The new fundamental bench mark of the ordnance survey

1923 ◽  
Vol 1 (0) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Sir Charles Close
Keyword(s):  
Bench Mark ◽  
Ordnance Survey

O. G. S. Crawford

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 185-186
Author(s):  
Stuart Piggott
Keyword(s):  
Generation Gap ◽  
Roman Britain ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Evening News ◽  
First Time

In June 1926 my father, a master at the school in Hampshire in which I was an idle and unedifying pupil, received a letter from the Archaeology Officer of the Ordnance Survey in Southampton, asking for details of a new Romano-British site at West Harting, on the downs just across the county boundary in Sussex. Crawford was collecting material for the second edition of the 0s Roman Britain map: my proud discovery of sherds in moleheaps and rabbit-scrapes had found its way into the parish magazine and thence to the Portsmouth Evening News where it had been spotted by OGSC, and so the letter was really for me. Correspondence followed; the next year, in Southampton with my parents en route for a holiday in France, I was able to meet him for the first time. The Generation Gap had not then been invented, and we liked one another from the start, and from then on OGS (as we were all later to call him) took upon himself to be my archaeological godfather.

scholarly journals Cost–Benefit Analysis of Municipal Sludge as a Low-Grade Nutrient Source: A Case Study from South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9950
Author(s):  
Eyob Habte Tesfamariam ◽  
Zekarias Mihreteab Ogbazghi ◽  
John George Annandale ◽  
Yemane Gebrehiwot
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Humid Zone

Municipal sludge has economic value as a low-grade fertilizer as it consists of appreciable amounts of the macro and micronutrients. When using sludge as fertilizer, the economic aspect should be taken into account. In this study, the following specific objectives were identified: (a) to investigate the economic feasibility of using sludge as a fertilizer; (b) to estimate the maximum economic distance sludge can be transported as a fertilizer; and (c) to test the economic feasibility of selling sludge using commercial inorganic fertilizer as a bench mark. The study showed that for anaerobically digested, paddy dried, municipal sludge consisting of 3% N, 2% P, and 0.3% K the economic feasibility of transporting the sludge was limited to a diameter of 20 km in the arid zone, 28 km in the semi-arid zone, 51 km in the sub humid zone, 66 km in the humid zone, and 75 km in the super-humid zone. Therefore, the economic feasibility of using sludge as a substitute for or complementary to commercial inorganic fertilizer is dictated by the distance between the wastewater care work and the farm, sludge nutrient concentration, agro-ecological zone (rain and temperature), and the real-time commercial inorganic fertilizer price.

Characteristics of a separated flow past a semicircular leading-edge airfoil model under different imposed pressure gradient

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441002110212
Author(s):  
K Anand ◽  
KT Ganesh
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Particle Image Velocimetry ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Particle Image ◽  
Separation Bubble ◽  
Separated Flow ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Image Velocimetry

The effect of pressure gradient on a separated boundary layer past the leading edge of an airfoil model is studied experimentally using electronically scanned pressure (ESP) and particle image velocimetry (PIV) for a Reynolds number ( Re) of 25,000, based on leading-edge diameter ( D). The features of the boundary layer in the region of separation and its development past the reattachment location are examined for three cases of β (−30°, 0°, and +30°). The bubble parameters such as the onset of separation and transition and the reattachment location are identified from the averaged data obtained from pressure and velocity measurements. Surface pressure measurements obtained from ESP show a surge in wall static pressure for β = −30° (flap deflected up), while it goes down for β = +30° (flap deflected down) compared to the fundamental case, β = 0°. Particle image velocimetry results show that the roll up of the shear layer past the onset of separation is early for β = +30°, owing to higher amplification of background disturbances compared to β = 0° and −30°. Downstream to transition location, the instantaneous field measurements reveal a stretched, disoriented, and at instances bigger vortices for β = +30°, whereas a regular, periodically shed vortices, keeping their identity past the reattachment location, is observed for β = 0° and −30°. Above all, this study presents a new insight on the features of a separation bubble receiving a disturbance from the downstream end of the model, and these results may serve as a bench mark for future studies over an airfoil under similar environment.

The Metamorphosed Limestones and Associated Contaminated Igneous Rocks of the Carlingford District, Co. Louth

1932 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 209-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
The South ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Igneous Complex ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Carboniferous Limestone ◽  
Contamination Effects

THE Carlingford-Barnave district falls within the boundaries of Sheet 71 of the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, and forms part of a broad promontory lying between Carlingford Lough on the north-east and Dundalk Bay on the south-west. The greater part of this promontory is made up of an igneous complex of Tertiary age which has invaded the Silurian slates and quartzites and the Carboniferous Limestone Series. This complex has not yet been investigated in detail, but for the purposes of the present paper certain references to it are necessary, and these are made below. The prevalence of hybrid-relations and contamination-effects between the basic and acid igneous rocks of the region is a very marked feature, and because of this it has been difficult at times to decide which types have been responsible for the various stages of the metamorphism.

Mapping Out a Digital Future for Ordnance Survey

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Ordnance Survey

The Nonstationary Effects in Asymmetric, Angle-Ply Laminated Composite Plates

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross M. Evan-Iwanowski ◽  
J. F. Nayfeh ◽  
C. H. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Laminated Composite Plates ◽  
Composite Columns ◽  
Decisive Effect ◽  
Initial Values ◽  
Excitation Frequencies ◽  
Nonstationary Effects

Abstract The system in the title has been subjected to a parametric, nonstationary (NS) linear v(t) = v0 + βt, and cyclic v(t) = v0 ± γ sin βt excitations. The NS linear responses settle on the initial, constant values for extended values of the excitation frequencies, thus they stabilize the stationary (ST) response. This is true for the initial conditions taken on the stationary curve, and for different ply-angles. For the initial conditions (I.C.) beyond the ST plots, the NS responses stay also near the initial conditions, but they have the wavy forms, which increase slightly for the lower values of the forcing frequencies. For the cyclic parametric excitations, the NS responses are cyclic contained within the ranges of the excitation amplitudes ±β and (finite) response amplitudes above the ST initial values, raising up and down within these limits. It appears that they cover the whole area within the above described constraints. The decisive effect of the cyclic NS inputs, i.e., almost instantaneous cyclic responses replacing the ST responses regardless of the I.C. and ST responses, is a bench mark of the cyclic NS. This behavior is distinctly different from the NS cyclic responses of the composite columns.

Establishment of geodetic control network for Quy Nhon University area

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Quang Hien Truong ◽  
◽  
Anh Tu Ngo ◽  
Thi Hien Cu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Total Station ◽  
Network Diagram ◽  
Specialized Software ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Geodetic Control ◽  
The University

Geodetic control network of Quy Nhon University (QNU) is established based on GNSS technology and electronic total station technology in combination with the middle geometrical elevation surveying method, bench mark of network built with firm concrete installed with a centralized insulator cap. The network consists of 11 points, of which 2 points are traversed from the cadastral point of class I, used as the starting points for the traverse. The network is built based on total station method with 2 turns of forward and backward surveying. The network’s leveling height is measured by the middle geometrical elevation surveying method, ensuring compliance with the procedures and rules of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. The research result includes a system of stable and solid network points, together with the coordinates and the leveling height that are closely adjusted by specialized software, control network diagram. Geodetic control network of the QNU is important in setting up map, general plan, planning, construction and serving for teaching and scientific research of the university.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document