scholarly journals Simulation of inference test performance for minimum inhibitory concentration censored data

2022 ◽  
Vol 2153 (1) ◽  
pp. 012013
Author(s):  
H A Torres-Mantilla ◽  
L Cuesta-Herrera ◽  
J E Andrades-Grassi ◽  
G Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Censored Data ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Exact Probability ◽  
Metric Distance

Abstract The estimation of the minimum inhibitory concentration is usually performed by a method of serial dilutions by a factor of 2, introducing the overestimation of antimicrobial efficacy, quantified by a simulation model that shows that the variability of the bias is higher for the standard deviation, being dependent on the metric distance to the values of the concentrations used. We use a methodological approach through modeling and simulation for the measurement error of physical variables with censored information, proposing a new inference method based on the calculation of the exact probability for the set of possible samples from nmeasurements that allows quantifying the p-value in one or two independent sample tests for the comparison of censored data means. Tests based on exact probability methods offer a reasonable solution for small sample sizes, with statistical power varying according to the hypothesis evaluated, providing insight into the limitations of censored data analysis and providing a tool for decision making in the diagnosis of antimicrobial efficacy.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cinnamon Bark Oil on Lactobacillus acidophilus and its Effect on Compressive Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Sheetal Bhanushali
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Glass Ionomer Cement ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Liquid Component ◽  
Cinnamon Bark ◽  
Ionomer Cement

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cinnamon bark oil against Lactobacillus acidophilus and incorporate it in the liquid component of glass ionomer cement (GIC) followed by determination of its effect on the compressive strength. Materials and methods Antibacterial effect of various concentrations of cinnamon bark oil was evaluated using broth microdilution method with 96-well tissue culture plate. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the cinnamon bark oil against L. acidophilus was determined and that concentration was then incorporated into the liquid component of the GIC, and its compressive strength was evaluated. For compressive strength testing, teflon mold of 4 mm diameter and 6 mm height was used for the preparation of samples. The prepared specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours in an incubator. After 24 hours, the samples were subjected to the universal testing machine at a speed of 1 mm/minute for compressive strength evaluation. The maximum load required to fracture the specimen was recorded. Results A volume of 20 ìL/mL was found to be the MIC of the cinnamon bark oil against L. acidophilus. The mean compressive strengths of conventional and cinnamon bark oil-incorporated GIC revealed no significant difference. Conclusion Cinnamon bark oil has antibacterial property against L. acidophilus. Incorporation of 2% v/v cinnamon bark oil did not adversely affect the compressive strength of GIC. Clinical significance By incorporating this bacteriostatic agent to GIC, the progress of caries and failure of restorations can be prevented by inhibiting the growth of L. acidophilus. Clinically, it can be used in cases of deep dentinal caries, early childhood caries, rampant caries, and patients with high caries index. How to cite this article Bhanushali S, Srilatha KT, Girish MS. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cinnamon Bark Oil on Lactobacillus acidophilus and its Effect on Compressive Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement. World J Dent 2017;8(3):164-170.

scholarly journals Preservative Efficacy of Illicium verum Hook in Fruit Juices

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-270
Author(s):  
Romika Dhiman ◽  
Neeraj Kumar Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Essential Nutrients ◽  
Solvent Extract ◽  
Illicium Verum

Fruit juices contain all essential nutrients that help in maintaining the health of human beings. However, fruit juices are easily spoiled by the growth of microorganism. Hence, the current investigation has been focused to examine the preservative potential of Illicium verum against microorganisms isolated from juices. Organic and aqueous extracts of I. verum fruits were accessed for their antimicrobial efficacy and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against selected microbes. Among the different solvents, acetonic extract was observed to be the most excellent solvent extract and the least MIC was 0.39 mg/ml. Hence, acetonic extract of I. verum has a biopreservative efficacy.

Depressive Traits and Theory of Mind in Healthy Individuals: A Mediation Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas James Rowark
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Prepotent Response

Depression has been associated with poor social cognitive functioning, including impaired performance on measures of theory of mind. However, the association between depression and theory of mind performance has been removed when controlling for differences in executive functioning, which is also impacted by depression. Among these executive functions, inhibition of prepotent response has been demonstrated as enabling success on theory of mind tests. In the context of these findings, the current investigation tested whether a relationship could be found between depressive traits and theory of mind in a non-clinical sample, and whether this relationship was mediated by differences in executive control of inhibition. Theory of mind was assessed in 31 healthy individuals using an audio-presented false-belief reasoning task, which also tested baseline performance in non-mental-state reasoning. Inhibition of prepotent response was assessed with interference measures on a Stroop colour-word task, and depressive traits were self-reported through the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory. Mediation analysis revealed that executive control of inhibition did not significantly mediate an indirect effect of depressive traits on theory of mind. It was interpreted that relationships previously found between major depression, executive and social-cognitive functions do not generalise beyond clinical boundaries. However, these findings are discussed in terms of the small sample size, limiting statistical power, and several methodological limitations. Future research should assess the relationship between depressive traits and theory of mind using alternative measures of mental representation, or include a neurocognitive battery assessing executive functions other than inhibition.

Green and Simple Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Aqueous Extract of Perovskia abrotanoides: Characterization, Optimization and Antimicrobial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1129-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Mirsadeghi ◽  
Masoumeh F. Koudehi ◽  
Hamid R. Rajabi ◽  
Seied M. Pourmortazavi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Silver Nps ◽  
Perovskia Abrotanoides

Background: Herein, we report the biosynthesis procedure to prepare silver nanoparticles as reduction and capping agents with the aqueous plant extract of Perovskia abrotanoides. Methods: The therapeutic application of silver nanoparticles entirely depends on the size and shape of the nanoparticles therefore, their control during the synthesis procedure is so important. The effects of synthesis factors, for example, silver ion concentration, the mass of plant extract, reaction time and extraction temperature, on the size of silver particles were considered and optimized. Several analytical methods were used for the characterization of silver NPs including FT-IR and UV–Vis spectrophotometer, XRD and SEM. Results: The results showed that the mean size of the silver particles was about 51 nm. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of biosynthesized silver NPs were investigated by the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, and Well-diffusion tests. The minimum inhibitory concentration/ minimum bactericidal concentration values of silver NPs and aqueous plant extract versus Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) were 3.03/0.00, 1.20/0.01, 3.06/0.00, 0.98/1.04, 1.00/0.05 and 1.30/0.03 (mg/mL), respectively. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity study displayed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles by plant extract have better antimicrobial properties compared to aqueous plant extract of Perovskia abrotanoides.

In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Anthoney Swamy T* ◽  
Lasiti Timothy ◽  
Makani Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

New Groups of Potential Antituberculotics: Bis(1-aryltetrazol-5-yl) Disulfides. Structure Activity Relationship

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Waisser ◽  
Jiří Kuneš ◽  
Alexandr Hrabálek ◽  
Želmíra Odlerová
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Active Derivative ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Medium Activity ◽  
Substituent Constants ◽  
Atypical Strains

Oxidation of 1-aryltetrazole-5-thiols afforded bis(1-aryltetrazol-5-yl) disulfides. The compounds were tested for antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. avium and M. fortuitum. In the case of M. tuberculosis, the logarithm of minimum inhibitory concentration showed a parabolic dependence on hydrophobic substituent constants. Although the compounds exhibited low to medium activity, the most active derivative, bis(4-chlorophenyltetrazol-5-yl) disulfide (III) was more effective against atypical strains than are the commercial tuberculostatics used as standards.

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