Predictability of Leaf Morphological Traits for Paleoecological Reconstruction: The Case of Leaf Cuticle and Leaf Dry Mass per Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda-Liisa Veromann-Jürgenson ◽  
Timothy J. Brodribb ◽  
Lauri Laanisto ◽  
Sam Bruun-Lund ◽  
Ülo Niinemets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Cuticle ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

Adaptational significance of variations in DNA methylation in clonal plant Hierochloe glabra (Poaceae) in heterogeneous habitats

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujin Bian ◽  
Dandan Nie ◽  
Fu Xing ◽  
Xiaoling Zhou ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Methylation Sensitive Amplification Polymorphism

As a prominent epigenetic modification, cytosine methylation may play a critical role in the adaptation of plants to different environments. The present study sought to investigate possible impacts of differential levels of nitrogen (N) supply on cytosine-methylation levels of a clonal plant, Hierochloe glabra Trin. (Poaceae). For this purpose, nitrate was applied at concentrations of 0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 g N kg–1 soil, and ecologically important morphological traits were measured. The methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism method was also conducted to analyse the variations in DNA cytosine methylation. Our results showed that N addition reduced CHG cytosine-methylation levels markedly compared with control plants growing in homogeneous pots (P = 0.026). No substantial differences were observed in morphological traits at the end of the growing stage, except for the highest ratio of leaf area to leaf dry mass in the medium-N patch (P = 0.008). However, significant linear regression relationships were found between cytosine-methylation levels and morphological traits, such as bud number and rhizome length and biomass. In conclusion, the higher cytosine-methylation level may activate asexual reproduction to produce more offspring and expand plant populations, possibly helping clonal plants to adapt to heterogeneous habitats.

scholarly journals 695 PB 277 INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCY ON GROWTH OF BLACK MAPLE AND SUGAR MAPLE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 532d-532
Author(s):  
William R. Grave
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

Differences in native habitat and leaf morphological traits have prompted speculation that black maple (Acer nigrum Michx.f.) is more drought resistant than sugar maple (A. saccharum Marsh.). In this study, growth of potted seedlings of the two species irrigated at 10-, 26-, or 42-day intervals was compared. For plants irrigated most frequently, dry mass, shoot: root ratio, stem length, and surface area of lamina were greater for sugar maple than black maple. The impact of drought was more pronounced in sugar maple than in black maple, causing reductions in stem length of ≈ 60% in sugar maple and ≈ 30% in black maple. Specific mass of lamina tended to be greater for black maple than sugar maple, particularly after drought, and it increased over time in both species. The slower growth, lower shoot: root ratio, and greater specific mass of lamina of black maple indicate. it is more drought resistant than sugar maple.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of two tropical weeds to shade: I. Growth and biomass allocation

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr Bernardino Dias-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Light ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schultz (Convolvulaceae) and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich) Vahl. (Verbenaceae), two weeds found in pastures and crop areas in Brazilian Amazonia, were grown in controlled environment cabinets under high (800-1000 µmol m-² s-¹) and low (200-350 µmol m-² s-¹) light regimes during a 40-day period. For both species leaf dry mass and leaf area per total plant dry mass, and leaf area per leaf dry mass were higher for low-light plants, whereas root mass per total plant dry mass was higher for high-light plants. High-light S. cayennensis allocated significantly more biomass to reproductive tissue than low-light plants, suggesting a probably lower ability of this species to maintain itself under shaded conditions. Relative growth rate (RGR) in I. asarifolia was initially higher for high-light grown plants and after 20 days started decreasing, becoming similar to low-light plants at the last two harvests (at 30 and 40 days). In S. cayennensis, RGR was also higher for high-light plants; however, this trend was not significant at the first and last harvest dates (10 and 40 days). These results are discussed in relation to their ecological and weed management implications.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Shoots and Roots of Young Watermelon Plants to End-of-day Red and Far-red Light

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-484
Author(s):  
Heather A. Hatt Graham ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Hoagland Solution ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Half Strength

The sensitivity of shoots and roots to end-of-day (EOD) red (R) or far-red (FR) light on growth of `Sugar Baby' watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai] was investigated. Plants were grown in full-strength Hoagland solution and treated for 14 days to 15 minutes EOD light in trial 1 and in half-strength Hoagland solution and treated for 10 days to EOD light in trial 2. Exposing shoots to EOD FR resulted in elongated petioles of leaves 1 to 3 (as counted from the cotyledons), internodes 1 to 3, and total stem length in both trials. Exposure to EOD FR resulted in increased stem and petiole dry mass in trial 1, whereas EOD FR resulted in increased root and leaf dry mass in trial 2. EOD FR exposure of roots increased the length of petiole 4 in trial 1. In general, shoots were more responsive than roots to the growth-regulating effects of EOD FR.

scholarly journals FLAME RETARDANTS EFFECTS ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF Schizolobium amazonicum HUBER EX DUCKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elen Silma Oliveira Cruz Ximenes ◽  
Andréa Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Adilson Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Josiane Fernandes Keffer ◽  
Alison Martins dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACT Flame retardants are efficient in fighting wildfire; however, their environmental implications, especially regarding the vegetation, need to be clarified. This work aimed at assessing the effects of flame retardant on the initial growth of Schizolobium amazonicum. Treatments consisted in applying different flame retardant concentrations via substrate and leaf: Phos-Chek WD-881® (0, 3.00, 6.00, 8.00 and 10.00 mL L-1), Hold Fire® (0, 7.00, 9.00, 12.00 and 15.00 mL L-1) and water-retaining polymer Nutrigel® used as alternative retardant (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g L-1). Growth analyses were carried out to assess the effects of these substances (10 repetitions per treatment). The aliquot of 10.00 mL L-1 of Phos-Chek WD881 applied on the leaves led to an increase of 70% in leaf area and 15% in seedling height. The same Phos-Chek concentration favored height increase (32%) and total dry mass accumulation (33%) throughout time. The concentration of 15 mL L-1 of Hold Fire® applied on leaves, compromised 45% the accumulation of dry biomass in the seedling. Initially, 1.00 g L-1 of Nutrigel® applied via substrate led to an increase of 70% in leaf area, 29% in plant height, and 89% in leaf dry mass. Therefore, Phos-Chek applied on leaves favored shoot growth in S. amazonicum. Hold Fire® applied on leaves impaired biomass accumulation in seedlings. Nutrigel® applied on substrate does not cause long-lasting damage to the initial growth of S. amazonicum. The aliquot of 0.50 g L-1 administered via polymer leave had positive effect on seedling shoot.

The behaviour of plants in various gas mixtures

1971 ◽  
Vol 179 (1056) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure ◽  
Ambient Oxygen ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

The effects of the composition and pressure of the ambient gas mixture on the diffusive gas exchange of leaves, and the effects of carbon dioxide and oxygen on respiration and photosynthesis are described. When photosynthesis is limited by the rate at which carbon dioxide reaches the chloroplasts, the net rate of photosynthesis of many (but not all) plant species depends on the ambient oxygen partial pressure. The effect of oxygen may be principally to stimulate a respiratory process rather than to inhibit carboxylation. However, when photosynthesis is not limited by the carbon dioxide supply, this respiratory process seems to be suppressed. The gas exchange of plant communities responds to the aerial environment in the way expected from measurements on single leaves, but the growth response to a given difference in gas composition is smaller than expected because of adaptation, notably in the ratio of leaf dry mass to leaf area. It is concluded that the growth rate of higher plants in given illumination will be independent of the partial pressure of oxygen and of other gases likely to be used to dilute it, provided that the carbon dioxide partial pressure is so adjusted (probably to not more than 2 mbar (200 Pa)) that the rate of photosynthesis is not limited by the rate of diffusion to the chloroplasts.

Leaf damage by Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its relation to leaf morphological traits in maize landraces and commercial cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Luis F. Conceição dos Santos ◽  
Esaú Ruiz-Sánchez ◽  
Rubén H. Andueza-Noh ◽  
René Garruña-Hernández ◽  
Luis Latournerie-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Leaf Morphological Traits

scholarly journals Environmental Impact On Morphological and Anatomical Structure of Ricinus communis L. Leaves Growing in Kathmandu, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Belai Meeta Singh Suwal ◽  
Ratna Silwal Gautam ◽  
Dikshya Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
The Impact

The current study was done to examine the impact of environmental pollution on morphology and anatomy of leaf of Ricinus communis L. of Kathmandu. The comparative study was done between the plants of high polluted sites i.e Ringroad sides and less polluted sites i.e Raniban forest of Kathmandu. The plants from both sites showed visible morphological and anatomical changes in leaves. These both study sites were found with similar soil factors and climatic factors. Reductions in some morphological and anatomical features were observed in leaves growing in highly polluted site. Reduction in leaf area, petiole length, thickness of palisade layer and thickness of spongy parenchyma was noticed in the leaves from highly polluted sites of Kathmandu. Other morphological and anatomical features such as leaf dry mass content, stomata frequency, thickness of cuticle and size of epidermal cells were noticed to be increased in leaves from highly polluted sites. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(2): 274-278  

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