scholarly journals Liquid-Phase Exfoliated Graphene-MoS2 Based Saturable Absorber for Q-switched Erbium Doped Fiber Laser

2021 ◽  
Vol 2075 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
S. N. M. Halim ◽  
N. A. H. Jasni ◽  
M.F.M. Taib ◽  
W. M. F. W Nawawi ◽  
F. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Laser Generation ◽  
Exfoliated Graphene ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Scalable Production

Abstract Upon exfoliation from the bulk form, two-dimensional materials have shown ubiquitous properties which are suitable for Q-switched pulsed laser generation. In this research, a successful solution process of graphene-MoS2 nanocomposite saturable absorber through liquid phase exfoliation has been carried out. The method offers a low-cost route for simple and scalable production while providing a promising material quality with on-demand properties and integration flexibility. Stable Q-switched laser operation was realized with graphene-MoS2 hybrid saturable absorber. The pulse duration was measured to be 6 µs with repetition rate of 63.92 kHz corresponding to a peak power and pulse energy of 5.05 mW and 30.87 nJ, respectively.

scholarly journals Observation of dark and bright pulses in q-switched erbium doped fiber laser using graphene nano-platelets as saturable absorber

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayah Muhamad Apandi ◽  
Siti Nur Fatin Zuikafly ◽  
Nabilah Kasim ◽  
Mohd Ambri Mohamed ◽  
Sulaiman Wadi Harun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Laser Cavity ◽  
Laser Generation ◽  
Output Peak Power ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Cavity Configuration

In this paper, a passively Q-switched Erbium doped fiber laser (EDFL) by residing Graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) embedded in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based saturable absorber (SA) is demonstrated. To aid the dispersion of GNPs, a surfactant is used and then it is mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as host polymer to develop GnPs-PVA film based passive SA. The GnPs-PVA based film then integrated in laser cavity in ring cavity configuration for pulse laser generation. The experimental works show that the proposed passive SA operates at input pump power range from 77 mW to 128 mW with a tunable repetition rate from 78.4 kHz to 114.8 kHz and a shortest pulse width of 3.69 µs. The laser produces maximum instantaneous output peak power and pulse energy of 7.3 mW and 30.46 nJ, respectively and accompanied by signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 64 dB.

scholarly journals PbS Quantum Dots Saturable Absorber for Dual-Wavelength Solitons Generation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2561
Author(s):  
Ling Yun ◽  
Wei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ultrafast Lasers ◽  
Dual Wavelength ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pbs Quantum Dots ◽  
Application Prospects

PbS quantum dots (QDs), a representative zero-dimensional material, have attracted great interest due to their unique optical, electronic, and chemical characteristics. Compared to one- and two-dimensional materials, PbS QDs possess strong absorption and an adjustable bandgap, which are particularly fascinating in near-infrared applications. Here, fiber-based PbS QDs as a saturable absorber (SA) are studied for dual-wavelength ultrafast pulses generation for the first time to our knowledge. By introducing PbS QDs SA into an erbium-doped fiber laser, the laser can simultaneously generate dual-wavelength conventional solitons with central wavelengths of 1532 and 1559 nm and 3 dB bandwidths of 2.8 and 2.5 nm, respectively. The results show that PbS QDs as broadband SAs have potential application prospects for the generation of ultrafast lasers.

scholarly journals Q-switched Erbium Doped Fiber Laser Incorporating Antimony (III) Telluride in Polyvinyl Alcohol as Saturable Absorber

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Ezzatul Irradah Ismail ◽  
S Muhammad Ashraf Zolkopli ◽  
Muhammad Quisar Lokman ◽  
Hafizal Yahaya ◽  
Sulaiman Wadi Harun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pump Power ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Laser Generation ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Center Wavelength ◽  
Erbium Doped

<span lang="EN-US">In this paper, we demonstrated a Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser (EDFL) incorporating Antimony (III) Telluride (Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>) in polyvinyl alchohol (PVA) as passive saturable absorber.  The saturable absorber were fabricated by dissolving Antimony (III) Telluride powder into PVA solution and dry in the ambient temperature for 48 hours. Then, 1 mm<sup>2</sup> x 1 mm<sup>2</sup> Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>-PVA film based saturable absorber were sandwiched in between FC/PC ferrule for Q-switched laser generation. The stable and self-started Q-switched laser operates at center wavelength 1560 nm with 3 dB bandwidth of 0.23 nm. The laser operates at pump power of 29.3 mW until 84.9 mW with repetition rate of 20.99 kHz to 89.29 kHz and pulse width of 13.95 µs to 5.10 µs. At maximum pump power, the laser able to achieve pulse energy of 62.72 nJ and high signal to noise ratio of 71.4</span>

scholarly journals Passively Q-Switched Pulse Erbium Doped Fiber Laser Using Antimony (III) Telluride (Sb2Te3) thin Film as Saturable Absorber

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Noor U.H.H. Zalkepali ◽  
Noor A. Awang ◽  
Yushazlina R. Yuzaile ◽  
Amirah A . Latif ◽  
Fauzan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Modulation Depth ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Output Pulse ◽  
Laser Generation ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Antimony Telluride ◽  
Erbium Doped

This paper demonstrates on an antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) thin film sandwiched between two fiber ferrule as saturable absorber for Q-switched pulsed Erbium doped fiber (EDF) laser. The saturable absorber is fabricated by dissolving Antimony (III) Telluride powder into PVA solution and dry in the ambient temperature for 48 hours. Then, 1 mm2 x 1 mm2 Sb2Te3-PVA film based saturable absorber is sandwiched in between FC/PC ferrule for Q-switched laser generation. The modulation depth of the Sb2Te3 is measured as 28.01% with input intensity 0.02 MW/cm2. The developed passive saturable absorber integrated in EDF laser in ring cavity and the characterised pulse is with repetition rates of 30.21 kHz, shortest pulse width of 3.26 µs and signal-noise-ratio (SNR) of 42 dB. The maximum output pulse energy is achieved at pump power 69.5 mW with 29.5 nJ and the output power 0.89 mW.

scholarly journals Performance of Graphene Nanopowder-Polyvinyl Alcohol in Optical Pulse Generation at 1.5 Micron Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Nabihah Hussain ◽  
Mohd Rashidi Salim ◽  
Asrul Izam Azmi ◽  
Muhammad Yusof Mohd Noor ◽  
Ahmad Sharmi Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Ring Cavity ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Pulse Generation ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Laser Generation ◽  
Erbium Doped

This paper explains about the performance of graphene nanopowder (GNP) based saturable absorber (SA) at 1.5-micron region which is prepared by dissolution in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer. Two different GNP flakes thickness (AO2-8 nm and AO4-60 nm) are tested. By applying a solution casting method, three weight ratio of GNP to PVA (12.04, 8.03 and 3.11 wt.%) have been prepared and fabricated as a composite thin film. To characterize for the SA performance, 4 mm2 area of GNP-PVA thin film is embedded in a 14 meters long ring cavity with 3 meters Erbium doped fiber (EDF) as a gain medium. Our characterization results show that the GNP-PVA thin film act as a Q-switcher which produce stable laser pulses for 12.04 wt.% with maximum repetition rate of 39.22 kHz and shortest pulse width of 11.79 µs. Meanwhile, unstable Q-switched pulses of 8.03 wt.% and 3.11 wt.% have been observed with recorded signal to noise ratio (SNR) of only 21 dB and 17 dB, respectively. The threshold pumping power for Q-switched lasing to emerge is recorded as low as 30 mW. Apparently, it shows that GNP concentration and flakes thickness in fabricated SA composite plays vital role in the performance of generated Q-switch laser, particularly at 1.5 µm region. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT. Hasan, Z. Sun, F. Wang, F. Bonaccorso, P.H. Tan, A.G. Rozhin, A.C. Ferrari, "Nanotube–Polymer Composites for Ultrafast Photonics", Adv. Mater. 21, 3874 (2009). CrossRef Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z.X. Shen, K.P. Loh, D.Y. Tang, "Atomic-Layer Graphene as a Saturable Absorber for Ultrafast Pulsed Lasers", Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 3077 (2009). CrossRef Z. Luo, M. Zhou, J. Weng, G. Huang, H. Xu, C. Ye, Z. Cai, Opt. Lett. 35(21), 3709 (2010). CrossRef D. Popa, Z. Sun, T. Hasan, F. Torrisi, F. Wang, A.C. Ferrari, "Graphene Q-switched, tunable fiber laser", Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 3106 (2011). CrossRef Y.M. Chang, H. Kim, J.H. Lee, Y. Song, "Multilayered graphene efficiently formed by mechanical exfoliation for nonlinear saturable absorbers in fiber mode-locked lasers", Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 211102 (2010). CrossRef M. Jiang, Z. Ren, Y. Zhang, B. Lu, R. Zhang, J. Guo, Y. Zhou, J. Bai, "Passive Q-Switching with Graphene Saturable Absorber in Nd:YAG Operating at 1064nm", Mater. Sci. Forum 694, 700 (2011). CrossRef N. Hussin, M.H. Ibrahim, F. Ahmad, H. Yahaya, S.W. Harun, "Graphene Nanoplatelets (GnP)-PVA Based Passive Saturable Absorber", Telkomnika 15(2), 814 (2017). CrossRef F.C. Mat, M. Yasin, A.A. Latiff, S.W. Harun, Photonics Letters of Poland 9, 100 (2017). CrossRef E.K. Ng, K.Y. Lau, H.K. Lee, N.M. Yusoff, A.R. Sarmani, M.F. Omar, M.A. Mahdi, "L-band femtosecond fiber laser based on a reduced graphene oxide polymer composite saturable absorber", Opt. Mater. Express 11, 59 (2021). CrossRef N.H.M. Apandi, S.N.F. Zuikafly, N. Kasim, M.A. Mohamed, S.W. Harun, F. Ahmad, "Observation of dark and bright pulses in q-switched erbium doped fiber laser using graphene nano-platelets as saturable absorber", Bull. Electr. Eng. Inform. 8, 1358 (2019). CrossRef N.U.H.H.B. Zalkepali, N.A. Awang, Y.R. Yuzaile, Z. Zakaria, A.A. Latif and F. Ahmad, "Graphene Nanoplatelets as Saturable Absorber for Mode-locked Fiber Laser Generation", J. Adv. Res. Dyn. Control Syst. 12(2), 602 (2020). CrossRef X. Zhu and S. Chen, "Autoencoder-Based Transceiver Design for OWC Systems in Log-Normal Fading Channel", IEEE Photonics J. 11, 7105109 (2019). CrossRef

scholarly journals Mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser generation using hybrid ZnO/GO saturable absorber

2017 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 012046 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hassan ◽  
M. M. Ariannejad ◽  
R. Safaei ◽  
I. S. Amiri ◽  
H. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Laser Generation ◽  
Erbium Doped

Er-doped fibre laser mode-locked by mechanically exfoliated graphene saturable absorber

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sotor ◽  
G. Sobon ◽  
K. Abramski
Keyword(s):  
Saturable Absorber ◽  
Fibre Laser ◽  
Multilayer Graphene ◽  
Laser Mode ◽  
Graphite Block ◽  
Exfoliated Graphene ◽  
Pure Graphite ◽  
Erbium Doped ◽  
Graphene Saturable Absorber ◽  
Er Doped

AbstractErbium-doped fibre laser mode-locked by a graphene saturable absorber is presented. Pulses with 630-fs duration and 41.9-MHz repetition frequency were achieved at the centre wavelength of 1562 nm and 9-nm FWHM bandwidth. Multilayer graphene was obtained by mechanical exfoliation from a pure graphite block by using the scotch-tape method and deposited on a fibre ferrule to form a saturable absorber. The laser operated in a mode-locked regime with 37-mW pumping and 4-mW output power.

Application of Disk Aerators to Recarbonation of Alkaline Wastewater from Wet Gasification of Carbide

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gomólka ◽  
B. Gomólka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Content ◽  
Patent Claim ◽  
Phase Dispersion

Whenever possible, neutralization of alkaline wastewater should involve low-cost acid. It is conventional to make use of carbonic acid produced via the reaction of carbon dioxide (contained in flue gases) with water according to the following equation: Carbon dioxide content in the flue gas stream varies from 10% to 15%. The flue gas stream may either be passed to the wastewater contained in the recarbonizers, or. enter the scrubbers (which are continually sprayed with wastewater) from the bottom in oountercurrent. The reactors, in which recarbonation occurs, have the ability to expand the contact surface between gaseous and liquid phase. This can be achieved by gas phase dispersion in the liquid phase (bubbling), by liquid phase dispersion in the gas phase (spraying), or by bubbling and spraying, and mixing. These concurrent operations are carried out during motion of the disk aerator (which is a patent claim). The authors describe the functioning of the disk aerator, the composition of the wastewater produced during wet gasification of carbide, the chemistry of recarbonation and decarbonation, and the concept of applying the disk aerator so as to make the wastewater fit for reuse (after suitable neutralization) as feeding water in acetylene generators.

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