacity. The simulations are conducted with 10-minute step and comprise variable load profiles based on Gaussian Mixture Model and PV profiles based on a distribution with experimentally obtained parameters. In addition, the outcomes are compared with “snapshot” simulations. Next, it is examined how energy storage utilization affects the hosting capacity. Several deployments of energy storages are presented with different number and capacity. In particular, a greedy algorithm is proposed to determine the sub-optimal energy storage deployment based on the voltage deviation minimization. The simulations show that time-series analyses in comparison with snapshot analyses give completely different results and change the level of PV hosting capacity. Moreover, incorrect energy storage capacity selection and location may cause even deterioration of power quality in electrical systems with high RES penetration.

scholarly journals Interactions of viral pathogens on hospital admissions for pneumonia, croup and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: results of a multivariate time-series analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. G. UPSHUR ◽  
R. MOINEDDIN ◽  
E. J. CRIGHTON ◽  
M. MAMDANI
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Multivariate Time Series ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
The Impact

Co-circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza has made the partitioning of morbidity and mortality from each virus difficult. Given the interaction between chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and pneumonia, often one can be mistaken for the other. Multivariate time-series methodology was applied to examine the impact of RSV and influenza on hospital admissions for bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and COPD. The Granger Causality Test, used to determine the causal relationship among series, showed that COPD and pneumonia are not influenced by RSV (P=0·2999 and 0·7725), but RSV does influence bronchiolitis (P=0·0001). Influenza was found to influence COPD, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis (P<0·0001). The use of multivariate time series and Granger causality applied to epidemiological data clearly illustrates the significant contribution of influenza and RSV to morbidity in the population.

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