Experimental study of the impact of large-scale wind farms on land–atmosphere exchanges

We experimentally explored the impact of a wind turbine with truncated blades on the power output and wake recovery, and its effects within 2 × 3 arrays of standard units. The blades of the truncated turbine covered a fraction of the outer region of the rotor span and replaced with a zero-lift structure around the hub, where aerodynamic torque is comparatively low. This way, the incoming flow around the hub may be used as a mixing enhancement mechanism and, consequently, to reduce the flow deficit in the wake. Particle image velocimetry was used to characterize the incoming flow and wake of various truncated turbines with a variety of blade length ratios L / R = 0.6 , 0.7, and 1, where L is the length of the working section of the blade of radius R. Power output was obtained at high frequency in each of the truncated turbines, and also at downwind units within 2 × 3 arrays with streamwise spacing of Δ x / d T = 4 , 5, and 6, with d T being the turbine diameter. Results show that the enhanced flow around the axis of the rotor induced large-scale instability and mixing that led to substantial power enhancement of wind turbines placed 4 d T downwind of the L / R = 0.6 truncated units; this additional power is still relevant at 6 d T . Overall, the competing factors defined by the expected power reduction of truncated turbines due to the decrease in the effective blade length, the need for reduced components of the truncated units, and enhanced power output of downwind standard turbines suggest a techno-economic optimization study for potential implementation.

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Distance Relay Impedance Measuring Problems in Presence of Wind Farms

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v1.i3.pp464-479 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 464

Author(s):

Farhad Namdari ◽

Fatemeh Soleimani ◽

Esmaeel Rokrok

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Large Scale ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Renewable Sources ◽

Fundamental Frequencies ◽

Fault Resistance ◽

Distance Relays ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

The Impact

<p><em>Environmental concerns along with the increasing demand on electrical power, have led to power generation of renewable sources like wind. Connecting wind turbines in large scale powers with transmission network makes new challenges like the impact of these renewable sources on power system protection. This paper studies the impact of fault resistance and its location on voltage and current fundamental frequencies of faulted lines connected to DFIG based wind farms and it will be demonstrated that because of the large differences between these frequencies, impedance measuring of distance relays is inefficient. Hence in these power systems using conventional impedance measurements is not suitable anymore and new impedance measuring approaches are required in distance relays.</em></p>

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Noise assessment of the small-scale wind farm

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911202011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 02011

Author(s):

Cristian-Gabriel Alionte ◽

Daniel-Constantin Comeaga

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Large Scale ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Small Scale ◽

Large Power ◽

Small Power ◽

Noise Assessment ◽

The Impact

The importance of renewable energy and especially of eolian systems is growing. For this reason, we propose the investigation of an important pollutant - the noise, which has become so important that European Commission and European Parliament introduced Directive 2002/49/CE relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. So far, priority has been given to very large-scale systems connected to national energy systems, wind farms whose highly variable output power could be regulated by large power systems. Nowadays, with the development of small storage capacities, it is feasible to install small power wind turbines in cities of up to 10,000 inhabitants too. As a case study, we propose a simulation for a rural locality where individual wind units could be used. This specific case study is interesting because it provides a new perspective of the impact of noise on the quality of life when the use of this type of system is implemented on a large scale. This option, of distributed and small power wind turbine, can be implemented in the future as an alternative or an adding to the common systems.

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Impact of Large-Scale Integrated Wind Farms on the Small Signal Stability of Power System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.393 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 805-806 ◽

pp. 393-396

Author(s):

Zhen Yu Xu ◽

Zhen Qiao ◽

Qian He ◽

Xu Zhang ◽

Jing Qi Su

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Large Scale ◽

Power Grid ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Small Signal ◽

Small Signal Stability ◽

Direct Drive ◽

Signal Model ◽

Signal Stability ◽

The Impact

With the penetration of wind energy is becoming higher and higher in power grid, it is very important to investigate the impact of wind generations on small signal stability. In this paper, a complete small signal model of wind turbine with direct-drive permanent magnet generator is built to study the impact of large-scale wind farms on the small signal stability of power system. By means of simulation and eigenvalue analysis, an actual power system is investigated, and the damping characteristic of power grid under different wind power penetration is discussed.

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Research on Wind Power Fluctuation and its Impacts on Power System Frequency

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.407 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 291-294 ◽

pp. 407-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Guo Peng Zhou ◽

Fu Feng Miao ◽

Xi Sheng Tang ◽

Tao Wu ◽

Shan Ying Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Power System ◽

Wind Power ◽

Large Scale ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Frequency Stability ◽

Frequency Deviation ◽

Intrinsic Mode Functions ◽

Power Fluctuation ◽

System Frequency ◽

The Impact

The output power of wind farms has significant randomness and variability, which results in adverse impacts on power system frequency stability. This paper extracts wind power fluctuation feature with the HHT (Hilbert-Huang Transform) method. Firstly, the original wind power data was decomposed into several IMFs (Intrinsic Mode Functions) and a tendency component by using the EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) method. Secondly, the instantaneous frequency of each IMF was calculated. On this basis, taking a WSCC 9-bus power system as benchmark, the impact on power system frequency caused by wind power fluctuation was simulated in a real-time simulation platform, and the key component which results in the frequency deviation was found. The simulation results validate the wind power fluctuation impacts on frequency deviation, underlying the following study on power system frequency stability under the situation of large-scale intermittent generation access into the grid.

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Impact of Large-Scale Integrated Wind Farms on the Voltage Stability of Regional Power System

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.659 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 724-725 ◽

pp. 659-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qian He ◽

Zhen Yu Xu ◽

Zhen Qiao ◽

Xu Zhang

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Voltage Stability ◽

Power Grid ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Regional Power ◽

Variable Speed Wind Turbine ◽

Transient Voltage Stability ◽

Transient Voltage ◽

Doubly Fed ◽

The Impact

In this paper, a variable speed wind turbine model based on doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) and a section of a practical power grid model to be studied are implemented in DIgSILENT / PowerFactory. The static voltage stability and the transient voltage stability of the regional power grid with high wind power penetration will be studied. Moreover, this paper will focus on the impact of static var compensator (SVC) on both steady state voltage stability and transient voltage stability.

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Wpływ zmiany pełnionych funkcji na fizjonomię portu w Ustce

Prace Komisji Geografii Komunikacji PTG ◽

10.4467/2543859xpkg.21.019.15046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 64-75

Author(s):

Tomasz Michalski

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Residential Facilities ◽

The Other ◽

Recreational Fishing ◽

The Past ◽

Port Area ◽

Production Activity ◽

The Impact

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wpływu zmiany funkcji pełnionych przez port w Ustce na jego fizjonomię. Analiza funkcjonalna dotyczy głównie okresu 2016-2019. Natomiast analizę fizjonomii przeprowadzono dla 2021 r. Stwierdzono, że podstawowa dla portów funkcja przeładunkowa jest w Ustce pełniona w minimalnym stopniu. Funkcja turystyki morskiej jest realizowana w stopniu niewystarczającym (brak mariny jachtowej), a żeglugi pasażerskiej nie jest realizowana. Port pełni nadal funkcję rybołówstwa i wędkarstwa rekreacyjnego, ale w stopniu mniejszym, niż w przeszłości. Działalność produkcyjna na terenie portu nie jest już prowadzona, chociaż w przeszłości była realizowana na dużą skalę. Istnieje szansa, że w porcie rozwinie się funkcja związana z konserwacją i eksploatacją farm wiatrowych. Obecnie w porcie rozwijają się silnie funkcja turystyczna (gastronomia, hotele itd.) oraz mieszkaniowa. Wprowadzenie tej ostatniej funkcji do portu uznano za błąd. Zmiany funkcji powodują zmiany w fizjonomii portu. Znikają obiekty przemysłowe i przeładunkowe, a na ich miejsce pojawiają się obiekty z funkcją hotelową i gastronomiczną oraz mieszkaniowe, aczkolwiek zmiany te zachodzą z dużym opóźnieniem. The impact of changes in the performed functions on the physiognomy of the port in Ustka The aim of the article is to present the impact of changes in the functions performed by the port in Ustka on its physiognomy. The functional analysis mainly covers the period of 2016-2019, while the analysis of the physiognomy was conducted for 2021. It was found that the basic trans-shipment function is played to a minimum extent in Ustka. The function of sea tourism is insufficiently realized (no yacht marina), and the function of passenger shipping is not performed. The function of recreational fishing and angling is still performed by the port, but to a lesser extent than in the past. There is no longer any production activity in the port area, although in the past it was carried out on a large scale. There is a chance that the port will develop a function related to the maintenance and operation of wind farms. On the other hand, the tourist function (gastronomy, hotels, etc.) and housing are strongly developing in the port. Introducing the latter function into the port was considered a mistake. Changes in functions result in changes to the port physiognomy. Industrial and trans-shipment facilities are disappearing and replaced with hotel, catering and residential facilities. However, these changes are long delayed.

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Research of Robust State Estimation Method and Program Implementation Considering Large-Scale Wind Power Integration

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.361 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 672-674 ◽

pp. 361-366

Author(s):

Ya Di Luo ◽

Jing Li ◽

Zi Ming Guo ◽

Gui Rong Shi ◽

Dong Sheng Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

State Estimation ◽

Wind Power ◽

Large Scale ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Estimation Method ◽

Wind Farms ◽

The State ◽

Wind Power Integration ◽

The Impact ◽

Bad Data

According to the characteristics of the wind farm measuration and the impact of bad data on the state estimation, this paper introduces the reference value of measurement type and the bad data reference factor into the weight function, and then presents the calculation method of state estimation method for solving residual contamination problem caused by large-scale wind power integration. In order to improve the software computing speed and the data section real-time performance of robust state estimation, using parallel algorithms to do Givens transformation. Finally, the simulation tests of a regional power grid to prove that the proposed method can effectively identify telemetry bad data of wind farms eliminate residual pollution caused by it, which improve the speed and accuracy of the State Estimation.

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Analyses on Integration of Wind Power into Gansu Power Grid

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.569 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 608-609 ◽

pp. 569-572 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xi Chao Zhou ◽

Fu Chao Liu ◽

Jing Jing Zheng

Keyword(s):

Wind Power ◽

Large Scale ◽

Transient Stability ◽

Power Grid ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Wind Power Integration ◽

Grid Operation ◽

Installed Capacity ◽

The Impact

In recent years, wind power penetration into the grid has increased rapidly with abundant wind resources in Jiuquan, according to the policy of the Chinese government to “establish a ‘Hexi Wind Power Corridor’ and rebuild another Western ‘Terrestrial Three Gorges Dam’”. By the end of 2010, the total installed capacity of wind power in Jiuquan has reached 5160 MW. The wind farms are connected to 110 kV transmission network or above in Jiuquan, the studies of their impacts on the grid, in particular, the grid operation are becoming serious and urgent. Jiuquan is far away from the load center with a weak grid configuration, therefore issues such as transmission line overloading, local grid voltage fluctuation, and transient stability limitation are looming with large scale wind power integration. The power system dispatch and operation are influenced by the intermittent nature of the wind power, which should be regulated by the system reserves. This paper discusses the recent integration of wind power into the grid with a focus on the impact on the Gansu power grid operation. The paper also presents the measures to deal with these issues.

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