scholarly journals Traffic interception in fiber optical video-systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012150
Author(s):  
Yu E Krivenko ◽  
E I Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Additional Noise ◽  
Optical Communication Systems ◽  
Video Systems ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Abstract In fiber-optic video systems, as well as in optical communication systems, standard single mode optical fibers (SSMF, standard G.652) are usually used. One of the advantages of these fibers is the ability to use CWDM in a wide spectrum. At the same time, more optimal near the wave-length of 1550 nm are provided by non-zero dispersion fiber (NZDSF, standard G.655) fibers. However, as studies have shown, these optical fibers have an increased sensitivity to bending. This fact can be used to traffic interception. It is shown that fiber-optics systems with SSMF have more protection from traffic interception than systems with NZDSF. To transmit a high-confidentiality video signal, special techniques, such as frequency modulation, can be used, or additional noise signals can be added.

scholarly journals Correlation and Power Distribution of Intercore Crosstalk Field Components of Polarization-Coupled Weakly Coupled Single-Mode Multicore Fibres

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
José A. P. Morgado ◽  
Adolfo V. T. Cartaxo
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Coupled Mode ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Communication Systems ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Linear Propagation

The correlation and power distribution of intercore crosstalk (ICXT) field components of weakly coupled multicore fibers (WC-MCFs) are important properties that determine the statistics of the ICXT and ultimately impact the performance of WC-MCF optical communication systems. Using intensive numerical simulation of the coupled mode equations describing ICXT of a single-mode WC-MCF with intracore birefringence and linear propagation, we assess the mean, correlation, and power distribution of the four ICXT field components of unmodulated polarization-coupled homogeneous and quasi-homogeneous WC-MCFs with a single interfering core in a wide range of birefringence conditions and power distribution among the field components at the interfering core input. It is shown that, for homogeneous and quasi-homogeneous WC-MCFs, zero mean uncorrelated ICXT field components with similar power levels are observed for birefringence correlation length and birefringence beat length in the ranges of 0.5m,10m and 0.1m,10m, respectively, regardless of the distribution of power between the four field components at the interfering core input.

scholarly journals Analysis of Curvature in Fiber Optic Cable for Macrobending-Based Slope Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Imam Mulyanto
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Laser Intensity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Fiber Optic Cable ◽  
Power Meter ◽  
Working Principle

The analysis of fiber optics for macro bending-based slope sensors using SMF-28 single-mode optical fibers has been successfully conducted. Fiber optics were treated to silicon rubber molding and connected with laser light and power meters to measure the intensity of laser power generated. The working principle was carried out using the macrobending phenomenon on single-mode optical fibers. The intensity of laser light in fiber optic cables decreases in the event of indentation or bending of the fiber optic cable. Power losses resulting from the macrobending process can be seen in the result of the information sensitivity of fiber optics to the change of angle given. From the results of the study, the resulting fiber optic sensitivity value is -0.1534o/dBm. The larger the angle given, the lower the laser intensity received by the power meter.

scholarly journals PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBRES DESIGN USING A MULTICRITERIA BASED SOFTWARE

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sassi ◽  
N. Belacel ◽  
Y. Bouslimani ◽  
H. Hamam
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Inductive Learning ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Optical Propagation ◽  
Multicriteria Method ◽  
Crystal Fibers ◽  
Physical Phenomena

The single-mode optical fiber used currently in communication systems starts showing many limitations especially for the high rates. Several physical phenomena related to the optical propagation are the cause of these limitations. The use of photonic crystal fibers (PCF) makes it possible to control most of these phenomena. In this paper, a multicriteria method is used for the design of the photonic crystal fiber with the user-defined optical proprieties. This method combines the deductive and the inductive learning and it is introduced for the first time in the field of optical fibers. This multicriteria method proves to be a powerful tool for the PCF fibers design.

High-power InGaAsP edge-emitting LEDs for single-mode optical communication systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 730 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Olshansky ◽  
D. Fye ◽  
J. Manning ◽  
M. Stern ◽  
E. Meland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Communication ◽  
High Power ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Communication Systems

scholarly journals Laser-Induced Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes in Fiber Optic Tips of MMI Devices

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natanael Cuando-Espitia ◽  
Juan Bernal-Martínez ◽  
Miguel Torres-Cisneros ◽  
Daniel May-Arrioja
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Liquid Solution ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Methanol Solutions ◽  
Polymer Dispersant

The integration of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into optical fibers allows the application of their unique properties in robust and versatile devices. Here, we present a laser-induced technique to obtain the deposition of CNTs onto the fiber optics tips of multimode interference (MMI) devices. An MMI device is constructed by splicing a section of no-core fiber (NCF) to a single-mode fiber (SMF). The tip of the MMI device is immersed into a liquid solution of CNTs and laser light is launched into the MMI device. CNTs solutions using water and methanol as solvents were tested. In addition, the use of a polymer dispersant polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the CNTs solutions was also studied. We found that the laser-induced deposition of CNTs performed in water-based solutions generates non-uniform deposits. On the other hand, the laser-induced deposition performed with methanol solutions generates uniform deposits over the fiber tip when no PVP is used and deposition at the center of the fiber when PVP is present in the CNTs solution. The results show the crucial role of the solvent on the spatial features of the laser-induced deposition process. Finally, we register and study the reflection spectra of the as-fabricated CNTs deposited MMI devices.

scholarly journals A tutorial on fiber Kerr nonlinearity effect and its compensation in optical communication systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Communication ◽  
Kerr Effect ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Pulse Propagation ◽  
Kerr Nonlinearity ◽  
Nonlinearity Compensation ◽  
Optical Communication Systems ◽  
Nonlinearity Effect

Abstract The advent of silica-based low-cost standard single-mode fibers revolutionized the whole communication industry. The deployment of optical fibers in the networks induces a paradigm shift in the communication technologies used for long-haul information transfer. However, the communication using the optical fibers is affected by several linear and nonlinear effects. The most common linear effects are attenuation and chromatic dispersion, whereas the dominant nonlinear effect is the Kerr effect. The Kerr effect induces a power-dependent nonlinear distortion for the signal propagating in the optical fiber. The detrimental effects of the Kerr nonlinearity limit the capacity of long-haul optical communication systems. Fiber Kerr nonlinearity compensation using digital signal processing (DSP) techniques has been well investigated over several years. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive tutorial, including the fundamental mathematical analysis, on the characteristics of the optical fiber channel, the origin of the Kerr nonlinearity effect, the theory of the pulse propagation in the optical fiber, and the numerical and analytical tools for solving the pulse propagation equation. In addition, we provide a concise review of various DSP techniques for fiber nonlinearity compensation, such as digital back-propagation, Volterra series-based nonlinearity equalization, perturbation theory-based nonlinearity compensation, and phase conjugation. We also carry out numerical simulation and the complexity evaluation of the selected nonlinearity compensation techniques.

scholarly journals Optical Channel Selection Avoiding DIPP in DSB-RFoF Fronthaul Interface

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1554
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Zakrzewski
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Radio Signal ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Dispersion Compensation ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Channel Selection ◽  
Optical Channel

The paper presents a method of selecting an optical channel for transporting the double-sideband radio-frequency-over-fiber (DSB-RFoF) radio signal over the optical fronthaul path, avoiding the dispersion-induced power penalty (DIPP) phenomenon. The presented method complements the possibilities of a short-range optical network working in the flexible dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) format, where chromatic dispersion compensation is not applied. As part of the study, calculations were made that indicate the limitations of the proposed method and allow for the development of an algorithm for effective optical channel selection in the presence of the DIPP phenomenon experienced in the optical link working in the intensity modulation–direct detection (IM-DD) technique. Calculations were made for three types of single-mode optical fibers and for selected microwave radio carriers that are used in current systems or will be used in next-generation wireless communication systems. In order to verify the calculations and theoretical considerations, a computer simulation was performed for two types of optical fibers and for two selected radio carriers. In the modulated radio signal, the cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) format and the 5G numerology were used.

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