A critical review of the common thermocouple reference functions

Metrologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 025004
Author(s):  
Emile Webster
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
The Common ◽  
Reference Functions

Meaningful and Physically Consistent Efficiency Definition for Positive Displacement Pumps - Continuation of the Critical Review of ISO 4391 and ISO 4409

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schänzle ◽  
Peter F. Pelz
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Dead Volume ◽  
Specific Enthalpy ◽  
Positive Displacement ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Common ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract ISO 4391:1984 gives the common efficiency definition for positive displacement machines. ISO 4409:2019 uses this efficiency definition to specify the procedure for efficiency measurements. If the machine conditions do not correspond with an incompressible flow due to operation at high pressure levels, the compressibility of the fluid and the dead volume of a pump must be taken into account. On this point, ISO 4391:1984 is physically inconsistent. Achten et. al. address this issue in their paper at FPMC 2019 presenting a critical review of ISO 4409:2007. They introduce new definitions of the overall efficiency as well as the mechanical-hydraulic efficiency. At the same time, they question the validity of the volumetric efficiency definition. Li and Barkei continue on this issue in their paper at FPMC 2020 and give a new efficiency definition based on the introduction of a new quantity Φ which describes the volume specific enthalpy of the conveyed fluid. The motivation of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing and fruitful discussion. Our approach starts with the most general efficiency definition, namely the isentropic efficiency. Subsequently, we make assumptions concerning the fluid properties with respect to the compressibility of the conveyed fluid. On the basis of the ideal cycle of a positive displacement pump and the p-v diagram, we derive physically consistent and more meaningful representations of the overall, the mechanical-hydraulic and the volumetric efficiency that address the inconsistency of ISO 4391:1984. Furthermore, we compare our findings with the existing results of Achten et. al. and Li and Barkei.

A Comparative Analysis and Critical Review of Summarization Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4167-4171
Author(s):  
Mausumi Goswami ◽  
M. Niranjanamurthy ◽  
Anlin Assisi ◽  
Sanjana Pillai ◽  
Christy Sunny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Text Summarization ◽  
Unstructured Data ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Digital Evolution ◽  
Business Applications ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Common ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

Unstructured data is outcome of various major business applications. Summarizing unstructured data is considered as a significant task in this era of smart digital evolution. Text summarization is basically done using the common approaches on the basis of certain predefined rules. Text summarization is a branch of text mining which helps in bringing together the main content of the text from the original text or document. This work was an attempt to understand the existing literature and make a critical review on the pros and cons of the methods used. A gap analysis is also included after inspecting various methods. A comparative study of intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation techniques is included. A methodology is proposed for text summarization using machine learning.

Erythropoietin in vitro. III. Perfusion of a lung-kidney preparation

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 1153-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan J. Erslev ◽  
Robert W. Solit ◽  
Rudolph C. Camishion ◽  
Sheldon Amsel ◽  
Junzo Ilda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Isolated Kidney ◽  
The Common

A critical review of six studies of perfused kidneys suggests that the methods used do not quite justify the common conclusion that an isolated kidney is capable of generating erythropoietin in response to hypoxia. In a repeat study, the gas tensions and pH were adjusted carefully in a perfused isolated dog lung-kidney preparation and the erythropoietin assays were carried out on standardized polycythemic rats or mice. In all of 13 technically successful experiments no generation of erythropoietic material could be demonstrated after 4 hr of perfusion with normal, hypoxic, or anemic blood. This unexpected result is discussed and it is suggested that erythropoietic material is released only from injured and disintegrating renal tissue but not from well-preserved and metabolically active kidneys.

Intellectual Capital Measurement and Reporting Models

2015 ◽  
pp. 117-139
Author(s):  
Jamal A. Nazari
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Common ◽  
Suggested Classification

This chapter extends the earlier study of Bontis (2001) by critically reviewing the existing methods to measure and report intellectual capital. Bontis's (2001) study contributed significantly to the intellectual capital measurement and reporting literature. However, despite the growth in the field of IC and development and introduction of several new approaches to measure and report intellectual capital, no recent study has synthesized the IC measurement and reporting models. The objective of this chapter is to fill this gap in the literature by providing a critical review of 28 IC measurement models. To achieve this objective, the author partially adopts Sveiby's (2007) suggested classification scheme for categorizing the existing measurement models. The classification will enable the reader to uncover the common attributes of each model and to contrast the dissimilarities.

scholarly journals L’insostenibile leggerezza della sostenibilità: i limiti dell’attuale ecopolitica

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Capurso ◽  
Emiliano Tolusso ◽  
Andrea Marini ◽  
Luca Bonardi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Common

‘Sustainability’ is a ubiquitous term within the political agenda worldwide. The common recognition of such concept has its roots in the Seventies and is the outcome of a cultural process which integrates the ‘limits to the (capitalistic) growth’ in its paradigm. Notwithstanding, the consistency between ‘sustainability’ as a concept and its expected contents is doubtful. A trustful approach towards the technical domain, together with the incorporation of ‘sustainability’ within the market mechanisms, have largely weakened the opportunity for the concept to be disruptive on a political level, locally and globally. The relevant distance between ‘sustainability’ as a term and its actual contents is the object of the present proposal. The underlying ambiguity of the ‘Sustainable Development Goals’ will be provided as a case-study for our critical review.

scholarly journals What to Say When There Is Nothing to Talk about

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (120) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Mircea Dumitru ◽  
Frederick Kroon
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Free Logic ◽  
Empty Names ◽  
Common Sense View ◽  
Santa Claus ◽  
Theory Of Meaning ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mark Sainsbury ◽  
Simple Sentences

In Reference without Referents, Mark Sainsbury aims to provide an account of reference that honours the common-sense view that sentences containing empty names like “Vulcan” and “Santa Claus” are entirely intelligible, and that many such sentences —“Vulcan doesn’t exist”, “Many children believe that Santa Claus will give them presents at Christmas”, etc.— are literally true. Sainsbury’s account endorses the Davidsonian program in the theory of meaning, and combines this with a commitment to Negative Free Logic, which holds that all simple sentences containing empty names are false. In this critical review, we pose a number of problems for this account. In particular, we question the ability of Negative Free Logic to make appropriate sense of the truth of familiar sentences containing empty names, including negative existential claims like “Vulcan doesn’t exist”.

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