scholarly journals Thermodynamic Research on the Precipitation of Ti2O3, TiN and TiC in Continuous Casting of Titanium Microalloyed Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 2076 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
Tengfei Zhao ◽  
Xiang Zheng ◽  
Dongjian Huang ◽  
Zhenghai Zhu ◽  
Zhihong Yin
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Microalloyed Steel ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
C And N ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract The composite precipitation of Ti2O3 + TiN during continuous casting has an important influence on the microstructure and properties of the slab. In order to study the precipitation conditions of Ti2O3, TiN and TiC second phase in titanium microalloyed steel, the solid-liquid phase line temperature, the initial precipitation temperature of different second phase, the equilibrium and actual solubility product of Ti2O3, TiN and TiC at different temperatures are calculated, and the precipitation rules of titanium microalloyed steel in liquid steel and two-phase region are analyzed. The results show that: Ti2O3 and TiN can precipitate in molten steel, and the precipitation order of Ti2O3 is prior to that of TiN, while TiC does not precipitate. Due to the enrichment of Ti, O, C and N in the liquid phase during solidification, the equilibrium precipitation conditions of Ti2O3 and TiN are reached when the temperature is lower than 1469°C of the liquidus, and the precipitation begins at the initial stage of solidification. When the temperature in the two-phase region is lower than 1332°C, the precipitation of TiC begins.

Nonuniform distribution of second phase particles in melt-textured Y–Ba–Cu–O oxide with metal oxide (CeO2, SnO2, and ZrO2) addition

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1605-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan-Joong Kim ◽  
Ki-Baik Kim ◽  
Gye-Won Hong ◽  
Ho-Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Second Phase Particles ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

Segregation of second-phase particles within Y1Ba2Cu3O7−y domain was investigated in melt-textured Y-Ba-Cu-O with metal oxide (CeO2, SnO2, and ZrO2) addition. It is found that coarse particles (Y2Ba1Cu1O5) are trapped with a special pattern in the interior of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−y domain, while fine BaCeO3 and BaSnO3 particles are present within the remnant liquid-phase region. During the growth of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−y domain, fine particles appear to be pushed out of the advancing Y1Ba2Cu3O7−y /liquid interface toward the liquid phase. The particle segregation that occurred during peritectic growth of the Y1Ba2Cu3O7−y domain was explained in terms of the Uhlmann-Chalmers-Jackson theory based on the particle interaction at solid/liquid interface.

scholarly journals Thermodynamics and Machine Learning Based Approaches for Vapor–Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibria in n-Octane/Water, as a Naphtha–Water Surrogate in Water Blends

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Sandra Lopez-Zamora ◽  
Jeonghoon Kong ◽  
Salvador Escobedo ◽  
Hugo de Lasa
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Aspen Plus ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Liquid Vapor ◽  
Vapor Liquid

The prediction of phase equilibria for hydrocarbon/water blends in separators, is a subject of considerable importance for chemical processes. Despite its relevance, there are still pending questions. Among them, is the prediction of the correct number of phases. While a stability analysis using the Gibbs Free Energy of mixing and the NRTL model, provide a good understanding with calculation issues, when using HYSYS V9 and Aspen Plus V9 software, this shows that significant phase equilibrium uncertainties still exist. To clarify these matters, n-octane and water blends, are good surrogates of naphtha/water mixtures. Runs were developed in a CREC vapor–liquid (VL_ Cell operated with octane–water mixtures under dynamic conditions and used to establish the two-phase (liquid–vapor) and three phase (liquid–liquid–vapor) domains. Results obtained demonstrate that the two phase region (full solubility in the liquid phase) of n-octane in water at 100 °C is in the 10-4 mol fraction range, and it is larger than the 10-5 mol fraction predicted by Aspen Plus and the 10-7 mol fraction reported in the technical literature. Furthermore, and to provide an effective and accurate method for predicting the number of phases, a machine learning (ML) technique was implemented and successfully demonstrated, in the present study.

Hydrocyclone Two Phase Flow Experimental Research Based on Fluid Mechanics

2012 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Hui Xu ◽  
Xiao Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Input Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Output Flow ◽  
Input Pressure ◽  
Solid Liquid

The liquid phase experiment is finished ,and the relation curve of input- pressure and input-flow、output-flow、distributary rate are worked out.We are bout to calculate the production capacity and define the best distribution rate of the operation parameters.At the same time , the solid-liquid phase separating experiment are made too and we conclude the relation curve of input-pressure and consistency 、separating efficiency .Comparing with the numerical simulation ,the result is reasonable.

scholarly journals The Simulation of the Preparation of the Ingot With Liquid Core

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
yongqiang wu ◽  
Zhi-ren Sun ◽  
Kaikun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Deform 3D ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

Abstract During the preparation of the ingot with liquid core in the early stage, the finite element models of the solidification and the ultra-high temperature demoulding were established in DEFORM-3D. The thermophysical properties of ASSAB 718 with the variations of C, Mn and Cr were calculated in JMatPro®. The material database was imported into DEFORM-3D. Through the analysis of the finite element simulation results, we obtained the influence of three main elements C, Mn and Cr contents on the size of the solid-phase region, the liquid-phase region and the solid-liquid two-phase region in the ingot. We optimized the composition of the material to get a wide solid-liquid phase range. The high carbon, the medium manganese and the high chromium contents were beneficial to form the liquid core. Based on the method of the solidification time, the algorithm was programmed by the python language. We analyzed the influence of the three elements C, Mn, and Cr on the concentration distribution based on the temperature field data, which were obtained by DEFORM-2D after the solidification and the ultra-high temperature demoulding. According to the simulation results, we found that the region prone to negative segregation.

scholarly journals Prediction of the Adaptability of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E to a Second Phase of a Solvent for Economically Sound Two-Phase Biotransformations

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 6606-6612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grit Neumann ◽  
Nadja Kabelitz ◽  
Andreas Zehnsdorf ◽  
Anja Miltner ◽  
Holger Lippold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Log P ◽  
P Value ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Solvent Tolerant ◽  
Membrane Concentration

ABSTRACT The strain Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E was tested for its ability to tolerate second phases of different alkanols for their use as solvents in two-liquid-phase biotransformations. Although 1-decanol showed an about 10-fold higher toxicity to the cells than 1-octanol, the cells were able to adapt completely to 1-decanol only and could not be adapted in order to grow stably in the presence of a second phase of 1-octanol. The main explanation for this observation can be seen in the higher water and membrane solubility of 1-octanol. The hydrophobicity (log P) of a substance correlates with a certain partitioning of that compound into the membrane. Combining the log P value with the water solubility, the maximum membrane concentration of a compound can be calculated. With this simple calculation, it is possible to predict the property of an organic chemical for its potential applicability as a solvent for two-liquid-phase biotransformations with solvent-tolerant P. putida strains. Only compounds that show a maximum membrane concentration of less than 400 mM, such as 1-decanol, seem to be tolerated by these bacterial strains when applied in supersaturating concentrations to the medium. Taking into consideration that a solvent for a two-liquid-phase system should possess partitioning properties for potential substrates and products of a fine chemical synthesis, it can be seen that 1-decanol is a suitable solvent for such biotransformation processes. This was also demonstrated in shake cultures, where increasing amounts of a second phase of 1-decanol led to bacteria tolerating higher concentrations of the model substrate 3-nitrotoluene. Transferring this example to a 5-liter-scale bioreactor with 10% (vol/vol) 1-decanol, the amount of 3-nitrotoluene tolerated by the cells is up to 200-fold higher than in pure aqueous medium. The system demonstrates the usefulness of two-phase biotransformations utilizing solvent-tolerant bacteria.

Evolution Characteristics of Primary Phase in A356 Al Alloy during Isothermal Holding in Solid-Liquid Phase Region

2011 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Kai Cao ◽  
Hong Biao Xu ◽  
Mei Yan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Isothermal Holding ◽  
A356 Alloy ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Evolution Characteristics ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Holding Temperature

Evolution characteristics of primary phase in A356 alloy at the different isothermal holding temperatures and time were investigated. The results showed that there were the effects of the isothermal holding temperature and time on the evolution of primary phase, and microstructure changed from dendritic-like to rosette-like, and then to particle- or globular-like with the decrease of holding temperature. The suitable technology in the test was obtained, in which when being held at 600°C for 5min, the roundness and size of primary became better.

scholarly journals Roles of the semisolid heating on the microstructure of a hypereutectic Al–Fe–Cu alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Liquid Region ◽  
Cu Alloy ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Coarsening Kinetics ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Solid Liquid

AbstractA hypereutectic Al–Fe–Cu alloy with a high-volume fraction ferro-aluminum second phase (AlFe phases for short) was reheated in the solid–liquid region and the microstructure evolution was investigated. During semisolid heating, the high-melting AlFe phases in the Al–Fe–Cu alloy were demonstrated to stunt the grain growth and to block the liquid coalescing and the solid moving. Consequently, the grain sizes in the alloy increased rapidly and then slowly with increasing holding time, and the grains increased gradually with increasing temperature. Smaller grain grew into the large grain but it did not continually grow into the larger grain with increasing temperature or holding time. The shape factor (SF) of the alloy increased gradually and then decreased quickly with increasing temperature or holding time. The major alloying elements in addition to magnesium in the hypereutectic Al–Fe–Cu alloy were finally enriched at the grain boundaries or around the AlFe phases. Besides dissolving in the grains or AlFe phases, copper also diffused between the grains or around AlFe phases, resulting in the formation of diverse Cu-enriched zones. Cu constituents in the inter-grains are outnumbered in the intra-grains. The coarsening kinetics of the alloy was controlled by grain boundary diffusion. The coarsening rate constants K in the initial stage of heating (5–20 min) were several times larger than that in the later stage of heating (20–60 min), indicating the blocking effect of AlFe phases on coarsened grain being obvious.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Methyl 4,6-Di-O-ethyl-α-d-glucopyranoside-Based Azacrown Ethers and Their Effects in Asymmetric Reactions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4668
Author(s):  
István Orbán ◽  
Bertalan Varga ◽  
Péter Bagi ◽  
László Hegedűs ◽  
Péter Bakó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Crown Ethers ◽  
Asymmetric Induction ◽  
Crown Compounds ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Azacrown Ethers ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Darzens Condensation ◽  
Solid Liquid

Carbohydrate-based crown ethers have been reported to be able to generate asymmetric induction in certain reactions. Previously, it was proved that the monosaccharide unit, the anomeric substituent, and the sidearm could influence the catalytic activity of the monoaza-15-crown-5 macrocycles derived from sugars. In order to gain information about the effect of the flexibility, 4,6-di-O-ethyl-glucoside-based crown compounds were synthesized, and their efficiency was compared to the 4,6-O-benzylidene analogues. It was found that the absence of the two-ring annulation has a negative effect on the enantioselectivity in liquid-liquid two-phase reactions: in the Darzens condensation of 2-chloroacetophenone and in the epoxidation of chalcone. The same trend was observed in the solid-liquid phase Michael addition of diethyl acetamidomalonate. Surprisingly, in the solid-liquid phase cyclopropanation of benzylidenemalononitrile, one of the new catalysts was highly enantioselective (99% ee).

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