scholarly journals Comparative Efficiency Evaluation of Hydrogen Energy Complexes Based on Reversible Fuel Cells and Hydrogen-Thermal Storage When Combined with Nuclear Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012083
Author(s):  
A N Egorov ◽  
A N Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Comparative Efficiency

Abstract This work evaluates the technical and economic efficiency of combining NPPs with a system based on reversible fuel cells (RFC) in comparison with the well-known approach of hydrogen-thermal accumulation (HTA) using an additional low-power steam turbine unit. One of the main advantages of RFC is its ability to alternately operate both in the electrolysis mode in order to accumulate off-peak electricity, and in the fuel cell mode to generate peak electricity without converting hydrogen fuel energy into thermal or mechanical energy. The authors developed a schematic diagram and methodology for assessing efficiency of using RFC at NPPs. The calculations have shown that at the present stage of technology development, the use of RFC is less effective in comparison with the system based on HTA. At the same time, until 2035the advantage of the HTA will grow from 9.68%, excluding the economic effect from preventing unloading of the NPP, up to 25.31% in the current scenario, taking into account the economic effect from preventing unloading of the NPP. The target level of base specific capital investments in the proposed RFC system (units with a unit capacity of 250 kW) has been determined, providing equal technical and economic efficiency in comparison with HTA, which amounted to 1079-1134 $/kW

Evaluation of System Effectiveness of Multifunctional Hydrogen Complex at Nuclear Power Plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
R. Z. Aminov ◽  
A. N. Bayramov ◽  
M. V. Garievskii
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Current Frequency ◽  
Main Equipment ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control

The paper gives the analysis of the problem of the primary current frequency regulation in the power system, as well as the basic requirements for NPP power units under the conditions of involvement in the primary regulation. According to these requirements, the operation of NPPs is associated with unloading and a corresponding decrease in efficiency. In this regard, the combination of nuclear power plants with a hydrogen complex is shown to eliminate the inefficient discharge mode which allows the steam turbine equipment and equipment of the reactor facility to operate in the basic mode at the nominal power level. In addition, conditions are created for the generation and accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen during the day, as well as additionally during the nighttime failure of the electrical load which allows them to be used to generate peak power.  The purpose of the article is to assess the systemic economic effect as a result of the participation of nuclear power plants in combination with the hydrogen complex in the primary control of the current frequency in the power sys-tem, taking into account the resource costs of the main equipment. In this regard, the paper gives the justification of cyclic loading of the main equipment of the hydrogen complex: metal storage tanks of hydrogen and oxygen, compressor units, hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber of vapor-hydrogen overheating of the working fluid in the steam turbine cycle of a nuclear power plant. The methodological foundations for evaluating the working life of equipment under cyclic loading with the participation in the primary frequency control by the criterion of the growth rate of a fatigue crack are described. For the equipment of the hydrogen complex, the highest intensity of loading is shown to occur in the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber due to high thermal stresses.  The system economic effect is estimated and the effect of wear of the main equipment under cyclic loading is shown. Under the conditions of combining NPP power units with a hydrogen complex, the efficiency of primary reg-ulation is shown to depend significantly on: the cost of equipment subjected to cyclic loading; frequency and intensity of cyclic loading; the ratio of the tariff for peak electricity, and the cost of electricity of nuclear power plants.  Based on the developed methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the participation of nuclear power plants with a hydrogen complex in the primary frequency control, taking into account the damage to the equipment, the use of the hydrogen complex is shown to provide a tangible economic effect compared with the option of unloading nuclear power plants with direct participation in frequency control.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
E. V. YANUSIK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Energy Consumption

The article discusses the main prerequisites for the development of nuclear energy in the global econo-my, also defines nuclear energy and discusses the structure of global energy consumption. The article proves that the crucial prerequisite for the development of nuclear energy in the world market is the economic efficiency of nuclear power plants.

scholarly journals Stochastic Optimization for Long Term Capital Structures, Systems, and Components Refurbishment and Replacement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congjian Wang ◽  
Diego Mandelli ◽  
Shawn St Germain ◽  
Curtis Smith ◽  
David Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Optimization ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Priority List ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Plant Operations ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
Returns On Investment

Abstract As commercial nuclear power plants (NPPs) pursue extended plant operations in the form of Second License Renewals (SLRs), opportunities exist for these plants to provide capital investments to ensure long-term, safe, and economic performance. Several utilities have already announced their intention to pursue extended operations for one or more of their NPPs via SLR2. The goal of this research is to develop a risk-informed approach to evaluate and prioritize plant capital investments made in preparation for, and during the period of, extended plant operations to support decisions in NPP operations. In order to prioritize project selection via a risk-informed approach we developed a single decision-making tool that integrates safety/reliability, cost, and stochastic optimization models to provide users with data analysis capabilities to more cost effectively manage plant assets. Both stochastic analysis methods — such as Monte Carlo-based sampling strategies — and multi-stage stochastic optimization strategies are employed to provide priority lists to decision-makers in support of risk-informed decisions. We applied the proposed method to a trial application of projected replacement/refurbishment expenditures for plant capital assets (i.e., structures, systems, and components [SSCs]). The objective is to optimize the SSC replacement/refurbishment schedule in terms of economic constraints, data uncertainties, and SSC reliability data, as well to generate a priority list for maximizing returns on investment.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Analysis of Method-Based Operating Event Groups Ranking

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdenko Šimić ◽  
Benoit Zerger ◽  
Reni Banov
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Hierarchy Process ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Uncertainty Assessment ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Safe operation and industrial improvements are coming from the technology development and operational experience (OE) feedback. A long life span for many industrial facilities makes OE very important. Proper assessment and understanding of OE remains a challenge because of organization system relations, complexity, and number of OE events acquired. One way to improve OE events understanding is to focus their investigation and analyze in detail the most important. The OE ranking method is developed to select the most important events based on the basic event parameters and the analytical hierarchy process applied at the level of event groups. This paper investigates further how uncertainty in the model affects ranking results. An analysis was performed on the set of the two databases from the 20 years of nuclear power plants in France and Germany. From all uncertainties the presented analysis selected ranking indexes as the most relevant for consideration. Here the presented analysis of uncertainty clearly shows that considering uncertainty is important for all results, especially for event groups ranked closely and next to the most important one. Together with the previously performed sensitivity analysis, uncertainty assessment provides additional insights and a better judgment of the event groups’ importance in further detailed investigation.

scholarly journals Methodological approach to development and implementation of the Small Nuclear Power Plants program

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Victor Semenov ◽  
Tatiana Shchepetina ◽  
Vladimir Polevanov ◽  
Yuri Savchenko ◽  
Sergei Popov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Personnel Training

The article considers perspectives and institutions for innovative nuclear energy subsector – a small and medium-sized nuclear power plants (SNP). The features of the technologies, prospective sites for their introduction, topics for priority research work, as well as mechanisms for the creation of a new sub-sector of nuclear energy are briefly discussed. The advantages and opportunities of such approach to the energy supply of autonomous and isolated consumers located primarily in remote areas and in the Arctic are indicated. Special attention is paid to the problems of technological and operational safety, economic efficiency, and personnel training. The methodological framework provides a brief integrated description of the possibilities provided by dual-use technologies in solving national economic issues; a list of priority research areas to clarify assessments of the financial and economic efficiency of the SNP subsystem within the Russian nuclear energy industry; as well as proposals for personnel training to ensure a trouble-free and efficient Program implementation process.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS OF HYDROGEN USE IN INDUSTRIAL COMBUSTION PROCESSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
O.I. Sigal ◽  
N.A. Nizhnik
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
No Oxidation ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
Oxidation Of No

The state of the energy complex of Ukraine and its ecological component is consideredin this paper. Data on the prospects for the production of "green hydrogen" due to the use of excess maneuvering capacity of "green energy" and the problems associated with it presented. The issues related to the extension of the service life of Ukrainian nuclear power plants is described. Prospects for the use of hydrogen in industrial combustion processes, rather than as a process gas, are considered. Original experimental data on the combustion of natural gas with impurities of different hydrogen concentrations are presented. Data were obtained on the effect of oxidant content on the formation of nitrogen oxides in the flame front of the laminar torch.Influence of the solutions containing hydrogen on process of nitrogen oxides formation and additional oxidation of NO in NO2 in combustion processes is studied and results are presented. The most favorable conditions (concentration of hydrogen solution content and temperature regime) of NO oxidation in NO2 are determined. Recommendations on the main directions of development of hydrogen energy of Ukraine are given. The need to determine the optimal proportion of hydrogen that may be present in the gas transmission system of Ukraine is emphasized.

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of the introduction by precision technological line for the separation of sunflower seed

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Aliiev, Elchin Bakhtiyar ogli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Technological Line ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Testing Stage ◽  
Seed Mixture

Purpose. Determine the economic efficiency of the developed precision technological line for the separation sunflower seed during the breeding process. Methods. Calculations are made by the method economic evaluation of equipment at the testing stage, which is the industry standard of Ukraine – DSTU 4397-2005 and GSTU 3-37-4-94. A simple interlinear hybrid was selected as the object economic evaluation the separation of seed mixture during the selection and seed-growing process. The priority selection is the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS. The rational precision technological line developed for the separation of sunflower seed material was compared with the traditional one based on the results of theoretical and experimental researches. Results. Based on the requirements the accuracy technological processes of cleaning and separation seed mixture, a rational technological line has been developed for the processes separation of seed material sunflower for pre-sample and basic seed production. Calculations show that the proposed rational technological line for the separation of sunflower seed material has higher capital investments (30%) and in accordance with this the costs for depreciation, repairs and maintenance – 34.4%, but lower energy costs – 12.7%, labor costs – 61.1%. In addition, the proposed line compared to the traditional provides an additional economic effect – 8.6%, which is achieved by preventing the loss liquid seed in the process separation of seed mixture. Conclusions. The specific economic effect from the breeding ground the parent components of the sunflower hybrid. Priority (0.5 hectares), subject to the cost of the seed F1 obtained (80000 UAH/t) is 6906.77 UAH/t. At the same time, the payback period for additional investments is 2.12 years. Keywords: sunflower, hybrid, seed, separation, precision processing line, evaluation, economic efficiency.

HYDROGEN-OXYGEN STEAM GENERATOR FOR A CLOSED HYDROGEN COMBUSTION CYCLE

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
R. Z. Aminov ◽  
A. N. Egorov
Keyword(s):  
Steam Generator ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Steam Turbine Plant ◽  
Oxygen Medium

The paper analyzes the problems of combustion hydrogen in an oxygen medium for produce high-temperature steam that can be used to produce electricity at various power plants. For example, at the nuclear power plants, the use of a H2-O2 steam generator as part of a hydrogen energy complex makes it possible to increase its power and efficiency in the operational mode due to steam-hydrogen overheating of the main working fluid of a steam-turbine plant. In addition, the use of the hydrogen energy complex makes it possible to adapt the nuclear power plants to variable electric load schedules in conditions of increasing the share of nuclear power plants and to develop environmentally friendly technologies for the production of electricity. The paper considers a new solution of the problem of effective and safe use of hydrogen energy at NPPs with a hydrogen energy complex.Technical solutions for the combustion of hydrogen in the oxygen medium using direct injection of cooling water or steam in the combustion products have a significant drawback – the effect of “quenching” when injecting water or water vapor which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of recombination during cooling of combustion products that is expressed in an increase fraction of non-condensable gases. In this case, the supply of such a mixture to the steam cycle is unsafe, because this can lead to a dangerous increase in the concentration of unburned hydrogen in the flowing part of the steam turbine plant. In order to solve this problem, the authors have proposed a closed hydrogen cycle and a hydrogen vapor overheating system based on it, and carried out a study of a closed hydrogen combustion system which completely eliminates hydrogen from entering the working fluid of the steam cycle and ensures its complete oxidation due to some excess of circulating oxygen.The paper considers two types of hydrogen-oxygen combustion chambers for the system of safe generating of superheated steam using hydrogen in nuclear power plant cycle by using a closed system for burning hydrogen in an oxygen medium. As a result of mathematical modeling of combustion processes and heat and mass transfer, we have determined the required parameters of a hydrogen-oxygen steam generator taking into account the temperature regime of its operation, and a power range of hydrogen-oxygen steam generators with the proposed combustion chamber design.

Economic efficiency of new-generation nuclear power plants

Atomic Energy ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Afanas'ev ◽  
L. A. Bol'shov ◽  
A. N. Karkhov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
New Generation
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