For Measuring the Transmission Matrix of a Turbid Medium by Phase-shift Interferometry, Three steps are Better Than Four

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-cheng Zhang ◽  
Zuo-gang Yang ◽  
Long-jie Fang ◽  
Jing-lei Du ◽  
Zhi-you Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Turbid Medium ◽  
Transmission Matrix ◽  
Better Than

scholarly journals Hermitizing the HAL QCD potential in the derivative expansion

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinya Aoki ◽  
Takumi Iritani ◽  
Koichi Yazaki
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Derivative Expansion ◽  
Local Part ◽  
Scattering Phase ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Local Term ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A formalism is given to hermitize the HAL QCD potential, which needs to be non-Hermitian except for the leading-order (LO) local term in the derivative expansion as the Nambu– Bethe– Salpeter (NBS) wave functions for different energies are not orthogonal to each other. It is shown that the non-Hermitian potential can be hermitized order by order to all orders in the derivative expansion. In particular, the next-to-leading order (NLO) potential can be exactly hermitized without approximation. The formalism is then applied to a simple case of $\Xi \Xi (^{1}S_{0}) $ scattering, for which the HAL QCD calculation is available to the NLO. The NLO term gives relatively small corrections to the scattering phase shift and the LO analysis seems justified in this case. We also observe that the local part of the hermitized NLO potential works better than that of the non-Hermitian NLO potential. The Hermitian version of the HAL QCD potential is desirable for comparing it with phenomenological interactions and also for using it as a two-body interaction in many-body systems.

Averaging Trials Versus Averaging Trial Peaks: Impact on Study Outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Dames ◽  
Jeremy D. Smith ◽  
Gary D. Heise
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Average Data ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Individual Trial ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Average Profile ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Peak Value

Gait data are commonly presented as an average of many trials or as an average across participants. Discrete data points (eg, maxima or minima) are identified and used as dependent variables in subsequent statistical analyses. However, the approach used for obtaining average data from multiple trials is inconsistent and unclear in the biomechanics literature. This study compared the statistical outcomes of averaging peaks from multiple trials versus identifying a single peak from an average profile. A series of paired-samples t tests were used to determine whether there were differences in average dependent variables from these 2 methods. Identifying a peak value from the average profile resulted in significantly smaller magnitudes of dependent variables than when peaks from multiple trials were averaged. Disagreement between the 2 methods was due to temporal differences in trial peak locations. Sine curves generated in MATLAB confirmed this misrepresentation of trial peaks in the average profile when a phase shift was introduced. Based on these results, averaging individual trial peaks represents the actual data better than choosing a peak from an average trial profile.

Measuring Optical Transmission Matrix Based on Three Steps Phase Shift Interferometry and Focusing

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 0804007
Author(s):  
王剑南 Wang Jiannan ◽  
李伟 Li Wei ◽  
刘杰涛 Liu Jietao ◽  
孙雪莹 Sun Xueying ◽  
郭成飞 Guo Chengfei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Optical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Matrix

scholarly journals Rapid Oscillations in DQ Her and UX Uma

1979 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 518-518
Author(s):  
Jacobus A. Petterson
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Phase Stability ◽  
White Dwarf ◽  
Front Side ◽  
Classical Nova ◽  
Nonradial Pulsation ◽  
Color Emission ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Related Phase

Although the novalike variable UX UMa strongly resembles the classical nova DQ Her in color, emission spectrum, and optical lightcurve, the properties of the rapid oscillations in both systems are quite different. The oscillations differ in period, amplitude, and phase stability, but most remarkably they differ in the characteristics of the “eclipse related phase shift.” The phase shift in DQ Her is explainable by partial obscuration of the disk during eclipse, together with the idea that the oscillating light does not reach us directly from the white dwarf, but is reflected by the disk. It comes from a rotating UV beam originating near the white dwarf surface, which is reflected better by the backside of the disk than by the front side. We show that the phase shift in UX UMa is explainable by the same model, viewed at a different inclination angle i, if it is assumed that at this value of i reflection from the frontside of the disk is better than from the backside. There may be different ways to accomplish this preference. The results suggest that no retrograde rotation of the white dwarf (or retrogradely rotating nonradial pulsation) is needed to explain UX UMa’s eclipse related phase shift. These phase shifts provide a new (and quite accurate) way to determine a system’s inclination angle. Specific predictions are made for the behaviour of amplitude and phase of the oscillations in other eclipsing systems.

scholarly journals Modeling and Formulation of a Novel Microoptoelectromechanical Gyroscope

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohua Sun ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Mohamed Toriq Khan
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sagnac Gyroscope ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Better Than

This paper proposed a novel design of microgyroscope based on MEMS structures and optic interferometric microdisplacement measurement technique. The gyroscope consists of microvibrator and interferometric readout. Using Coriolis force, the vibrator transfers the system rotation into a forced vibration; the induced vibration can be sensed by the interferometric microdisplacement measurement system. The optic measurement system has two mirrors which will reflect two rays into a detector. The comprehensive studies on the formulation and analysis of the proposed gyroscope have been undertaken; two key sensor equations have been derived in the first time in the world: (1) relation between rotation and phase shift of lightΔφ=(4πl0/λ)+(8π/λ)(xmax⁡Qy/ωy)Ω(t)sin⁡(ωdt), (2) relation between rotation and interferometric intensity of lightI(t)≈(8π/λ)(xmax⁡Qy/ωy)Ω(t)sin⁡(ωdt)sin⁡(4πl0/λ). The comparison of the proposed gyroscope and well-know Sagnac formulation has been investigated; it shown that the proposed model is much better than Sagnac ones. The new model has finally get rid of needing very long fiber in the case of Sagnac gyroscope. The innovative model gives a new hope to fabricate high accurate and cheaper gyroscope. To date, the proposed gyroscope is the most accurate gyroscope.

Binocular interaction in the optokinetic system of the crab Carcinus maenas (L.): Optokinetic gain modified by bilateral image flow

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Ortwin Nalbach ◽  
Peter Thier ◽  
Dezsö Varjú
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rotational Component ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Optokinetic System ◽  
Image Flow ◽  
Binocular Interaction ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWe recorded optokinetic eye movements of the crab, Carcinus maenas, in split-drum experiments. The patterns were either oscillated in antiphase on both sides mimicking translational image flow or they were oscillated in phase producing rotational image flow. Eye movements elicited by the rotational stimulus were larger than those produced by the pseudotranslational pattern movements. The smaller response to the latter is mainly a consequence of binocular interaction, the strength of which depends on both the phase-shift and amplitude of pattern oscillation. We develop two hypotheses to explain our results: either (1) signals from each eye modify the gain of the linkage signals coming from the other eye, or (2) the signals coming from the other eye modify the gain of the control loop itself. Quantitative evaluation of the data favors the second of these two hypotheses, which comprises the models of Barnes and Horridge (1969) and Nalbach et al. (1985). In addition, we found that it is the signals from the two slow channels of the crab's movement-detecting system that are transferred from one eye to the other, while signals of the fastest channel act almost exclusively ipsilaterally. We discuss our results as an adaptation by which an animal with panoramic vision compensates exclusively the rotational component of image flow during locomotion. The fact that freely walking crabs distinguish the two components of image flow better than restrained crabs indicates that further visual and nonvisual signals help to disentangle image flow.

New families of asymmetric quantum BCH codes

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3&4) ◽  
pp. 239-252
Author(s):  
Giuliano G. La Guardia
Keyword(s):  
Phase Shift ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Bch Codes ◽  
Quantum Codes ◽  
Asymmetric Quantum ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Better Than

Several families of nonbinary asymmetric quantum Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) codes are presented in this paper. These quantum codes have parameters better than the ones available in the literature. Additionally, such codes can be applied in quantum systems where the asymmetry between qudit-flip and phase-shift errors is large.

The 9.3547 GHz complex permittivity of water in the temperature interval 0–10 °C

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. T. Van Kalleveen ◽  
H. A. Buckmaster
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Temperature Interval ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Complex Permittivity ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Precision Study ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Made In

This paper reports the results of a high precision study of the 9.3547 GHz complex permittivity of water in the temperature interval from 0–10°C. Measurements were made in ≈0.5 °C steps in the interval 0–5°C and ≈1.0 °C steps in the interval 5–10 °C. The precision for the permittivity and for the dielectric loss was typically ≈0.03% and ≈0.04%, respectively, whereas the accuracy is better than 0.15%. The values of the permittivity ε′(T), the dielectric loss ε″(T), the attenuation per unit length α(T), and the phase shift per unit length β(T) have been fitted to the empirical polynomial expressions[Formula: see text]

Demodulation of a M-Ray Position Phase Shift Keying System Using Multi-Class Support Vector Machine Classification

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 3840-3843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Qing Chen ◽  
Shu Bo Song ◽  
Wu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Symbol Error Rate ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Phase Shift Keying ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Svm Classification ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Better Than

In this paper, we introduce a new approach for nonlinear demodulation based on multi-class support vector machine (SVM) classification. We propose to measure the performance of this demodulator with different M which is the parameter of M-ray position phase shift keying (MPPSK) modulation, and compare with other demodulation technique. During demodulation, a few sampling points are chosen for multi-class SVM training and testing, which can reduce the complexity of system. Simulation results show that this new approach significantly outperforms the method of using Phase Locked Loop (PLL) demodulation by 10dB, and also better than Back Propagation Artificial Neural Networks (ANN-BP) classification demodulation. With the growth of M, the data rate increased and the performance become a little worse, but less bit SNR is used to achieve the same Symbol Error Rate (SER) as small M. So, it is an effective method to get better performance by using multi-class SVM classification technique for demodulation in MPPSK system.

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