Optimization of harvesting solar cell energy based on MPPT to be applied during the rainy season in the tropics

Conditions on farms in the tropics can differ greatly depending on the season of the year. Characteristics such as disease prevalence, climate and availability of resources may not be constant all year around; however an acceptable level of animal welfare must be maintained throughout the year. Since it is neither practical nor economically feasible to perform several assessments per year, the purpose of this study was to define whether there were animal welfare issues at farms that were affected by the season to identify which season would present a greater risk to animal welfare, using a risk-based approach. Forty-five dual-purpose family farms in the Mexican tropics were assessed via the Welfare Quality® protocol. During the rainy season, 2.2% of the farms were classified as excellent, 57.8% as enhanced, 31.1% as acceptable and 8.9% as unclassified. In the dry season, 31.1% were classified as excellent, 68.9% as enhanced and none of the farms were categorized as acceptable or unclassified. Consequently, the season which presented the greatest risk to animal welfare of dual-purpose cattle raised under tropical conditions was the rainy season. However, there were management-related differences observed between the two seasons and the dry season also had some animal welfare threats. The fact that farms scored higher during the dry season is possibly the result of farmer awareness, leading to modification of their systems to provide animals with the necessary inputs to meet their production needs. If these modifications were not fulfilled, then welfare conditions might have been jeopardized.

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Seasonal variation in some characteristics of seminal plasma of Sudan Desert sheep in the tropics

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600055015 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 45-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. A. A. Galil ◽

A. K. A. Galil

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variation ◽

Seminal Plasma ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Hydrogen Ion ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Monthly Variation ◽

Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Hot Weather ◽

The Tropics

SUMMARYSome androgen-dependent constituents of seminal plasma of Sudan Desert rams were measured during the hot dry summer, the hot rainy season and the winter under tropical conditions in the Sudan. Higher concentrations of both fructose and citric acid were obtained between July and October during the rainy season and low values between January and April during winter, with marked monthly and seasonal variation in both characters. Considerable monthly variation in the hydrogen-ion concentration of semen was obtained with lower values between August and January and higher values between February and July. The androgenic status of the animals appears not to be decreased during the hot weather, but no explanation can be offered for the decrease during the winter.

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Relation of the Electroluminescence Measurements to A-Si.H Solar Cell Parameters

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-377-633 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 377 ◽

Author(s):

Keda Wang ◽

Daxing Han

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Energy Spectrum ◽

Energy Conversion ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽

Initial Energy ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Cell Parameters ◽

Cell Energy

ABSTRACTWe have measured the intensity of electroluminescence (EL) and its energy spectrum in a-Si:H solar cells having an initial energy conversion efficiency from 5.75 to 9.8 %, and open-circuit voltages (Voc) between 0.799 and 0.952 V. We found that (a) at room temperature, EL efficiency is proportional to the initial solar cell energy conversion efficiency; (b) the defect energy distribution in the i-layer can be detected by EL energy spectrum at room temperature; and (c) Voc is simply related to the quasi-Fermi level splitting obtainable in the i-layer and that the buffer layer serves to increase this splitting.

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Silicon Parallel Multilayer Thin Film Solar Cells

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-426-103 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 426 ◽

Author(s):

Martin A. Green ◽

Alistair B. Sproul ◽

Tom Puzzer ◽

Guang Fu Zheng ◽

Paul Basore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Solar Cell ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽

Thin Film Solar Cells ◽

Multilayer Thin Film ◽

Solar Cell Structure ◽

Cell Energy

AbstractA new silicon parallel multilayer solar cell structure has recently been reported which can give high solar cell energy conversion efficiency from low quality silicon material. Advantages of this structure are described as is recent characterization work which compares the properties of grain boundaries in experimental devices to those predicted by earlier calculations.

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Investigations into the chemical composition and nutritive value of certain forage plants at medium altitudes in the tropics I. Seasonal variation in the chemical composition of the grasses Bothriochloa insculpta, Chloris gayana and Brachiaria dictyoneura, under rotational light grazing, with a note on the persistence of the grasses

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600039745 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. R. Todd

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Protein Content ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Dry Season ◽

East African ◽

African Grasses ◽

Chloris Gayana ◽

Inorganic Constituents ◽

The Tropics

Seasonal variations in the contents of organic and inorganic constituents of three East African grasses, Bothriochloa insculpta, Chloris gayana and Brachiaria dictyoneura are reported.Protein content is closely associated with rainfall and the stage of growth of the grasses. Protein content of from 15 to 20% is maintained for a short time only, at the beginning of the rainy season. During the dry season the values fall to 4–5%.Even in the vegetative phase the fibre contents are relatively high, 23% being the lowest figure recorded.A common feature of the grasses is a high content of silica, which may amount to more than 10% of the dry matter.The phosphorus content of the grasses is low, ranging from 0·65% P2O5 in young grass during the rainy season to 0·13% during the dry season.

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Age-dependent changes in diurnal thermoregulatory responses of rabbits during the early-rainy season

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v48i3.2951 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 33-40

Author(s):

L. S. Yaqub ◽

A. E. Ezekiel ◽

A. Umar ◽

B. Habibu ◽

H. Aliyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Heat Dissipation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Age Groups ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Thermoregulatory Responses ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Physiologic Parameters ◽

The Tropics ◽

Dissipation Thermique

High relative humidity and ambient temperature are one of the constrains to efficient thermoregulatory responses of rabbits in the tropics during the early-rainy season. The study investigated the effect of age on diurnal thermoregulatory responses in rectal (RT), ear (ET) and skin temperatures (ST) of rabbits during the early-rainy season. Seventeen apparently healthy rabbits were divided into three groups of 5 weaners, 6 growers and 6 adults. Physiologic parameters of RT, ET and ST of the rabbits were recorded concurrently with thermal environmental parameters of dry-bulb (DBT) and wet-bulb readings, at 07:00, 10:00, 13:00, 16:00 and 19:00 h, once per week for three weeks. Result revealed that RT, ET and ST were higher in adult compared to weaner or grower rabbits. The RT and ST were higher in adult than weaner rabbits at 13:00, 16:00 and 19:00 h. The ET was higher in adult than the weaner rabbits at 07:00 h. However, there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in physiological parameters between the weaner and grower rabbits. The DBT positively correlated with ET in all age groups (Weaners r = 0.960, P < 0.01; Growers r = 0.975, P < 0.01; Adult r = 0.942, P < 0.05). The ST of weaner (r = 0.904; P < 0.05) and grower (r = 0.997; P < 0.01) rabbits positively correlated with DBT. It was concluded that there was age- dependent effect on diurnal thermoregulatory responses and RH negatively impacted on heat dissipation ability of the rabbits. It is recommended that adequate ventilation should be provided in rabbit house to reduce the negative impact of high RH on heat dissipation ability of rabbits during the early-rainy season. L'humidité relative élevée et la température ambiante sont l'une des contraintes aux réponses thermorégulatrices efficaces des lapins sous les tropiques pendant la saison des pluies. L'étude a étudié l'effet de l'âge sur les réponses thermorégulatrices diurnes dans les températures rectales (RT), de l'oreille (ET) et de la peau (ST) des lapins pendant la saison des pluies précoces. Dix-sept lapins apparemment en bonne santé ont été divisés en trois groupes de 5 sevrés, 6 cultivateurs et 6 adultes. Les paramètres physiologiques de RT, ET et ST des lapins ont été enregistrés en même temps que les paramètres environnementaux thermiques des lectures de bulbe sec (DBT) et d'ampoule humide, à 07:00, 10:00, 13:00, 16:00 et 19:00 h, une fois par semaine pendant trois semaines. Le résultat a révélé que rt, ET et ST étaient plus élevés chez les adultes par rapport aux lapins sevrés ou de producteur. Le RT et le ST étaient plus élevés chez les lapins adultes que chez les lapins sevrés à 13 h, 16 h et 19 h. L'ET était plus élevé chez les adultes que chez les lapins sevrés à 7 h. Cependant, il n'yavait aucune différence significative (P > 0.05) dans les paramètres physiologiques entre le sevreur et les lapins de producteur. Le DBT était en corrélation positive avec l'ET dans tous les groupes d'âge (Sevreurs r = 0.960, P < 0.01; Producteurs r = 0.975, P < 0.01; Adulte r = 0.942, P < 0.05). Le ST du sevreur (r = 0.904; P < 0.05) et producteur (r = 0.997; P < 0.01) lapins positivement corrélés avec DBT. On a conclu qu'il y avait un effet dépendant de l'âge sur les réponses thermorégulatrices diurnes et que l'HR avait un impact négatif sur la capacité de dissipation thermique des lapins. Il est recommandé d'assurer une ventilation adéquate dans la maison du lapin afin de réduire l'impact négatif d'une HR élevée sur la capacité de dissipation thermique des lapins pendant la saison des pluies

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A COMPARISON OF WET MASH AND DRY MASH FEEDING FOR BROILER FINISHER DURING WET SEASON IN TIIE TROPICS

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v28i2.1862 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 143-146

Author(s):

H. A. AW0JOBI ◽

O. O. MESHIOYE

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Live Weight ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Wet Season ◽

Hot Weather ◽

The Tropics

An experiment was conducted to compare wet mash and conventional dry mash feeding for finisher broilers. Feed intake, live-weight gain, feed efficiency and weights of heart, crop, and abdominal fat deposit were significantly (P<0.05) higher in broilers receiving the wet mash. Water intake and gizzard weight were significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds fed dry mash. No significant (P<0.05) differences were observed in dressing percentage, weights of liver, intestine and the proventriculus. The results of this experiment demonstrated that wet feeding is not deleterious to the performance of broilers in the tropics. It also concluded that wet feeding is desirable not under hot weather conditions alone, but also during the rainy season.

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