The fundamental optimal relations of the allocation, cost and effectiveness of the heat exchangers of a Carnot-like power plant

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (42) ◽  
pp. 425205 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Aragón-González ◽  
A Canales-Palma ◽  
A León-Galicia ◽  
J M Rivera-Camacho
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Allocation Cost

Simulation and Optimization of Combined Cycle Power Cycles Through HRSG’s Heat Exchangers Arrangement and Parameters for Exergy and Cost

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravin G. Naik ◽  
Chirayu M. Shah ◽  
Arvind S. Mohite
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Heat Recovery Steam Generator ◽  
Exergetic Efficiency ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Combined Cycle Power Plant

To produce the power with higher overall efficiency and reasonable cost is ultimate aim for the power industries in the power deficient scenario. Though combined cycle power plant is most efficient way to produce the power in today’s world, rapidly increasing fuel prices motivates to define a strategy for cost-effective optimization of this system. The heat recovery steam generator is one of the equipment which is custom made for combined cycle power plant. So, here the particular interest is to optimize the combined power cycle performance through optimum design of heat recovery steam generator. The case of combined cycle power plant re-powered from the existing Rankine cycle based power plant is considered to be simulated and optimized. Various possible configuration and arrangements for heat recovery steam generator has been examined to produce the steam for steam turbine. Arrangement of heat exchangers of heat recovery steam generator is optimized for bottoming cycle’s power through what-if analysis. Steady state model has been developed using heat and mass balance equations for various subsystems to simulate the performance of combined power cycles. To evaluate the performance of combined power cycles and its subsystems in the view of second law of thermodynamics, exergy analysis has been performed and exergetic efficiency has been determined. Exergy concepts provide the deep insight into the losses through subsystems and actual performance. If the sole objective of optimization of heat recovery steam generator is to increase the exergetic efficiency or minimizing the exergy losses then it leads to the very high cost of power which is not acceptable. The exergo-economic analysis has been carried to find the cost flow from each subsystem involved to the combined power cycles. Thus the second law of thermodynamics combined with economics represents a very powerful tool for the systematic study and optimization of combined power cycles. Optimization studies have been carried out to evaluate the values of decision parameters of heat recovery steam generator for optimum exergetic efficiency and product cost. Genetic algorithm has been utilized for multi-objective optimization of this complex and nonlinear system. Pareto fronts generated by this study represent the set of best solutions and thus providing a support to the decision-making.

Pressure Testing Feedwater Heaters and Power Plant Auxiliary Heat Exchangers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Yokell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Shell Side ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
National Board ◽  
Pressure Testing ◽  
Test Pressure

This paper discusses factory and field pressure testing of tubular heat transfer equipment such as closed feedwater heaters, steam surface condensers and power plant auxiliary heat exchangers built to Section VIII Division 1 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (the ASME Code) and repaired or altered in accordance with the National Board Inspection Code (NBIC). It discusses the ASME Code’s and the NBIC’s requirements for hydrostatically testing unfired pressure vessels which includes tubular heat transfer equipment. It points out that using pressure gage indications of pressure loss to determine if there is a leak from the tube side to the shell side when the back face of the tubesheet is not visible does not reveal very small leaks or weeping. For the purposes of this paper, we define weeping, VRRLeak, as a leak of 20 drops per hour or approximately 1 cm3 [0.061 in3]. During typical half-hour hydrostatic test pressure holding periods, such weeping would amount to 10 drops of water on the tubesheet face or 0.5 cm3 [0.0305 in3]. Weeping through tube-to-tubesheet joints of high-pressure feedwater heaters can lead to wire drawing (wormholing), which can materially reduce the heater life. Leaks from the channel to the shell side of steam surface condensers and auxiliary condensers can introduce brackish water into the condensate. Depending upon the fluid flowing in the tubes, contaminants can enter the shell side of other auxiliary equipment when the channel pressure is higher than that of the shell. The paper concludes that Users must advise Designers and Manufacturers of the hazards of small leaks through the tube-to-tubesheet joints. It recommends that these three entities must agree on suitable leak tests.

Component Design Considerations for Gas Turbine HTGR Power Plant

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. McDonald ◽  
R. G. Adams ◽  
F. R. Bell ◽  
P. Fortescue
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Primary Circuit ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Conversion System

The gas turbine high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) power plant combines the existing design HTGR core with a closed-cycle helium gas turbine power conversion system directly in the reactor primary circuit. The high density helium working fluid results in a very compact power conversion system. While the geometries of the helium turbomachinery, heat exchangers, and internal gas flow paths differ from air breathing gas turbines because of the nature of the working fluid and the high degree of pressurization, many of the aerodynamic, heat transfer and dynamic analytical procedures used in the design are identical to conventional open-cycle industrial gas turbine practice. This paper outlines some of the preliminary design considerations for the rotating machinery, heat exchangers, and other major primary system components for an integrated type of plant embodying multiple gas turbine loops. The high potential for further improvement in plant efficiency and capacity, for both advanced dry-cooled and waste heat power cycle versions of the direct-cycle nuclear gas turbine, is also discussed.

Multi-Point Energy and Exergy Analysis of a 1.5 MWe Hybrid SOFC-GT Power Plant

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Calise ◽  
Massimo Dentice d’Accadia ◽  
Laura Vanoli ◽  
Michael R. von Spakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Internal Reforming ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Energy And Exergy Analysis

This paper presents a multi-point energy and exergy analysis of a hybrid SOFC–GT power plant. The plant layout consists of the following principal components: an internal reforming SOFC, a steam-methane pre-reformer, a catalytic burner, a radial gas turbine, a centrifugal air compressor, a centrifugal fuel compressor, plate-fin heat exchangers, counter-flow shell and tube heat exchangers, and mixers. The partial load performance of the centrifugal compressors and radial turbine is determined using maps, properly scaled in order to match required mass flow rate and pressure ratio values. The plant is simulated on the basis of a zero-dimensional model discussed in previous papers. Two different partialization strategies are introduced in order to assess the partial load behavior of the plant. Results show that the plant achieves the best partial load performance for the case when both air and fuel mass flow rates are simultaneously reduced.

Dual Receiver Concept for Solar Towers up to 100 MW

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eck ◽  
R. Buck ◽  
M. Wittmann
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Steam Generator ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Central Receiver

The dual receiver concept presented in this paper improves the adaptation of the central receiver to the steam cycle in a solar thermal power plant. By combination of an open volumetric air heater and a tubular evaporator the dual receiver concept profits from the advantages of these two concepts while their characteristic problems are avoided. The water is evaporated directly in the tubular steam generator; preheating and superheating are done in heat exchangers by using the hot air from the volumetric receiver. This paper presents a concept study that extends previous work on the 10MWel level (Buck et al., 2004, “Dual Receiver Concept for Solar Towers,” Proc. 12th Solar PACES Int. Symposium, Oct. 6–8, Oaxaca, Mexico) to a level of 100MWel, which is the expected power range of future plants. The results confirm the benefits of the new concept, resulting from higher thermal efficiency of the receiver and lower parasitic power consumption. The annual mean efficiency is increased from 13% to 16%. Advantageous are also the reduced thermal loads in the receiver components.

Thermal Analysis Technique for Coolers Operating in Off and Low Load Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Inlet Valve ◽  
Plant Personnel ◽  
Load Conditions

The most conservatively designed power plant heat exchangers are designed to meet a maximum heat load with minimum fluid temperature differences. When the input temperatures are less than design maximums, the cooler will usually be in a position of over performance. This relationship is especially true when the heat exchanger is a closed Component Cooling Water (CCW) heat exchanger with inlet fluid at ambient conditions. Maintaining a consistent cooling temperature is an important concern in the operation of a power plant. It is important that the cooling needs of the equipment such as the hydrogen coolers are maintained at a set temperature. Overcooling may not be of benefit to the equipment. The component which cools the service water with the local cooling water is a component cooling water heat exchanger (CCW). The two primary methods of controlling the heat rejection performance on these vessels is to throttling the tubeside flow to get a consistent shell outlet temperature with control valves or leave the tubeside flow constant and by-pass a portion of the shellside flow. Estimating the performance of the heat exchanger with given set of inlet conditions and a fixed design point can be accomplished using a the Number Transfer Units (NTU) method. Opening and closing the control valve is based on the estimated performance. This analysis can be used by power plant personnel to gauge the operation of these vessels over varying operating conditions. The analysis can also include the effect of different values of cleanliness and the extent of throttling. As a unit experiences fouling, additional flow is required to meet the thermal requirements. Depending upon the extent of fouling, the inlet valve will be either opened or closed. Plant personnel may observe the cooling water inlet temperature and the extent to which the inlet valve is open, and use that information to determine possible fouling and setup a maintenance schedule. The following analytical approach for evaluating low, critical, or off load conditions is important in the design and operation of these types of power plant heat exchangers, piping and control valve systems.

scholarly journals SIMULATION STUDY OF PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR POWER PLANTS IN BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Antonio Marcos De Oliveira Siqueira ◽  
Gabi Antoine Altabash ◽  
Rayan Fadi Barhouche ◽  
Gabriel Siqueira Silva ◽  
Fábio Gonçalves Villela
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Power Block

Various data reveals the potential of concentrated solar technologies for the electricity production. With global growing energy demand and green-house gas emission, concentrating solar power is considered as one of the promising options and has invited wide attention. In this work, a model for a 30 MW parabolic trough solar power plant system was developed for 31 different locations in Brazil, using TRNSYS simulation software, and TESS and STEC libraries. The power system consists of a parabolic trough solar collector loop connected to a power block by a series of heat exchangers. The solar collector loop consists of a field of parabolic trough collectors, stratified thermal storage tank, pump and heat exchangers to drive the power block and uses Therminol VP1 as heat transfer fluid. The results show that the cities of Recife (PE), Fortaleza (CE), Belterra (PA), Salvador (BA) and Petrolina (PE) stand out for their high monthly values of direct normal irradiation and, resulting the highest production of energy by the same configuration of Solar Central Power Plant.

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