Synthesis of Al/Fe Pillared Bentonite: Characterisation and Analysis of Thermodynamic Parameter

In the present paper thermodynamic limitations will be derived and summarized in the form of Equilibrium Electrochemical Synthesis (EES) diagrams, in order to predict the composition of the equilibrium phase, synthesized by galvanostatic co-deposition of components on inert electrodes. As a thermodynamic parameter, a difference of deposition potentials of pure components ( ?E) on inert cathodes is used (this parameter is a function of melt composition and temperature). Generally, the EES diagram predicts the equilibrium composition of the alloy as function temperature and ?E. However, for systems with homogeneous alloy formation the composition- ?E diagrams, drawn at a fixed temperature are more informative. As examples EES diagrams are constructed for the liquid Mg-Nd alloy, for some A(III)-B(V) (where A = Al, Ga, In and B = As, Sb), Si-C and for the Al-Ti system. For the Al-rich part of the Al-Ti system, also a semi-schematic non-equilibrium ES diagram is constructed. Based on these diagrams, the synthesis conditions of various phases has been discussed.

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Analysis of Water Adsorption on Chitosan and Its Blends with Hydroxypropylcellulose

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2007.7.1.181 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maria Mucha ◽

Kazimierz Wańkowicz ◽

Jacek Balcerzak

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Bonds ◽

Thermodynamic Parameter ◽

Solid Surface ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Water Adsorption ◽

Vapour Phase ◽

Heat Of Adsorption ◽

Water Molecules ◽

Monomolecular Layer ◽

Adsorption Of Water

AbstractChitosan (CH) and hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) adsorb water easily by hydrogen bonds formed with hydroxyl and amide groups present in their structures. Heat of adsorption is a thermodynamic parameter which is used to estimate the type of adsorbate molecule bond on a solid surface, among the others. Adsorption of water from vapour phase on chitosan, hydroxypropylcellulose and blends of both biopolymers in the form of films were carried out. Isotherms of water adsorption in the samples were described by the GAB equation. Correlations between mass fraction of chitosan in the sample (wf) and the values of GAB coefficients were obtained. From parameter c in the GAB equation mean heat of adsorption of the first monomolecular layer of water molecules E1, and pure molar heat of adsorption q were determined.

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A new thermodynamic parameter to predict glass forming ability in iron based multi-component systems containing zirconium

Intermetallics ◽

10.1016/j.intermet.2012.11.020 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 73-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

B. Ramakrishna Rao ◽

M. Srinivas ◽

A.K. Shah ◽

A.S. Gandhi ◽

B.S. Murty

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Parameter ◽

Glass Forming Ability ◽

Glass Forming ◽

Component Systems ◽

Iron Based

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Thermodynamic Parameter Variations in the Troposphere and Stratosphere in 1979-2016

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/211/1/012015 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 211 ◽

pp. 012015

Author(s):

Y P Perevedentsev ◽

K M Shantalinskii ◽

V V Guryanov ◽

A V Eliseev

Keyword(s):

Thermodynamic Parameter ◽

Parameter Variations

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Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics Based on the Distributions Containing Lifetime as a Thermodynamic Parameter

Journal of Thermodynamics ◽

10.1155/2011/203203 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vasiliy Vasiliy Ryazanov

Keyword(s):

Stochastic Processes ◽

Entropy Production ◽

Thermodynamic Parameter ◽

Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics ◽

Irreversible Thermodynamics ◽

Statistical Distributions ◽

Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics ◽

Nonequilibrium Entropy ◽

Nonequilibrium States ◽

Explicit Expressions

To describe the nonequilibrium states of a system, we introduce a new thermodynamic parameter—the lifetime of a system. The statistical distributions which can be obtained out of the mesoscopic description characterizing the behaviour of a system by specifying the stochastic processes are written down. The change in the lifetime values by interaction with environment is expressed in terms of fluxes and sources. The expressions for the nonequilibrium entropy, temperature, and entropy production are obtained, which at small values of fluxes coincide with those derived within the frame of extended irreversible thermodynamics. The explicit expressions for the lifetime of a system and its thermodynamic conjugate are obtained.

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Dilute solution viscometry study on the miscibility of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan-cellulose acetate blends

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng.2011.070 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alka G. Boricha ◽

Zagabathuni Venkata Panchakshari Murthy

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Thermodynamic Parameter ◽

Polymer System ◽

Solvent System ◽

Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽

Dilute Solution ◽

Polymer Sample ◽

Reduced Viscosity ◽

Viscosity Behavior ◽

Dilute Solution Viscometry

Abstract Dilute solution viscometry method is used for studying viscosity behavior of newly prepared N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC), cellulose acetate (CA), and their blends at different compositions (0/10, 2/8, 4/6, 5/5, 6/4, 8/2, 10/0). In this method, reduced viscosity (η sp/c) and inherent viscosity (ln η rel/c) of the given polymer sample have been determined by measuring the flow time of the polymer sample in acetone solvent. Huggins (k) and Kraemer coefficients (k′) for given polymer-solvent system are calculated from the extrapolation of plots (η sp/c) versus(c) and (ln η rel/c) versus(c). The miscibility of this polymer system is determined using different criteria such as Δb, Δb′, , interaction parameter Δ[η], thermodynamic parameter α, and modified thermodynamic parameter β. Based on the positive or negative sign of this criteria, miscibility of the polymer system is investigated. The results of the dilute solution viscometry method suggested that the NOCC/CA blends are miscible at the compositions range of 4/6, 5/5, 6/4, and 8/2 and completely immiscible at the 2/8 composition. The results are also supported by Fourier transform infrared analyses of all the compositions.

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