scholarly journals Capillary-gravitational waves and storage of liquid CO2 in the oceans

2021 ◽  
Vol 2119 (1) ◽  
pp. 012057
Author(s):  
O G Derzho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Transition Region ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Wave Disturbances ◽  
Liquid Co2 ◽  
And Storage

Abstract A theory of capillary-gravitational waves in the transition region between seawater and liquid carbon dioxide in deep oceans is proposed. It is shown that the thickness of the transition layer affects the properties of capillary-gravity waves. The question of the structure and stability of wave disturbances at the interface between seawater and liquefied carbon dioxide is essential for the safe storage of liquefied carbon dioxide in the ocean. This is an important issue on the current agenda in light of global warming.

scholarly journals Building an open network for CO2 transport and storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Ollerhead ◽  
◽  
Evren Unsal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Maritime Transport ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Liquid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Safe Storage ◽  
Open Network ◽  
Co2 Transport ◽  
Storage Location ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Moving Liquid

Maritime transport is emerging as an essential link in the decarbonisation chain by moving liquid carbon dioxide from the source to a safe storage location.

A review on materials and processes for carbon dioxide separation and capture

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110509
Author(s):  
R Maniarasu ◽  
Sushil Kumar Rathore ◽  
S. Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Storage

In today’s world, owing to industrial expansion, urbanization, the rapid growth of the human population, and the high standard of living, the utilization of the most advanced technologies is unavoidable. The enhanced anthropogenic activities worldwide result in a continuous increase in global warming potential, thereby raising a global concern. The constant rise in global warming potential forces the world to mitigate greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is considered as the primary contributor responsible for global warming and climatic changes. The global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions released into the atmosphere can eventually deteriorate the environment and endanger the ecosystem. Combating global warming is one of the main challenges in achieving sustainable development. Carbon capture and storage is a potential solution to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. There are three main methods for carbon capture and storage: post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion. Among them, post-combustion is used in thermal power plants and industrial sectors, all of which contribute a significant amount of carbon dioxide. Different techniques such as physical and chemical absorption, physical and chemical adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation used for carbon capture are thoroughly discussed and presented. Currently, there are various materials including absorbents, adsorbents, and membranes used in carbon dioxide capture. Still, there is a search for new and novel materials and processes for separating and capturing carbon dioxide. This review article provides a comprehensive review of different methods, techniques, materials, and processes used for separating and capturing carbon dioxide from significant stationary point sources.

scholarly journals Combatting lime kiln ringing problems at the Arauco Constitución mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 345-354
Author(s):  
EDUARDO KEIM ◽  
JORGE ZUNIGA ◽  
HONGHI TRAN
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Refractory Brick ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Blasting Operation ◽  
Liquid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lime Kiln ◽  
Liquid Co2 ◽  
Ring Location ◽  
Optimum Depth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The lime kiln at the Arauco Constitución mill experienced severe ringing problems requiring it to be shut down for ring removal every 3 to 6 months. The mill controlled the problems by blasting ring deposits off during operation with its existing industrial shotgun and a newly installed Cardox liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) cartridge system. Various ring blasting procedures were tested to determine the optimum ring location and thickness to blast; the optimum depth to insert the CO2 cartridge into the kiln; and the most effective blasting frequency and sequence to employ. The best strategy was found to be the weekly blasting operation that alternated between the liquid CO2 cartridge and the industrial shotgun, with the CO2 cartridge inserted into the ring mass, 20 cm (8 in.) away from the refractory brick surface, and the shotgun aimed at rings at about 28 m (92 ft) from the kiln discharge end. With each blasting event removing considerably more rings than before, it takes a longer time for rings to rebuild, allowing the kiln to run continuously between annual maintenance shutdowns with only a few short (< 4 h) downtimes for ring removal. This substantially reduces the costs associated with ring removal and lime replacement during unscheduled shutdowns.

scholarly journals Financial precautions, carbon dioxide leakage, and the European Directive 2009/31/EC on carbon capture and storage (CCS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (2) ◽  
pp. 787-806
Author(s):  
Manuel Wifling
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
State Budget ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
European Directive ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Leakage ◽  
And Storage

AbstractThe phenomenon of anthropogenic climate change has been identified as a threat multiplier for many human-related concerns. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) can, in combination with several other mitigation technologies, alleviate global warming by reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Reducing climate change-related risks via CCS creates another risk, smaller in extent: the risk that some of the stored CO2 leaks out of the storage complex. This article reviews European legislation and evaluates how one of its objectives, that private liabilities of CCS-related leakage risks are not socialized, is ensured. Slight modifications of European legislation are suggested in order to prevent an indefinite liability of CCS operators in case a storage complex turns out to be unexpectedly and unavoidably prone to CO2 leakages. Official German and Hungarian financial precaution specifications are contrasted and related to this article’s finding that the state budget is sufficiently hedged against the expected value of climate-related leakage compensation costs of poorly managed storage complexes if 3 to 6% of a CCS operator’s emission-related revenues are diverted into a financial precaution fund.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Greek university students towards energy and the environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-865 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
University Students ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Technological Educational ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

<p>This paper summarises the results of a survey carried out amongst the student population of one of the largest Greek Technological Educational Institutes. It explores attitudes toward the environment in general and then, more specifically, toward global warming and global warming-mitigation technologies. It also explores student understanding of sources of carbon dioxide and climate change-mitigation technologies, such as carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). Further, it analyses responses to questions about willingness of respondents to pay to solve global warming. The data was collected in October and November of 2011 using a structured questionnaire which was first formulated in English and then translated into Greek. The analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS v17.0 and focused on descriptive statistics, in order to compare the average ratings for the different statements.</p> <div> <p>The present study concludes that university students in Greece are overwhelmingly positively disposed towards the environment with the majority of respondents believing that protecting the environment should have priority over economic considerations. Students also view the effects of global warming as serious enough to warrant action and state their belief that the current generation should meet its own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own. Moreover, the majority of the participants are against the development of nuclear energy, favoring RES (solar wind and bioenergy), and energy conservation technologies. However, the study has also identified a lack of understanding in regards to sources of carbon dioxide. The majority of the respondents do not seem to know that oceans act as sinks of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions or that the housing stock is a significant contributor to this problem.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Production of Carbon Dioxide Snow by Flash-Atomization for Material Cleaning Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 282-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Jun Shen ◽  
Tien Chu Lin ◽  
Muh Ron Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Liquid Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Co2 ◽  
Mass Flowrate

This paper investigates the production of CO2 snow by flash-atomization of liquid carbon dioxide for material cleaning process. The evolution of flash-atomization processes was recorded by means of high-speed shadowgraph. Results shows that the degree of superheat condition of liquid CO2 greatly influence the atomization modes, bobbles growth rate and concentration, and thus result in difference spray angle, spray pattern, and the structure of liquid jet which is suitable for different material cleaning applications. It is found that the spray angle first slowly increases with increase in the degree of superheat (ΔT) under external flash atomization processes. It is increased drastically as the spray transform from external-flashing to internal-flashing mode. Finally the spray angle is decreased again because of the decrease of mass flowrate due to the internal flashing processes . Moreover, the spray angle is increased as the length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) is increased. This is due to the higher bobble growth rate in terms of different pressure distribution and bobble growth time. It is also found that the external-flashing disappears at higher L/D because of the heat transfer to the liquid carbon dioxide. It is concluded that the superheated condition is useful in the control of the spray angle for material cleaning processes.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Fire Prevention with Liquid Carbon Dioxide and Application of Long-Distance Pressure-Holding Transportation Technology Based on Shallow Buried and Near-Horizontal Goaf Geological Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Naifu Cao ◽  
Yuntao Liang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Coal Oxidation ◽  
Liquid Carbon ◽  
Liquid Co2 ◽  
And Diffusion

Shallow burial, very close coal seam groups, and spontaneous combustion are typical characteristics of most coal seams in the Shendong mining area, China. With the continuous extension of the production level of various mines, some mining areas have gradually shown complex production conditions including multiple types of fire forms such as those in coal fields, small kilns, and multilayer mined-out and hidden high-temperature areas, resulting in fire control difficultly and posing threats to safety. With the aim of limiting the above problems, in this work, the liquid carbon dioxide fire prevention technology is focused on. Phase change and migration law of CO2 in the goaf are studied. Through the study on the influence of the use of liquid CO2 on the cooling law of high-temperature coal and on its spontaneous combustion characteristics and through thermal analysis experiments, it was observed that the porosity of loose coal has a significant impact on the cooling effect of carbon dioxide. Moreover, it was emphasized that the higher the CO2 concentration, the higher the rise in temperature of coal oxidation, and the increase of CO2 concentration was able to affect apparent activation of coal oxidation, leading to a theoretical basis to explain the effect of CO2 in inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion. The utilization of Fluent numerical modeling allowed us to simulate the diffusion radius of liquid CO2 injected into the goaf, to study the effective inerting radius of liquid CO2 on the left coal in the goaf. After comprehensive analysis of experiments and numerical simulations, appropriate equipment and process flow are selected and designed. Taking the Huojitujing well of Daliuta Coal Mine in Shendong mining area as the industrial test site, an intelligent pressure-holding transportation of liquid CO2 in the 1000 m transportation pipeline was developed. The surface liquid CO2 infusion capacity was 20 t/h, and the pressure-holding interval at the end of the transportation pipeline was determined to be 1.0–2.3 MPa. The maximum diffusion radius of the mined-out area is 300 m under the effect of positive air flow and self-expansion and diffusion of CO2 gas in the roadway. Under the influence of reverse wind flow and self-expansion and diffusion, the diffusion radius of the goaf is 150 m, and the maximum storage time of gaseous CO2 in the goaf is 27 h. Liquid CO2 was injected into the area with relevant presence of CO, an indicator of possible fires. Practice has proved that, after 65 hours and two perfusion processes, the CO concentration dropped from 790 ppm to 41 ppm, which indicates that liquid CO2 has a significant effect on fire prevention.

scholarly journals Technologies and Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Indri Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Porous Material ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Co2 Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Air Capture ◽  
And Storage

This paper was aims to review the technologies and materials for CO2 capture. Carbon dioxide is one of the triggers for the greenhouse effect and global warming. Some methods to reduce CO2 are separation technologies include air capture, CO2 Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) and CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) technology. CCS technology have several systems namely post-combution, pre-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion. Post-combution systems can be done in various systems including absorption, adsorption, membrane, and cryogenic. Adsorption proses for CO2 capture applied with porous material such us mesopore silica, zeolite, carbon, MOF dan COF. This review was described the advantages and disadvantages of each technology for CO2 capture. Materials for CO2 adsorption also descibed in this review.

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