scholarly journals Integrating energy access, efficiency and renewable energy policies in sub-Saharan Africa: a model-based analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 125010
Author(s):  
Anteneh G Dagnachew ◽  
Miguel Poblete-Cazenave ◽  
Shonali Pachauri ◽  
Andries F Hof ◽  
Bas van Ruijven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Renewable Energy Policies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Model Based Analysis ◽  
Access Efficiency

scholarly journals Sub-Saharan Africa Is Lighting Up: Uneven Progress on Electrification

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofei D. Mante
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Electricity Access

This research paper provides a regional review of the state of electricity access in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on installed capacity, electricity generation, the growth of renewable energy, electricity consumption, government investment, public financial flows, and several major initiatives. The study contrasts electrification between 1990 and 2010 with recent efforts and identifies countries that are consistently making progress and those that lag. The analyses show signs of progress on scaling up SSA power infrastructure and increasing electricity access, particularly in the Eastern and Western sub-regions. The installed generation capacity expanded at an average rate of 2.43 GW/year between 2005 and 2015. Renewable energy is growing, particularly solar, wind, and geothermal; about 9.7 GW of renewable energy capacity was installed between 2010 and 2016. Over this period, the net electricity generation in SSA increased at 9.1 TWh/year, more than double the historical average growth of 4.02 TWh/year (1990–2010). In general, the study found that rates of electrification across the entire region are more than twice the historical rates, and an average of at least 26 million people are now gaining access to electricity yearly. Nevertheless, progress is uneven across SSA. As of 2016, almost half of the population without electricity access live in Nigeria, DR Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Quantitative analysis suggests that about 70 million people in SSA would have to gain access every year from 2017 to achieve universal access by 2030. Overall, SSA countries with national programs on energy access supported by policy/regulatory framework and infrastructure investment are making progress.

scholarly journals Energy price modelling in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Logedi Luhangala ◽  
Amollo Ambole ◽  
Josephine Kaviti Musango ◽  
Fabrizio Ceschin ◽  
Simeon Otieno Dulo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Energy Transitions ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract The energy market in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is not meeting the demands of the region’s growing population. Energy access remains a significant challenge, with most people on the continent still reliant on biomass and other traditional forms of energy. Paradoxically, research has found that the African continent has the highest potential for renewable energy generation. For this energy to be commercialized effectively, there is a need to understand energy price modelling in the SSA context. Our initial review of Literature showed that energy price modelling has received little attention in SSA. This paper, therefore, fills this gap by using a systematic literature review to consolidate knowledge on how energy price modelling has been applied in the SSA context. The systematic literature review results reveal four commonly used models: time series, Artificial Neural Network, Hybrid Iterative Reactive Adaptive (HIRA), and Hybrid models. Across the 46 SSA countries, governments have applied these models to price electricity and petroleum at the national level. However, these models have not been applied to renewable energy markets. Neither have they been applied at the household level. In the discussion, we hypothesize that price modelling can be used at the household level to improve energy decision-making. For this to work, price modelling should be simplified, user-friendly, and accessible to households. In conclusion, we recommend that SSA governments develop a more holistic view of energy price modelling to better harness the potential of renewables. They can do this through effective stakeholder engagement that includes the needs of small businesses and households. The main lessons drawn from this review include the possibility of using energy price modelling technology as a pathway to encouraging energy transitions to renewable energy in informal settlements in Africa. Using technology to bring the price modelling closer to the people is also an important element in facilitating effective transition to renewable energy. Finally, including the members of the community in pricing through creation of awareness on the models used and popularizing technology that can help in predictive pricing will help in creating better and faster energy transitions.

scholarly journals A Number of Policy Recommendations to Promote Legal Safeguards for Renewable Energy for Private Investment in Liberia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
Omar V. Al Sherif ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Private Sector Participation ◽  
Renewable Energy Policies

The development and implementation of renewable energy policies and regulations in Liberia are cardinal to develop the nascent electricity sector. Liberia had developed some of the priority policy and regulatory instruments in the electricity sector; however, supportive policies and regulations to minimize investment risks and create an enabling environment for all actors are indispensable to attain universal energy access. The research aims to provide policy and regulatory recommendations that will increase private sector participation in the electricity sector of Liberia through the deployment of renewable energy technologies. The recommendations examined a comprehensive review and analysis of the energy legislation in Liberia, renewable energy policies in Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and data on renewable energy policies from countries in West Africa. It was explicit from the literature review that Liberia does not have policies and regulations for renewable power generation, transmission, and distribution, which are imperative for private sector participation. The establishment of the new renewable energy law and supportive policies such as policy and regulation on tariff setting, fiscal policy, financial policy, administrative and legal provisions, and technical standards are the recommendations of this research paper.

Renewable Energy for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Sub-Saharan Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 1116 ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Bello
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Sub Saharan

Worldwide, developing countries struggle to overcome numerous problems that constrain their socio-economic development. Sub-Saharan African countries represent a good example of developing countries with serious developmental challenges. Thus, this chapter presents a critical analysis on the socio-economic situation in Sub-Saharan Africa and the links between limited access to modern energy services and the prevailing socio-economic circumstance. It discusses the expected roles of renewable energy technologies in increasing energy access in the region and highlights important factors that influence extensive deployment of renewable energy technologies for sustainable development. Reliable statistical data on both the Human Development Index (HDI) and Energy Development Index (EDI) rankings indicate that most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa lie far below the world average and as a region, Sub-Saharan Africa scores least. There is high level of poverty and inadequate social services, which is attributed to acute shortage of modern energy services. In Sub-Saharan Africa, over 70% of the population lack reliable access to electricity and modern cooking fuels, which represents a large proportion of the „energy poor‟ in the world. Lack of access to modern energy services limits economic and agricultural opportunities, negatively affects the environment, promotes gender inequality and constrains delivery of social services such as health care delivery system and education. Thus, one of the biggest developmental challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa is to find effective and pragmatic solutions for increasing energy access. Sub-Saharan Africa is richly endowed with renewable energy resources such as biomass, wind, solar, hydropower and geothermal, which largely remain unexploited. The renewable energy resources are widely available throughout the region unlike the conventional fossil-based resources, that is, coal, oil and gas, which are concentrated within very few countries. Therefore, the renewable energy resources if properly and fully utilized can provide clean, affordable and reliable energy services that will promote socio-economic activities and support sustainable development.

Financing Energy Access in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kayode Oniemola ◽  
Jane Ezirigwe
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Diesel Motors

To achieve universal energy access will attract huge capital investments. If sub-Saharan Africa is to realize anything close to the ambitious goals set for its energy access, then new actors, innovative funding mechanisms and sustainable technologies will have to be attracted. Finance is needed for activities such as rural electrification, clean cooking facilities, diesel motors and generators, other renewable energy technologies, oil and gas infrastructures, etc. Finance is also needed in research and development of suitable technologies and funding options as well as investment in the capacity to formulate and implement sound energy policies. This chapter examines the varied financing options for energy access in sub-Saharan Africa. It argues that with appropriate laws in place and effective mechanism for implementation, African countries can significantly engage private sector financing, international financial institutions and foreign donors. The role of the law here will be in creating an enabling environment for financing.

scholarly journals A Review of Energy Communities in Sub-Saharan Africa as a Transition Pathway to Energy Democracy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2128
Author(s):  
Amollo Ambole ◽  
Kweku Koranteng ◽  
Peris Njoroge ◽  
Douglas Logedi Luhangala
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
Global North ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Energy Justice ◽  
Design Proposal ◽  
Ssa Countries

Energy communities have received considerable attention in the Global North, especially in Europe, due to their potential for achieving sustainable energy transitions. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), energy communities have received less attention partly due to the nascent energy systems in many emerging SSA states. In this paper, we argue that these nascent energy systems offer an opportunity to co-create energy communities that can tackle the energy access challenges faced by most SSA countries. To understand how such energy communities are realised in the sub-region, we undertake a systematic review of research on energy communities in 46 SSA countries. Our findings show that only a few energy projects exhibit the conventional characteristics of energy communities; In most of these projects, local communities are inadequately resourced to institute and manage their own projects. We thus look to stakeholder engagement approaches to propose co-design as a strategy for strengthening energy communities in SSA. We further embed our co-design proposal in energy democracy thinking to argue that energy communities can be a pathway towards equity and energy justice in SSA. We conclude that energy communities can indeed contribute to improving energy access in Africa, but they need an enabling policy environment to foster their growth and sustainability.

scholarly journals BioLPG for Clean Cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa: Present and Future Feasibility of Technologies, Feedstocks, Enabling Conditions and Financing

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3916
Author(s):  
Kimball C. Chen ◽  
Matthew Leach ◽  
Mairi J. Black ◽  
Meron Tesfamichael ◽  
Francis Kemausuor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Energy supply for clean cooking is a priority for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG, i.e., propane or butane or a mixture of both) is an economically efficient, cooking energy solution used by over 2.5 billion people worldwide and scaled up in numerous low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Investigation of the technical, policy, economic and physical requirements of producing LPG from renewable feedstocks (bioLPG) finds feasibility at scale in Africa. Biogas and syngas from the circular economic repurposing of municipal solid waste and agricultural waste can be used in two groundbreaking new chemical processes (Cool LPG or Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH2)) to selectively produce bioLPG. Evidence about the nature and scale potential of bioLPG presented in this study justifies further investment in the development of bioLPG as a fuel that can make a major contribution toward enabling an SSA green economy and universal energy access. Techno-economic assessments of five potential projects from Ghana, Kenya and Rwanda illustrate what might be possible. BioLPG technology is in the early days of development, so normal technology piloting and de-risking need to be undertaken. However, fully developed bioLPG production could greatly reduce the public and private sector investment required to significantly increase SSA clean cooking capacity.

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