scholarly journals Recording of temperatures and heat accumulation in masonry in a continuous kiln used to produce ceramic materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2073 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
G Guerrero Gómez ◽  
N Afanador García ◽  
R J Gallardo Amaya
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Temperature Constant ◽  
Combustion Processes

Abstract In Ocaña, Colombia, a traditional ceramic industry has been developed using low efficiency kilns without controls in the combustion processes, which generate large heat losses. As a result, it was necessary to implement a virtual instrument to monitor temperatures in the firing process. For the study, a continuous Hoffman kiln, and the temperature acquisition was carried out in two combustion chambers and lasted twenty-four hours. In the kiln firing process, the energy supplied due to coal combustion was 22198×106 KJ, while the heat accumulated in the kiln roof, walls and floor was 14452.6×106 KJ, 1085.71×106 KJ and 164.72×106 KJ respectively. The total heat stored in the masonry was 15703.03×106 KJ, representing 70.73 % of the energy supplied. Due to the material used in the construction of the kiln, the accumulated heat is high, and it is necessary to implement coatings using ceramic fibers on the kiln walls, keeping the temperature constant in the firing process and leading to a decrease in heat accumulation of about 20 %. Also, air, fuel, temperature, and pressure injection systems should be implemented.

scholarly journals Energy lost in endothermic reactions in the production of clay blocks in a continuous kiln

2021 ◽  
Vol 2118 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
G Guerrero Gómez ◽  
N Afanador García ◽  
C Nolasco Serna
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Instrument ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Brick Kiln ◽  
Coal Quality ◽  
Reducing Gas ◽  
Record Data ◽  
Endothermic Reactions ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases

Abstract In Ocaña, Norte de Santander, Colombia, the production of ceramic materials is done in a traditional and empirical manner, generating heat losses, low productivity and product quality, and increased emissions of polluting gases into the environment. A virtual instrument for temperature data acquisition was developed and the firing process was monitored in two loading doors of a Hoffman kiln. 29040 blocks were produced, and 1370.76 kg of pulverized charcoal were consumed. The firing process lasted sixty-two hours and the virtual instrument was programmed to record data every 5 minutes. The energy supplied to the brick kiln was 340.16x106 kJ and the heat due to loading of the products and heat lost in the endothermic reactions of the clay was 107.71x106 kJ and 105.71x106 kJ respectively, representing 31.66% and 31.08% of the energy supplied. The results have made it possible to establish trends in the temperatures and energy consumed in the endothermic reactions in the clay. This will allow the implementation of coal quality and grinding procedures, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing gas emissions into the environment, thus avoiding acute respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Energy evaluation of clay firing process and combustion gases in an intermittent kiln

2022 ◽  
Vol 2163 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
G Guerrero Gómez ◽  
N Afanador Garcia ◽  
C Nolasco Serna
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Pollutant Gases ◽  
Reducing Energy ◽  
Residual Heat

Abstract The recording of temperatures in different positions in the firing process in an intermittent kiln to produce ceramic materials is presented, which led to the energy evaluation, determining the heat used for the clay firing process and the heat losses. In addition, a study of the emissions of pollutant gases released into the environment was carried out, as stipulated in the protocol of control, and monitoring of stationary source. In the energy balance, large energy losses were detected in heat accumulation in the masonry of 7.20×106 KJ of the energy supplied, representing 16.99%, and in the kiln walls of 5.20×10 KJ, representing 12.17%. As a result, it is necessary to make constructive and operative changes in the operation of the kilns, which will lead to the recovery of residual heat in the use of drying of parts, drying, and preheating of combustion air, reducing energy consumption and emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. The average concentration of particulate matter released into the environment was 1056.60 mg/m3, 422% higher than the standard, affecting people’s health.

The Civic: A Concept in Vortex Induced Combustion for the Solar Gemini 10 kW Gas Turbine

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Shekleton
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diffusion Flames ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Turbine Generator ◽  
Fuel Injectors ◽  
Swirl Flame ◽  
Combustion Processes

The Radial Engine Division of Solar Turbines International, an Operating Group of International Harvester, under contract to the U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research & Development Command, developed and qualified a 10 kW gas turbine generator set. The very small size of the gas turbine created problems and, in the combustor, novel solutions were necessary. Differing types of fuel injectors, combustion chambers, and flame stabilizing methods were investigated. The arrangement chosen had a rotating cup fuel injector, in a can combustor, with conventional swirl flame stabilization but was devoid of the usual jet stirred recirculation. The use of centrifugal force to control combustion conferred substantial benefit (Rayleigh Instability Criteria). Three types of combustion processes were identified: stratified and unstratified charge (diffusion flames) and pre-mix. Emphasis is placed on five nondimensional groups (Richardson, Bagnold, Damko¨hler, Mach, and Reynolds numbers) for the better control of these combustion processes.

Oxygen Enrichment in Combustion Processes: Comparative Experimental Results From Several Application Fields

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
M. De Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Oxygen Enrichment ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Combustion Processes

The effects of using oxygen to partially or wholly replace fuel air in small-size melting furnaces were studied over a range of application fields. Following definition of the useful parameters, testing was conducted on furnaces for melting glass, ferrous metals (pigiron), nonferrous metals (copper alloys), and ceramic materials. In all cases, oxygen-enrichment was found to provide significant energy savings, as well as notable advantages in terms of both plant output and energy consumption.

Simulation Research on Matching of Spray and Combustion Chamber Geometry in Diesel Engine

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Cheng Zhang ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Zhi Xia He ◽  
Ping Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Combustion Processes

In order to investigate the influence of combustion chamber geometry on spray and combustion characteristics in diesel engine, universal CFD software STAR-CD is applied to simulate the combustion processes in three different types of combustion chambers of diesel engine. The effect of combustion chamber geometry on in–cylinder air motion, temperature field and exhaust emissions are researched in this paper. Comparing with experimental results, calculation models are proved to be validity. The results show that differences of combustion chamber shape change the characteristic of flow field in cylinder, which affects the formation of mixed gas and determines the combustion and emission characteristics.

A Control-Oriented Jet Ignition Combustion Model for an SI Engine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruitao Song ◽  
Gerald Gentz ◽  
Guoming Zhu ◽  
Elisa Toulson ◽  
Harold Schock
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Turbulent Jets ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Lean Operations ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Hil Simulation

A turbulent jet ignition system of a spark ignited (SI) engine consists of pre-combustion and main-combustion chambers, where the combustion in the main-combustion chamber is initiated by turbulent jets of reacting products from the pre-combustion chamber. If the gas exchange and combustion processes are accurately controlled, the highly distributed ignition will enable very fast combustion and improve combustion stability under lean operations, which leads to high thermal efficiency, knock limit extension, and near zero NOx emissions. For model-based control, a precise combustion model is a necessity. This paper presents a control-oriented jet ignition combustion model, which is developed based on simplified fluid dynamics and thermodynamics, and implemented into a dSPACE based real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation environment. The two-zone combustion model is developed to simulate the combustion process in two combustion chambers. Correspondingly, the gas flowing through the orifices between two combustion chambers is divided into burned and unburned gases during the combustion process. The pressure traces measured from a rapid compression machine (RCM), equipped with a jet igniter, are used for initial model validation. The HIL simulation results show a good agreement with the experimental data.

Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity of Porous Al2O3-ZrO2 Ceramics

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Tiago Delbrücke ◽  
Rogério A. Gouvêa ◽  
Cristiane W. Raubach ◽  
Elson Longo ◽  
Vânia Caldas Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Porous Ceramic ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Laser Flash ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Flash Method ◽  
Rocket Engines ◽  
Ceramic Fibers

The improvement on the development of porous ceramic materials has leaded to new technologies in thermal insulation, for example, composite materials for better performance of pressure vessels in rocket engines. Within this context, the present work aims to evaluate the ability of a refractory ceramic base alumina/zirconia through the processes of co-precipitation and replica method in an organic fiber template. The green body was burnt-out and sintered at 1200-1600°C to obtain the continuous porous ceramic fibers. In the FEG-SEM analysis, an interconnected porous structure with small grains was observed. The crystalline phases were determined by X-ray diffraction and compared to micro-Raman results regarding the crystalline structure confirms that there present in the material zirconia is composed of more than one phase. Porosity was calculated through a mercury porosimeter as 77.9%, and the Laser Flash method gave a thermal conductivity value of 1.61 K W.m−1.K−1 for the Al2O3-ZrO2 fibers.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KESELAMATAN TERMOHIDROLIK BULK SHIELDING REAKTOR KARTINI

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Azizul Khakim
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
Hydraulic Safety ◽  
Convection Cooling ◽  
Integrated Facility ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Criticality Accidents

ABSTRAK ANALISIS KESELAMATAN TERMOHIDROLIK BULK SHIELDING REAKTOR KARTINI. Bulk shielding merupakan fasilitas yang terintegrasi dengan reaktor Kartini yang berfungsi sebagai penyimpanan sementara bahan bakar bekas. Fasilitas ini merupakan fasilitas yang termasuk dalam struktur, sistem dan komponen (SSK) yang penting bagi keselamatan. Salah satu fungsi keselamatan dari sistem penanganan dan penyimpanan bahan bakar adalah mencegah kecelakaan kekritisan yang tak terkendali dan membatasi naiknya temperatur bahan bakar. Analisis keselamatan paling kurang harus mencakup analisis keselamatan dari sisi neutronik dan termo hidrolik Bulk shielding. Analisis termo hidrolik ditujukan untuk memastikan perpindahan panas dan proses pendinginan bahan bakar bekas berjalan baik dan tidak terjadi akumulasi panas yang mengancam integritas bahan bakar. Code tervalidasi PARET/ANL digunakan untuk analisis pendinginan dengan mode konveksi alam. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa mode pendinginan konvekasi alam cukup memadai dalam mendinginkan panas sisa tanpa mengakibatkan kenaikan temperatur bahan bakar yang signifikan. Kata kunci: Bulk shielding, bahan bakar bekas, konveksi alam, PARET.  ABSTRACT THERMAL HYDRAULIC SAFETY ANALYSIS OF BULK SHIELDING KARTINI REACTOR. Bulk shielding is an integrated facility to Kartini reactor which is used for temporary spent fuels storage. The facility is one of the structures, systems and components (SSCs) important to safety. Among the safety functions of fuel handling and storage are to prevent any uncontrolable criticality accidents and to limit the fuel temperature increase. Safety analyses should, at least, cover neutronic and thermal hydraulic calculations of the bulk shielding. Thermal hydraulic analyses were intended to ensure that heat removal and the process of the spent fuels cooling takes place adequately and no heat accumulation that challenges the fuel integrity. Validated code, PARET/ANL was used for analysing the spent fuels cooling with natural convection mode. The calculations results concluded that natural convection cooling mode can adequately cools down the decay heat without significant increase in fuel temperatur. Keywords: bulk shielding, spent fuels, natural convection, PARET.

scholarly journals Latvijas minerālās izejvielas eko-keramikas izstrādei

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 62-85
Author(s):  
Gaida Sedmale ◽  
Māris Rundāns ◽  
Mārtiņs Randers ◽  
Ingunda Šperberga ◽  
Andris Cimmers
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Ceramic Material ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Phase Formation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Insight Into

Darbā dots ieskats par iespējām izmantot Latvijas minerālās izejvielas kā bāzi vai  piedevu  keramikas  materiālu  (eko-materiālu)  izstrādei ar dažādu pielietošanas aspektu, to skaitā parādīt iespēju šo materiālu ieguves tehnoloģisko procesu optimizēšanai virzībā uz to apdedzināšanas temperatūras samazināšanu, līdz ar to reducējot kaitīgu gāzveida izmešu nonākšanu vidē. Parādīti darbu rezultāti laika periodā no 2007. g. līdz 2017. g. Tiek apskatīti un analizēti sekojoši pētījumi:neapstrādāta māla pielietošana atkritumu deponēšanas vietu noblīvēšanai;daļēji dehidratizēta māla pielietošana Cr3+, Cr6+, Zn2+ un Cu+ jonu sorbcijai, kas veidojas galvanisko procesu notekūdeņos; poru saturošas augsttemperatūras keramikas izstrāde no jauktiem izejvielu maisījumiem, kas nodrošina pietiekamu gāzveida fāzes izveidošanos keramikas apdedzināšanas procesā, veidojot poras, lai pielietotu par filtrēšanas/attīrīšanas materiālu;illīta māla piedevu izmantošana, lai pazeminātu augsttemperatūras blīvas keramikas saķepināšanas/apdedzināšanas temperatūru, iegūstot ilgspējīgu mehāniski un termiski izturīgu produktu; kā arī tehnoloģiskie procesi, kas nodrošina porainas, siltumu izolējošas keramikas materiāla ieguvi pie pazeminātām temperatūrām (ģeopolimēru metode).Mineral Raw Materials of Latvia for Development of Eco-CeramicsThe paper gives an insight into the possibilities to use Latvian mineral raw materials as a base or additives for the development of ceramic materials (eco- materials) with different application aspects, including showing the possibility of optimizing the technological processes of these materials towards the reduction of their firing temperature, thereby reducing the release of harmful gaseous effluents into the environment.The results of the works that are reported in the period were obtained from  2007 to 2017. The following studies are reviewed and analyzed: the use of untreated clay for the sealing of waste deposits; the use of partly dehydrated clay for sorption of Cr3+,6+, Zn2+ and Cu2+, which have formed in galvanic processes; the development of porous high temperature ceramics from mixes  of mineral raw materials and synthetic additives that provide a sufficient gas phase  formation in the firing process and consecutively to form pores in obtained ceramic material; the use of illite clay additives to reduce the temperature of sintering of high temperature dense mechanical and thermally durable ceramics, as well as technological processes that ensure the production of porous, heat-insulating ceramic materials at reduced temperatures (geopolymer method).

Electrospun iron and copper oxide fibers for virus retention applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 4373-4382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Schabikowski ◽  
Alicja Cichoń ◽  
Zoltán Németh ◽  
Władysław Kubiak ◽  
Dariusz Kata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Organic Salt ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Polymer Precursors ◽  
Virus Retention

This work describes the fabrication of ceramic fibers by electrospinning based on iron(III) oxide or copper(II) oxide. The fibers were produced from organic salt/polymer precursors and transformed into pure ceramic materials by firing. The fibers were designed to remove negatively charged viruses from drinking water. The obtained ceramic fibers were characterized by diameters of 0.23 ± 0.10 μm and 0.17 ± 0.06 μm for iron- and copper-based fibers, respectively. The performance of 0.100 g of fibers in the removal of MS2 bacteriophages in batch adsorption experiments reached log reduction values of 1.70 and 0.44 after 5 min and 10 min of contact time for iron(III) oxide and copper(II) oxide fibers, respectively.

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